sspen chapter 02 fb.pdf

8/14/2019 Sspen Chapter 02 Fb.pdf

1/15

XVXTM EFH XVEB FATFH ^ LC@MTCRV

MHA_FLLCIM @MTYARK

Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavfllcim @mtyark

^ A Baz 3?94

Efddlmtay`, HC

6=4?3%3?94

]XC

xflvmrg?Nehjxf.hae

Xflvmr G. J. Ga`mx

Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavf#cim @mtyark 3


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TCBLM AO H A@TM@ TX

Tjm }ltfectm icem c`d tjm racd ta ha`vmrim`hm 4Jay fx ha`vmrim`hm ec`fomxtmd1 9

Yj cxx}em tjct mhavf#cimx yf#ha`vmrim1 6

Hamval}tfa` rmxa}rhm xjcrfì f` tjm ha`vmrim`hm 3>

Tjm ralm ao tjmemx c`d ha`tmzt 3>

Tjm x}rvfvcl ao hamval}tfa` f` c hae~mtftfvm yarld 33

Lfom vfmymd cx fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì 32

Rmomrm`hmx 3=



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HJC^TMR FFHa`vmrim`t Xxtmefh Tmlmalai

Xflvmr G. J. Ga`mx2>>:

Ha~rfijt 2>>2 b Xflvmr *G. J.& Ga`mx. Cll rfijtx, mlmhtra`fh, e}ltfemdfc, c`d ~rf`t, rmxmrvmd. C ~}blf%hctfa` ao XX^M@ % Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavfllcim @mtyark.

Oar earm tjc` c hm`t}r tjm xmh}lcr ymxtmr` f`d}xtrfclfwmd `ctfa`x ao a}r ~lc`mt jcvm bmm` daef`ctmd btjm Dcryf`fc` ~crcdfie ao mval}tfa`. Tjm arfif`cl yark ao Dcryf` c~~lfmd x~mhfofhcll ta bfalai, b}t jfxabxmrvctfa`x ao ct}rm jcvm bmm` mztm`dmd f`ta c` m`tfrm yarld vfmy ao cll ao rmclft. Dcryf`x vfmy ao`ct}rm fx a`m ao c hald r}tjlmxx echjf`m. F`dfvfd}cl aric`fxex crm f`val}`tcrfl ctaefwmd f`ta lfvmx ao f`%dm~m`dm`t xtr}iilm oar x}rvfvcl. Tjm xxtmefh, xebfatfh, c`d ha`vmrim`t ~rf`hf~lmx clxa oa}`d f` bfalaicxx}em x}bardf`ctm ralmx f` tjfx yarld vfmy. Tjm x}rvfvcl ao tjm ofttmxt tjmem ao Dcryf`fc` mval}tfa` fxày tjm ~rmdaef`ctm tjmem yjfhj xtr}ht}rmx a}r xahfmt, a}r mhaàe, a}r trc`x`ctfa`cl har~arctfa`x,

c`d a}r ms}ft ecrkmtx.

Oart}`ctml cx ym c~~rachjmd tjm t}r` ao tjm hm`t}r `my rmxmcrhj f` crtfofhfcl lfom, memrim`hm, xmlo%aric`fwctfa`, mval}tfa`cr hae~}tctfa`, c`d d`cefhcl `mtyarkx bmic` ta rmvmcl c `my vfmy ao bfalaic`d ftx rmlctfa`xjf~ ta ec`x ay` hahrmctfvm tmhjàlaifhcl mooartx. Tjfx vfmy dfoomrx ha`xfdmrcbl oraeDcryf`x arfif`cl abxmrvctfa`x. Tjm oallayfì xtctmem`t b Xalm, Hc`hja, Ea`tac, c`d _clvmrdm m`hc~%x}lctmx tjfx `my ~mrx~mhtfvm [3U7

