British HistoryBritish History

( origins – 1066 CE)( origins – 1066 CE)

Fabio PesaresiFabio Pesaresi

Beaker cultureBeaker culture

►Arrived 2500 BCEArrived 2500 BCE

► introduced food and drinks vessels of introduced food and drinks vessels of clayclay

► built megalithic monuments built megalithic monuments (Stonehenge, Avebury)(Stonehenge, Avebury)

StonehengeStonehenge

CeltsCelts(around 700 BCE)(around 700 BCE)

► Iron instead of BronzeIron instead of Bronze

►Skilled craftsmen Skilled craftsmen

►DruidsDruids

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar(55 BCE)(55 BCE)

Roman occupationRoman occupation

►Claudius (41-54 CE)Claudius (41-54 CE)

►Hadrian (76-138 CE) builds the wall Hadrian (76-138 CE) builds the wall against raiders from the northagainst raiders from the north

Hadrian’s WallHadrian’s Wall

Roman BritainRoman Britain

►Roads & bathsRoads & baths

►Cities (London, Manchester, York, Bath)Cities (London, Manchester, York, Bath)

►Mining (silver)Mining (silver)

►Urban CultureUrban Culture

NONO

languagelanguage

NONO

ChristianityChristianity

ToponymsToponyms

CASTRACASTRA

-chester, -caster-chester, -caster

Manchester , Doncaster, ChesterManchester , Doncaster, Chester

Bath Bath (Aquae Sulis)(Aquae Sulis)

409409

The Romans leave BritainThe Romans leave Britain

no more military defense

no more administratio

n

no more stable economy

King ArthurKing Arthur

►FictionalFictional

►Represents the end of the Celtic worldRepresents the end of the Celtic world

Germanic TribesGermanic Tribes

► AnglesAngles

► SaxonsSaxons

► JutesJutes

The HeptarchyThe Heptarchy

Sutton HooSutton Hoo(discovered 1939(discovered 1939

ToponymsToponyms

► - ing (= folk) - ing (= folk) Reading Reading

► - ham (= farm) - ham (= farm) Birmingham Birmingham

► - ton (= settlement) - ton (= settlement) Southampton Southampton

ChristianizationChristianization

St. Augustine (597) St. Augustine (597)

first Primate of first Primate of CanterburyCanterbury

&&

Irish monksIrish monks

Celtic ChristianityCeltic Christianity

► based in monasteriesbased in monasteries

► Abbots instead of BishopsAbbots instead of Bishops

► more independent from more independent from

RomeRome

Book of KellsBook of Kells(800 ca.)(800 ca.)

Roman ChurchRoman Church

► established parishesestablished parishes

► built churches all over Englandbuilt churches all over England

Viking raidsViking raids

► 865 - “Great Army” 865 - “Great Army”

► by 875 only Wessex by 875 only Wessex is Anglo-Saxon. is Anglo-Saxon.

► 878 - the Vikings 878 - the Vikings attack Wessex and attack Wessex and king Alfred flees to king Alfred flees to the Somerset the Somerset marshes. marshes.

King Alfred the GreatKing Alfred the Great(871-899)(871-899)

► fought the Vikingsfought the Vikings

► built a fleetbuilt a fleet

► assembled Anglo-Saxon lawsassembled Anglo-Saxon laws

► promoted education and scholarshippromoted education and scholarship

► translated Latin works into Anglo-Saxontranslated Latin works into Anglo-Saxon

► encouraged the encouraged the Anglo-Saxon ChronicleAnglo-Saxon Chronicle (till (till 1154)1154)

►Ethelred (d. 1016) pays the Danish Ethelred (d. 1016) pays the Danish MoneyMoney(Danegeld)(Danegeld)

►Canute (1016-1035)Canute (1016-1035)elected king by the ‘witan’ (royal elected king by the ‘witan’ (royal council)council)

Edward the ConfessorEdward the Confessor(1042-1066)(1042-1066)

► saintly lifesaintly life

►Built Westminster AbbeyBuilt Westminster Abbey