The role of FMD Reference Centres (RCs) and lab networks in relation to Regional Roadmaps and the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for FMD

[1] Prepared by:

Sumption K (1) , (1) European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), FAO, Rome, Italy, (2) EMPRES Animal Health, FAO,

Rome, Italy

Stages 0-3 = infected countries/zones

Risk not controlledContinuous FMDV circulation

Critical risk points identified,strategy being developed

Critical points addressed incidence

Approaching freedomOutbreaks < once / year

Officially free with vaccinationNo circulation / containment zones only

0

1

2

3

4

Officially free without vaccinationNo circulation / containment zones only5

Progress 2009 – Regional/Global

FMD Roadmaps: West Eurasia (2 meetings; 14 countries: vision to 2020)

West Eurasia Lab Network Africa – Nairobi meeting (Jan 09) , Roadmaps for Southern,

Eastern and West/Central Global FMD Conference, Paraguay

supported the Roadmaps approach, and Progressive Control Pathway (PCP)

recommended FAO promote and support networks (inc Lab Networks)

Global Gf-TADS Steering Committee (July): recommended follow up task force to Paraguay (could become

global FMD task force)

Regional/National Reference Centres

Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres

Reference Centres(UK, Belgium, Italy, South Africa, India, Russian Fed – at 3/09)

Intermediate, sporadic

Endemic FMD - Free

Free. Virus present in game parks Free with vaccination

Countries with multiples zones

Source: Annual OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Report, 2007

Pool 1O, A, Asia 1

Pool 2O, A, Asia 1

Pool 3O, A, Asia 1

Pool 6SAT 1, 2, 3

Pool 4A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3

Pool 5O, A, SAT 1, 2Pool 7

O, A

FMDV distribution: virus pools and FMD reference centres

Regional/National Reference Centres

Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres

Reference Centres(UK, Belgium, Italy, South Africa, India, Russian Fed – at 3/09)

Intermediate, sporadic

Endemic FMD - Free Free. Virus present in game parks Free with vaccination

Countries with multiples zonesSource: Annual OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Report, 2007

Pool 1O, A, Asia 1

Pool 2O, A, Asia 1

Pool 3O, A, Asia 1

Pool 6SAT 1, 2, 3

Pool 4A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3

Pool 5O, A, SAT 1, 2

Pool 7O, A

GLOBAL FMD Lab network (OIE/FAO):•annual meeting (2009 Delhi; 2010 Pirbright)•annual report (virus surveillance in 2009)•secretariat: WRL Pirbright•funds: FAO •African labs: OVI and BVI. Eastern Africa represented by Sabenzia Wekesa (2009)

One task for this meeting

GLOBAL FMD Lab network (OIE/FAO) Report for 2009 Drafted by WRL Sections on each of the 7 virus pools sent to Ref Labs for comments – January 2010 this meeting should review POOL 5 – EASTERN AFRICA

section revision to be sent to WRL by 11th Feb Report will be finalised 13th Feb for submission to FAO & OIE

The Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) and Regional Roadmaps

PCP-FMD: is a set of control program activity stages leading to FMD freedom developed FAO, will be endorsed by OIE (2010) as part of Global

Framework for long term FMD control

Regional Roadmaps (RR) describe the anticipated progress along the PCP at national and regional level over longer term (e.g. to 2020) PCP at national level and RR at regional level National FMD labs

essential to support PCP activities need support - by regional networks

Regional FMD Lab networks

Pool 1/East Asia Active/new Pakchong, Thailand

Pool 2/South Asia India (PD-FMD) nominated for SAARC

Pool 3/West Eurasia Beginning Naci Bulut, Turkey (SAP Institute) leader

Europe Active/long term Pirbright leads, EC and EuFMD support

Pool 4/West Africa No leader identified

Pool 5/ Eastern Africa This meeting Leader(s) for 2010-11?

Pool 6/Southern Africa Active/new BVI (Botswana), leads

Pool 7/South America Active/long term Panaftosa leads

Stages 0-3 = infected countries/zones

Risk not controlledContinuous FMDV circulation

Critical risk points identified,strategy being developed

Critical points addressed incidence

Approaching freedomOutbreaks < once / year

Officially free with vaccinationNo circulation / containment zones only

0

1

2

3

4

Officially free without vaccinationNo circulation / containment zones only5

FAO Progressive control pathway - risk reduction approach

•not a top down prescribed approach: but each MS encouraged to develop national risk reduction strategies that are supportive to the regional effort

Progressive Control Pathway

Stage Monitoring Control Surveillance

0 No No No

1 Yes No No

2 Yes Yes No

3 Yes Yes Yes

Monitoring: testing without necessary actionSurveillance: testing with necessary action, i.e. containment of the infection

Requirements in various stages

FMD notifiable in stage 1Lab services needed: NSP serology in stage 1 for risk identification FMD identification in stage 1 SP serology in stage 2 if vaccination is used Timely sending samples to WRL in stage 2 Sensitive virus identification (RT-PCR or VI) in stage 3

Laboratory services can be obtained from others

Other requirements: Contingency plan in stage 3 Farm e.g. GIS identification in stage 3 Animal identification preferred in stage 3

Eastern Africa – FMDV Pool 5

very broad range of serotypes/topotypes circulating serotypes A, O, SAT1,2,3 ....(type C?) contains unique topotypes to Eastern Africa some topotypes shared –or occasionally introduced from –

West/Central Africa (across sahel - ). occasional Eastern African SATs extend to Southern Africa

(Tanzania to Malawi/Northern Zambia) reservoirs of SAT viruses in wildlife in most countries extent of diversity

challenge for vaccine selection more epidemic waves/per year than other regions? →more chance individual has multiple FMD episodes

reason why chronic FMD cases reported (hairy panters syndrome) impact under-estimated?

