SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. b. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. d. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta). e. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. f. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Center of a trade network – Africa, Europe, Asia

“Silk Roads” – spices, silks, and other goods

Nomad groups – Bedouins

City in Western Arabian Peninsula

Home of Ka’aba (Kah-buh) – house of worship

Jews and Christians had lived there many years

Allah – Arabic name for God Muhammad – 570 A.D. (C.E.) born

Angel Gabriel spoke to him Muhammad believed it was Allah Muhammad believed he was the last

prophet of Allah

Arabic words Islam – submission

to the will of Allah Muslim – one who

has submitted People in Mecca

fear Muhammad’s teachings

Hijrah (hih-jee-ruh) – Migration of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib)

630 – Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca

The Spread of Islam: World History Atlas Through military conquest Through trade later What were the roads called? Silk Roads! Spices, incense, perfumes, precious

metals, ivory, silk

Faith – belief in one God

Prayer – 5 times a day

Alms – giving to poor Fasting – Ramadan,

fast between dawn and sunset

Pilgrimage (Hajj) – travel to Mecca! If capable!

Treatment of conquered people was not horrible.

Allowed Christians and Jews to practice their religion – they paid a tax

Caliph (successor) – 4 people between Muhammad’s death and the split in Islam

661 – Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law assassinated

Umayyad – come to power and move capital

SUNNI SHI’A

4 caliphs were rightly guided

Muslim rulers should follow Muhammad’s example, called Sunna

Claim that Shi’a distort passages in the Qur’an (Koran)

Ali should have succeeded Muhammad

Muslim rulers should be descendants of Muhammad

Claim that Sunni distort passages in the Qur’an

Baghdad (city) - Abbasid Empire

Islamic scholars collect the knowledge of Greece, India, Persia

The Thousand and One Nights (Ever heard of Aladdin?!)

Calligraphy – Islamic art flourishes

Ibn Sina - 100 papers make up his Canon of Medicine – pharmacological studies of properties of new medicines.

Ibn Battuta – traveled nearly 75,000 miles in lifetime. Rihla – The Journey – documents his travels to places in the Muslim world

11th, 12th, 13th Century military campaigns of Christians against Muslims

East - Byzantine Empire (Christians) live in Holy Land against Seljuk Turks

West – Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) 1085 expel Moors (Muslims from North Africa)

Alexios I (Byzantine) calls for aid to Pope Urban II (Rome) – old buddies, new problems…

1096 CE (AD) send armies to re-conquer Holy Land

Christians take Holy Land – slaughter many people living there

#2 – Defending from advancing Muslim armies

#3 – Saladin defeats Christian armies

#4 – Western Christians attack Constantinople…ooops?

#5 – Not much going on

# 6 – Frederick II Holy Roman Empire (modern day Germany) takes control of Jerusalem through treaties

# 7 – French Kings, failure

# 8 – Nothing… # 9 – Christians

forced from Levant

Central Government becomes more important than Papacy (the Pope and Church)

Islamic learning transferred to Western Europe Art, science leads to Renaissance in Europe

(eventually) Increased trade with Asia, use of Roads from

Roman era This trade through Silk Roads leads to need for

exploration after Silk Roads close