Tjm jmtmraim`ma}x hjcrchtmr ao eaxt hae~lmz bfalaifhcl `mtyarkx rmvmclx c x}r~rfxfì mzce~lm ao ha`%vmrim`hm. F` mval}tfa` tjmar, ha`vmrim`hm rmomrx *yftjf` tjm mhalaifhcl ha`tmzt& ta tjm abxmrvctfa` tjctaric`fxex lfvfì f` xfeflcr jcbftctx rmxmeblm mchj atjmr f` a}tycrd c~~mcrc`hm. Tjmxm xfeflcr laakfìaric`fxex ec, jaymvmr, jcvm s}ftm dfoomrm`t mval}tfa`cr arfif`x. Ha`vmrim`t mval}tfa` tckmx ~lchm ctvmr dfoomrm`t lmvmlx, orae aric`fxex ta ealmh}lmx, c`d jmrm ym ~ra~axm tjm fdmc tjct c `my t~m ao ha`%

vmrim`t mval}tfa`cr d`cefhx efijt bm ct yark }`dmrlfì c vmr yfdm hlcxx ao batj `ct}rcl c`d crtfof%hfcl xxtmex.

Tjm jarrfofh ~mrxmh}tfa` fòlfhtmd b tjm Hctjalfh Hj}rhj a` tjaxm f`valvmd f` xhfm`tfofh dfxhavmr d}rfìc lcrim ~artfa` tjm ~cxt efllm``f}e, jcx lmot laì lcxtfì xhcrx a` tjm xhfm`tfofh haee}`ft. Ym xmm tjfxec`fomxtmd f` tjm xhfm`tfofh haee}`ftx }`yfllfì`mxx ta mebrchm c` oare ao tmlmalai, a ecttmr jayocr rmeavmd orae tjm arfif`cl rmlfifa}x vfmyx ao tjm Hctjalfh Hj}rhj.

Ym bmlfmvm tjct c `my m`lfijtm`md oare ao ha`vmrim`hm c`d tmlmalai yfll jcvm c vmr fe~artc`t ralm ta~lc f` tjm xhfm`hm ao tjm `my efllm``f}e. Tjm `my oarex aoha`vmrim`hm c`d tmlmalai yfll bm lmd b tjmxhfm`tfofh haee}`ft, a`hm tjm xhfm`tfofh haee}`ft fx cblm ta tjray aoo tjm hallmhtfvm rmxm tem`t ft jcx



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jcrbarmd taycrdx tjm rmlfifa}x haee}`ft oar cll tjmxm mcrx. Oar c `}ebmr ao hm`t}rfmx xhfm`hm jcxxj}``md c`d hrftfhfwmd tjm tmlmalai aoomrmd b tjmalai. Tjm lmvml ao xtct}x tjct xhfm`hm jcx chjfmvmd jcxcllaymd ft ta rm~lchmd rmlfifa` cx tjm yarld eadml ao rmclft. Yftj tjfx mlmvctmd xtct}x haemx irmct rm%x~a`xfbflft. Ft fx ày tfem oar xhfm`hm ta bm earm tjc` c hrftfh. Hrftfhfxe fx e}hj mcxfmr tjc` aoomrfì c`cltmr`ctfvm ~crcdfie f` yjfhj c tr}l xhfm`tfofh tmlmalai fx o}ll mz~lfhctmd ta rm~lchm tjm mcrlfmr c`d fe%ect}rm tjmalaifhcl tmlmalai. Ym hc` clrmcd xmm tjm bracdmxt a}tlf`m ao tjfx `my tmlmalai. Tjm `my tmlm%

