st energy tech forum april 1 , 2016, athens, greece study
TRANSCRIPT
1 Copyright Š by LTT/NTUA
1st Energy Tech Forum April 1st, 2016, Athens, Greece
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
C. Kalathakis1 Ph.D. Student
N. Aretakis1
Assistant Professor [email protected]
A. Alexiou1
Senior Researcher [email protected]
I. Roumeliotis2 Assistant Professor [email protected]
K. Mathioudakis1
Professor [email protected]
1Laboratory of Thermal Turbomachines National Technical University of Athens, Greece
2Section of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Greece
An analysis of the performance of power production configurations, using solar heat source in
combination with conventional fuels in gas or steam turbine power plants, with the possibility of continuous and fully controlled operation (solar hybrid configurations), is presented.
Provisions for using solar energy for hybridization of conventional gas turbines are analyzed. The solar radiation is concentrated by mirrors (heliostats) to a receiver that heats the air, which exits the compressor, prior its entrance into the combustion chamber. This heating reduces or even eliminates the amount of fuel required to produce the output power. The performances of two types of hybridized turbines, single shaft and twin-shaft, are compared. The analysis includes the effects of hybridization on performance parameters of each engine (operating point, power output, fuel consumption, etc.) on a yearly basis. The size of the heliostat field on the overall performance of the single-shaft engine and the effect of compressor variable guide vane system is also studied. The hybridized single shaft gas turbine is further assessed considering economic parameters.
The performance of a steam turbine cycle using solar energy is also analyzed, including a study of its behavior for a typical day.
Comparative advantages and disadvantages of different configurations are discussed.
Scope of this work is the demonstration of the ability to model and simulate the performance of Solar Thermal Power Plants (STPPs) and to compute the effect of design and operation parameters. For this, the examples of solar steam turbine and hybrid gas turbines are studied. The effect of design and operation parameters is demonstrated trough the examples of the type of gas turbine, the heliostat field size and the operation of Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs).
STPPs are based on the hybridization, where the fossil fuel thermal power is partially or totally replaced by solar thermal power. (slide 3)
The studied solar steam turbine cycle, uses troughs and oil as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). For off design performance, HTF flow is proportional to irradiation, the pressure of produced steam is kept constant, while the water flow is computed in order the evaporator to produce saturated steam. The percentage deviation of gross power production (P), water/steam and HTF flows (W) and Steam and HTF temperatures (T) in accordance to the irradiation deviation (DNI) is shown. (slides 5-7)
Hybrid gas turbines are equipped with a tower solar receiver which preheats the air before its entrance into the combustion chamber. Two hybrid gas turbine types are studied, the single shaft and the twin shaft. The design characteristics are chosen in order to have high solar share, maximum fuel efficiency and solar-only operation at the design DNI. Limitations of receiver are taken into account. (slides 9-10)
The performance of the two hybrid engines is simulated over the year using constant Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and hourly ambient data. The annual overall performance is obtained through integration of the hourly results. The percentage difference between solar hybrid and fuel-only engines in annual
2 Copyright Š by LTT/NTUA
produced energy (E), consumed fuel (Fuel) and fuel efficiency (eff_f) as well as the solar share is shown. (slide 11)
The difference of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LEC) between the single shaft hybrid engine and the fuel-only one is depicted for various fuel and emission cost values. Also, it is depicted the same quantity if the acquisition and maintenance costs of the solar part components were reduced to 75%, 50% and 25% of the current values. (slide 13)
The percentage difference between single shaft solar hybrid and fuel-only engines in annual performance, in accordance with the number of mirrors is shown. (slide 15)
For standard day ambient conditions and for solar radiation at the half of the design one, is simulated the performance of the hybrid single shaft engine for various angles of the IGVs. The difference of produced power and specific fuel consumption between the variable angle operation and the fully open IGVs operation is depicted considering hybrid operation with constant TIT and solar-only operation. (slides 17-18)
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens1
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
Laboratory of Thermal TurbomachinesNational Technical University of Athens