An Eastern Africa FMD lab network

national FMD labs and their experts isolated but often good links to European Ref Labs

needed for services to identify FMDV circulation advice on vaccine suitability identifying/validating suitable tests for regional strains assisting capacity building – overcoming common problems improved risk assessment on new findings (emergent FMDV)

links: associated with FAO co-ordinated EARLN a “regional network ”” contributing to the GLOBAL network

(OIE/FAO FMD Reference Centre network co-ordinated by Pirbright)

Example: West Eurasia – FMD Lab networkfor countries in the West Eurasia Regional Roadmap

Terms of Reference for the Lab Network

a. the harmonisation of laboratory procedures to improve the confidence of veterinaryservices in the results obtained across the region;b. to improve early detection of emergent viruses, and communicate information to assistthe preparedness of each country for epidemic threats;c. to build expertise in each country, and improve capacity and performance oflaboratories across the region;d. to implement in network members a system for ring (proficiency) testing;e. that one laboratory will serve as a leading facility for gap analysis, training, andmanage proficiency tests (with OIE or FAO reference laboratories), will interface withRegional Epidemiological Unit, and host a regional laboratory network website.

Main Ref centres involved: WRL, IZSLER Brescia (Lindholm, Denmark) Lab Network representative on West Eurasia FMD Roadmap Advisory Committee, 2009-2010: Naci Bulut, SAP Institute Turkey

Future support –Eastern Africa FMD lab net

$ enough for annual meeting and co-ordination EuFMD (FAO)

specialist FMD Commission Phase I support (2006-9) : Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan (average US$ 30,000

per lab) Phase II support (2010-12): proposals invited for new actions

that fit with objectives of improving virus typing and incidence monitoring (PCP Stage 1 )

grants about 50-95,000 per lab see Keith Sumption

Eastern Africa Ref Lab Network (EARLN) possible use of donor funds for African lab/epi networks (current focus

on HPAI, needs good proposals) bilateral /national projects will provide a great deal of the country

specific information (e.g. SACIDS project Tanzania)

FMD Roadmap development - Africa

Agreed timetable for Africa

Countries 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Algeria Egypt

Libya

Mauritania

Morocco

Tunisia

Benin

Burkina Faso

Cote D'Ivoire

Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Liberia

Mali

Niger

Nigeria

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Togo

Cameroon

Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Chad

Congo (Dem. Rep. of the)

Congo (Rep. of the)

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Sao Tome and Principe

Djibouti

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Kenya

Somalia

Sudan

Tanzania

Burundi

Rwanda

Uganda

Angola ?? 4/5 4/5

Botswana 3z/5 3z/5 3z/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5

Comoros

Lesotho 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Madagascar

Malawi 4/5 Mauritius

Mayotte (France)

Mozambique

4/5 Namibia 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4Z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 Reunion (France)

Seychelles

South Africa4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5

Swaziland 4/5 Zambia 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5 4z/5

Zimbabwe 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 4z/5

By 2020, there will be sufficient control of FMD in Africa to enable the livestock sector to participate in local, regional, sub-continental, international trade, and contribute to improved food security and livelihoods.  In this regard, obtain by 2010 th Vision statement agreed at the Final Plenary Session, 30th January N ZVision statement for North Africa agreed at the OIE General Session, 26th May (Paris) Level 0

Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5

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Africa Roadmapsto 2020

Expected PCP progression,

North, West/Central,

East and Southern Africa

(Nairobi Workshop, Jan 09 and Algiers,

Feb 09)

2009 2020

FMD Roadmap development – AfricaRoadmap progression to 2020 – after Nairobi and Algiers Workshops (2009)

How to move forward?

Stage 1 PCP activities –low cost monitoring project support - assist countries to achieve Stage 1 proposals encouraged – possible FAO support at least 2 proposals from Eastern Africa for Stage 1 activities

encouraged possible support (FAO, EuFMD) 2010-12 should stimulate other projects/countries to achieve Stage 1

Conclusions:Roadmaps need regional lab networks

Progressive Control Stages (PCP) : at most basic, need Ref centres for typing /vaccine matching: sequential addition of capacity Stage 1 PCP - NSP ELISA (national level) Stage 2 PCP – SP ELISA for monitoring vaccination campaigns Stage 3 PCP - rapid detection/typing for early control (<7 days typing to

strain level) Reference Centres:

provide services not present at National Level assist risk assessment – threat of new variants training and introduction of methods EQA initiate /support/promote regional supporting studies:

Full genome sequencing for epidemiology (West Eurasia) specific diagnostic guidance: e.g. rapid strain typing protocols

Building up regional lab networks: lets start from here!

start up funds needed – meetings, PT services make use of/develop support projects

e.g. HPAI – high level of support for networks each network has range of actors

technical service providers (receive or send biologicals) animators (make it happen, not always same as service

provider!) regional NRL members international RC (Global PT services - WRL Pirbright, etc) other stakeholders (vaccine producers, vet service risk

managers)

Acknowledgements

EUFMD Commission member states EC (DG-SANCO –Regional workshops) FAO (J. Domenech, J. Lubroth, G Ferrari, J Pinto) OIE (G. Bruckner) African Union-IBAR (Pan African Workshop) FAO World Reference Laboratory (WRL) Pirbright (D Paton)

Supporting centres: EUFMD Secretariat staff (Nadia Rumich) RAHCs in Nairobi, Bamako, Beirut, Tunis, Gaborone, Nepal

End here – for discussion

Remaining slides explain the Roadmap and PCP approach – familiar to most participantsNairobi and Paraguay meetings - 2009