alai yfll bm e}ltfhc}xcl cx a~~axmd ta eaàhc}xcl, c`d ft yfll f`hl}dm c e}hj lcrimr }ebmr ao dmirmmxao ormmdae oar f`dfvfd}cl f`tmllfim`t lfom oarex ta cht cx hahrmctarx ao tjm }`fvmrxm. Tjm hjcllmìm jcxbmm` fxx}md# A}r x}rvfvcl cx mvalvfì f`tmllfim`t lfom oarex fx }`da}btmdl ct xtckm. Yfll tjm xhfm`hmx xtm~}~ ta tjm ~lctm c`d dmlfvmr, ar yfll tjm ha`tf`}m ta jfdm bmjf`d c hlack, dfoomrm`tfctfì tjmexmlvmx oraetjmalai b cbxtcf`fì orae ~crtfhf~ctfì f` tjm irmctmxt ao cll s}mxtx. Ct lmcxt tjmalaifc`x jcd tjm ha}r%cim ta cttme~t tjfx s}mxt. Tjmfr a`l oc}lt ycx àt rmhai`fwfì c`d chhm~tfì tjm vcl}m ao tjm `my taalxtjct xhfm`hm ycx cblm ta brfì ta tjfx mooart. Tr}m xhfm`hm hc` àt bm ha`tm`t ta xtm~ bchk orae tjfx hjcl%lmìm, xft a` tjm xfdmlf`m, hrftfhfwfì tjm mooartx ao atjmrx, c`d aoomr à fe~ravmd ar earm hae~rmjm`xfvmcltmr`ctfvm mz~lc`ctfa`, fo xhfm`hm fx tr}l tjm }ltfectm oare ao tjm ~}rx}ft ao kàylmdim. Tjm ha`tf`}fì`mmd oar tjmalaifhcl mz~lc`ctfa`x, dmea`xtrctmx tjm vch}}e lmot ct tjm harm ao a}r h}rrm`t xjcday ao ctr}m hae~rmjm`xfvm xhfm`hm.Ym omml tjct tjfx t~m ao ~crcdfie xjfot fx mxxm`tfcl fo ym crm ta ia a` cx c ~ma~lm ta hrcot c laì%tmre x}x%

tcf`cblm hfvflfwctfa`, c`d ym xjcll jmrm cttme~t ta dfxh}xx xaem ao tjm ~raoa}`d hjcìmx ym tjf`k hc` tckm~lchm f` a}r xahfmt b cda~tfì tjfx my xhfm`tfofh tmlmalai yarld vfmy.

Oar c brfmo eaem`t f` tfem lmt }x rmeavm a}r ha`xhfa}x`mxx orae a}r dcfl ~lc`mtcr mzfxtm`hm, c`d ~lchma}rxmlvmx a}t f`ta tjm vcxt dfem`xfa`x ao f`tmriclchtfh x~chm. Jcvfì da`m tjfx, lmt }x laak bchk }~a` tjmdc ta dc ~rahmxx ao lfom a` a}r `ctfvm ~lc`mt. Yjct fx lfom1 Lmt }x laak ct lfom orae tjm ~mrx~mhtfvm ao cxxtmefh icem, c`d tjm` cxk a}rxmlvmx yjct fx tjm iacl ao tjfx icem1 Ym e}xt cxk a}rxmlvmx, hc` a`m yf`ct tjfx icem, c`d jay hc` ym kày yjm` ym jcvm tr}l ya`1 C`xymrfì tjmxm s}mxtfa`x fx àt c` mcxtcxk, bmhc}xm lfom fx c hae~lmz icem xtr}ht}rm yftj ec` lmvmlx ao f`tmr`clfwmd x}~mr%mebmddmd x}b%icemx. Xm~crctfì tjm x}b%icemx orae tjm }ltfectm icem, fx tjm }ltfectm hjcllmìm ao a}r lfvmx f` tjfx}`fvmrxm. Cll lfom tjra}ija}t tjm }`fvmrxm fx }`ftmd b tjm hjcllmìm ta c`xymr tjmxm s}mxtfa`x.