C. KalathakisPh.D. Student
Î. AretakisAssistant Professor
Î. RoumeliotisAssistant Professor
Î. MathioudakisProfessor
Î. AlexiouSenior Researcher
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens2
Hybridization
Solar Steam Turbine
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
o Performance Simulation â Annual Performance
o Cost of Electricity Production
o Effect of Design Parameters
o Effect of Operational Parameters
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens3
HYBRIDIZATION
USUAL CONFIGURATION
SOLAR THERMAL CONFIGURATION
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens4
Hybridization
Solar Steam Turbine
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
o Performance Simulation â Annual Performance
o Cost of Electricity Production
o Effect of Design Parameters
o Effect of Operational Parameters
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens5
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens6
P = 45.7 MW
Wsteam = 53.5 kg/s
Tsteam = 385 oC
Psteam = 48.5 bar
WHTF = 346.5 kg/s
THTF = 400 oC
Tpinch = 7 oC
Tapproach = 3 oC
DNI = 600 W/m2
Solar Steam Turbine
WHTF ~ DNI
Psteam = constant
Wsteam â Sat. Steam @Evaporator
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens7
Solar Steam Turbine Performance
0
40
80
120
P/P
des
ign
[%]
0
40
80
120
W/W
des
ign[%
]
Water/Steam
HTF
80
90
100
110
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
T/T
des
ign[%
]
DNI/DNIdesign [%]
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens8
Hybridization
Solar Steam Turbine
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
o Performance Simulation â Annual Performance
o Cost of Electricity Production
o Effect of Design Parameters
o Effect of Operational Parameters
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens9
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens10
P = 5 MW
ĎC = 10
TIT = 1000 oC
Wf=0 @600W/m2
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens11
Hybrid Gas Turbines Annual Performance Comparisson
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
âE [%] âFuel [%] âeff_f [%] fsol [%]
Dif
fere
nce
[%
]
Single Shaft
Twin Shaft
TIT = 1000 oC
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens12
Hybridization
Solar Steam Turbine
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
o Performance Simulation â Annual Performance
o Cost of Electricity Production
o Effect of Design Parameters
o Effect of Operational Parameters
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens13
Cost of Electricity Production
-40-20
020406080
100120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
âL
EC
[%
]
USD/MBTU
Current Cost75% Current Cost50% Current Cost25% Current Cost
(EUR/MWh)(6.1)(0.0) (3.1) (9.2) (12.3) (15.4) (18.4)
Bloomberg 21/02/2014Bloomberg 31/03/2016
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
âL
EC
[%
]
EUR/t_CO2
2 USD/MBTU
Bloomberg 31/03/2016
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens14
Hybridization
Solar Steam Turbine
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
o Performance Simulation â Annual Performance
o Cost of Electricity Production
o Effect of Design Parameters
o Effect of Operational Parameters
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens15
Number of Mirrors Effect on Annual Performance of Hybrid Single Shaft Gas Turbine
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Dif
fere
nce
[%
]
Number of mirrors
âEâFuelâeff_ffsol
600
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens16
Hybridization
Solar Steam Turbine
Solar Hybrid Gas Turbines
o Performance Simulation â Annual Performance
o Cost of Electricity Production
o Effect of Design Parameters
o Effect of Operational Parameters
STUDY OF SOLAR GAS AND STEAM TURBINES PERFORMANCE
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens17
Compressor Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) for Operation Control
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens18
Effect of IGVs on Performance of Hybrid Single Shaft Gas Turbine
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0D
iffe
ren
ce [
%] âP
âsfc 4.66 MW
HY
BR
ID
OP
ER
AT
ION
SO
LA
R
OP
ER
AT
ION
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
âP
[%
]
a = IGV angle
DNI = 50%DNIdesign
Wair,C,(a)/Wair,(a=0) = 1+1%¡(a)Ρis,C,(a)/Ρis,C,(a=0) = 1-0.01%¡(a)2
1.53 MW
+4.6%
-15
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens19
Summary â Conclusions
⢠Solar Thermal configurations of steam and gas turbines have been
demonstrated and studied
⢠Ability of modelling and performance simulation
⢠Effect of design parameters
o Single shaft gas turbine shows better performance
o Number of mirrors above which the performance is not affected
⢠Effect of operation parameters
o Depending on the type of operation, inlet guide vanes: â sfc or â P
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINES NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Study of Solar Gas and Steam Turbines Performance1st Energy Tech Forum, April 1st
, 2016, Athens20
THANK YOU
Laboratory of Thermal Turbomachines
National Technical University of Athens