Tjm }ltfectm icem c`d tjm racd ta ha`vmrim`hmTjm }ltfectm icem fx }`fvmrxcl c`d }`ftmx }x cll, à ecttmr yjct iclcz, yjct xtcr, yjct ~lc`mt, yjctha`tf`m`t, yjct `ctfa`, yjct mtj`fh ira}~, ar yjct h}lt}rcl c`d ~alftfhcl xxtme ym of`d a}rxmlvmx x}x%~m`dmd yftjf`. Tjm iacl ar tmlmalai ao tjm }`fvmrxcl c`d tjm }ltfectm icem fx }`fvmrxcl cycrm`mxx,c`d tjfx fx cttcf`md tjra}ij tjm ~rahmxx ao }`fvmrxm cxhm`xfa`. Tjfx ~rahmxx fx batj xxtmefh c`d ha`%vmrim`t. Ft fx xxtmefh bmhc}xm ym cll `mmd mchj atjmr ta imt tjmrm, bmhc}xm tjm ~rahmxx fx g}xt ta feem`xmoar c` ao }x ta chjfmvm ft a` a}r ay`. Ft fx ha`vmrim`t bmhc}xm cltja}ij ym ec xtcrt orae vmr dfoomrm`thfrh}extc`hmx, f` tjm m`d, a}r dfoomrm`t ~ctjx e}xt ha`vmrim }~a` tjm xcem }`fvmrxcl cttrchtar bcxf` f`tjm oare ao }`fvmrxcl cycrm mxx. Tjm x}bardf`ctm x}b%icemx aotm` tm`d ta xm~crctm }x, c`d ta eckm }xtjf`k a}r iaclx c`d a}r abgmhtfvmx crm dfoomrm`t. F ce c ha`xmrvctfvm. Va} crm c lfbmrcl. F ce ymcltj. Va}crm ~aar. Bmhaefì trc~~md f` tjm x}b%icemx fx tjm }ltfectm fll}xfa`, c`d tjfx jcx bmm` cddrmxxmd f` tjmarfif`cl f`tm`t ao cll tjm irmct x~frft}cl tmchjfì f` a}r yarld. Xm~crctfa` ctaefwmx }x c`d eckmx }x tjf`k

tjct ym crm cll iafì f` dfoomrm`t dfrmhtfa`x, yjm` f` ocht tjmrm fx b}t a`m dfrmhtfa` yftj ec` ~ctjx ha`%vmrifì taycrdx ft % tjm aemic ~af`t ao }`fvmrxcl cycrm`mxx. Xahfmtfmx yjfhj crm àt oa}`dmd }~a` c`dx}xtcf`md b x}hj c vfxfa`, crm fll}xar c`d tme~arcr. Fo a}r xahfmtfmx da àt ~ravfdm tjfx xm`xm ao xx%tmefh f`tmrha``mhtfvft c`d ha`vmrim`hm taycrd tjm xcem abgmhtfvmx, tjm crm àt xmrvfì }x ymll, c`dtjm yfll f`mvftcbl bmhaem mztf`ht. Cltja}ij ft ec bm dfoofh}lt ta xmm ft ct a}r h}rrm`t xtcim ao dmvmla~%em`t, bfalai, lfom, c`d ha`xhfa}x`mxx crm c xxtmefh c`d ha`vmrim`t ~rahmxx yftjf` tjm }`fvmrxm. Ha`%xhfa}x`mxx fx tjm ~rahmxx b yjfhj tjm }`fvmrxm bmhaemx cycrm ao ftxmlo, c`d f` tjfx ~rahmxx ym clxahahrmctm tjm }`fvmrxm. C jfijmr lmvml ao ha`xhfa}x`mxx ~ravfdmd tjfx }`fvmrxcl crm`c oar }x, c`d ecdm tjfxcrm`c hc~cblm ao x}~~artfì mvalvfì ha`xhfa}x lfom oarex. Cx lfom irayx c`d cdvc`hmx, tjm màreft aotjm `ct}rm ao tjm icem ym crm x}x~m`dmd yftjf`, bmif`x ta ircd}cll xf`k f`. Tjm x}b%icemx, a`hm tja}ijt



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ta bm xa fe~artc`t f` dmof`fì a}rxmlvmx, ocll b tjm ycxfdm. Yjct a`hm xmmemd xa fe~artc`t, ày xmmexxa trfvfcl, xmlo%f`valvmd, c`d }`yartj ao a}r cttm`tfa`. Ym ày xmm tjct ym crm cll a` tjm xcem tmce. Foym crm cll a` tjm xcem tmce, tjmrm hc` bm à yf``mrx c`d laxmrx. Tjm a`l tr}m vfhtar fx tjm a`m f`yjfhj ym crm cll vfhtarfa}x#

Tjm mrc ao hae~mtftfa`, yftj ftx ha`tf`}cl meatfa`cl jfijx c`d layx, fll}xar vfhtarfmx c`d dmomctx, tjmjfxtarfhcl trcfl ao vfhtfex c`d hcr`cim, c`d tjm màrea}x ycxtm ao m`mri c`d rmxa}rhmx ifvm` avmr tatjmxm ~}rx}ftx, ày xmmex lfkm c dcrk cim, c`d ym ya`dmr jay ym mvmr oa}`d vcl}m f` ft.Hae~mtftfa` damx àt dfxc~~mcr orae tjm }`fvmrxm, b}t ày ft fx oah}xmd a` c earm ha`xtr}htfvm c`d cearm ha`vmrim`t tmlmalai % tjm ha`vmrim`t cxhm`xfa` ao cll lfom f` tjm }`fvmrxm. Ym crm à laìmr hae%~mtfì cx dfvfdmd tmcex. Ym crm hae~mtfì cx a`m tmce }`ftmd f` hae~mtftfa` yftj tjm }`fvmrxm ftxmlo. Tjfxfx tjm rmcl hjcllmìm bmoarm }x# Tjfx jalairc~jfh crm`c ym rmomr ta cx tjm }`fvmrxm, yfll ha`tf`}m ta hjcl%lmìm }x ta mztm`d tjm brmcdtj c`d dm~tj ao a}r }`dmrxtc`dfì ao tjm }`fvmrxmx xha~m c`d ~}r~axm. Ft yfllhjcllmìm }x ta eavm mvmr dmm~mr f`ta tjm emtjadx ao ftx ha`xtr}htfa` c`d d`cefhx, c`d bmhka` }x mvmro}rtjmr orae a}r ~af`t ao arfif` f`ta tjm vcxt rmchjmx ao ftx hrmctfa`. Fo ft ymrm àt oar tjm ~rairmxxfa` aotfem, yjfhj x~rmcdx a}t tjm dmec`dx c`d hjcllmìmx ~lchmd }~a` }x b tjfx ~rm%mzfxtm`t c`d ha`tf`}cllmvalvfì rmclft, ym ya}ld x}rml bm avmryjmlemd. Tjm ircd}ctmd c`d cxe~tatfh ct}rm ao tjfx cxhm`xfa`tjra}ij tfem fx cbxal}tml f`mvftcblm % yjm` tjmrm mzfxtx x}hj c vcxt dfoomrm`tfcl ao f`tmllfim`hm bmtymm`

mvalvfì lfom oarex c`d }`fvmrxm dmxfi` f`tmllfim`hm.Oar tjm ofrxt tfem ym xmm hlmcrl yjct tjm tr}m yark fx, c`d ym mz~mrfm`hm tjm }`x}r~cxxmd ga ao kàyfìtjct ym crm àt cla`m f` tjfx feem`xm }`dmrtckfì. Tjfx màrea}x xebfatfh tmce ta yjfhj ym bmlaìec bm x~rmcd chraxx tjm m`tfrm }`fvmrxm, b}t bmhc}xm ym ày rmclfwm tjct ym crm cll }`ftmd, ym kày ymxjcll àt bm dmomctmd c`d tjct vfhtar fx cxx}rmd. @atjfì hc` xta~ }x ày tjct ym kày ym crm a`m# Vmxe}hj yark rmecf`x, c`d tjm hjcllmìmx crm màrea}x, b}t vfhtar fx ày cxx}rmd, bmhc}xm a}r m`mrifmxcrm à laìmr dfvfdmd c`d xmt a`m cicf`xt tjm atjmr. Tjfx `mim`tra~fh c`d }`ftmd `mtyark ao irayfìcycrm`mxx hc`àt bm tjycrtmd. Ft yfll tckm tfem oar }x ta cxxfeflctm c`d ~rahmxx tjm vcxt mz~lfhctfa` aof`tmllfim`hm ym yft`mxx cll cra}`d }x. Ym crm ày lfkm c ecxxfvm xe~ja` x~rmcdfì chraxx tjm }`f%vmrxm. Tjm x~frft}cl ofrm ao hahrmctfa` jcx bmi}`, c`d mchj c`d mvmr a`m ao }x fx c e}xfhfc` f` tjfxarhjmxtrc ao m`lfijtmèm`t.

Tjm rmclft ao xxtmefh ha`vmrim`hm f` a}r }`fvmrxm fx àt lfeftmd ta mvalvfì f`tmllfim`t lfom oarex, lfkm

a}rxmlvmx, ft clxa f`valvmx tjm ha`vmrim`hm ao batj }`fvmrxm dmxfi` lmvml f`tmllfim`hm c`d mvalvfì f`tmllf%im`hm, bmhc}xm tjm avmrcll ~rahmxx f` a`m aoha%ha`vmrim`hm. Dmxfi` lmvml f`tmllfim`hm `mmdx }x bmhc}xmym crm tjm eaxt mzs}fxftm oare ao ommdbchk xm`xarx mvmr dmvmla~md. A}r mvmr tja}ijt, meatfa`, c`d ch%tfa` f`dfvfd}cll c`d hallmhtfvml fòarex }`fvmrxm dmxfi` lmvml f`tmllfim`hm cba}t mvmr cx~mht ao tjms}clftctfvm dmtcflx ao }`fvmrxm hrmctfa` c`d mval}tfa`. F` c xmlo%xfeflcr }`fvmrxm c` ~crtfh}lcr lfom mz~lfhc%tfa` mvm`t hc` jcvm c of`ftm bmif``fì.Cll mvalvfì f`tmllfim`hm jcx c of`ftm bmif``fì, b}t tjra}ij tjm~rahmxx ao }`fvmrxm cxhm`xfa` ft cttcf`x c` fòf`ftm ~rairmxxfa`. Lfom yjfhj fx hrmctmd oar tjm ofrxt tfemyftjf` c }`fvmrxm, mvm`t}cll iamx a` ta hrmctm }`fvmrxmx f` c `mvmr m`dfì ~rahmxx ao cxhm`xfa`. Ym bmif`lfom cx c ~rad}ht ao xfe}lctfa`!hrmctfa , c`d ym ~rairmxx ta tjm xtcim ao bmfì tjm xfe}lctarx!hrmctarx. Tjfxfx vmr dfoomrm`t orae tjm aldmr }`fvmrxcl dmxfi` ~crcdfiex, f` yjfhj c eaàhc}xcl Iad fx tja}ijt ta bmc` cbxal}tm xa}rhm ao c}tjarft c`d lcy. F` a}r e}ltfhc}xcl, xmlo%xfeflcr, c`d xmlo%aric`fwfì }`fvmrxm lfombmif`x yftj of`ftm ha`xhfa}x`mxx, b}t ft ~rairmxxmx b tjm ~rahmxx ao cxhm`xfa` ta ha%hrmctarxjf~, c`dmvm`t}cll ta o}ll hrmctarxjf~. F` tjfx yfdm a~m`, }`ba}`dmd, e}ltfhc}xcl, xxtmefh, c`d xmlo%aric`fwfì

e}ltfvmrxm, ym crm cll batj xt}dm`tx c`d tmchjmrx ct mvmr lmvml ao mzfxtm`hm. Tjm octjmr hrmctmx tjm xa`;tjm xa` lmcr`x orae tjm octjmr; tjm octjmr lmcr`x orae tjm xa`. Tjm xa` iamx a` ta bmhaem c octjmr yja~rahrmctmx mt càtjmr xa`. Tjm hhlm `mvmr rmt}r`x ta ftx xtcrtfì ~lchm. Mchj `my t}r` ao tjm jmlfz hrmctmxc `my xmlo%xfeflcr hhlm, c hhlm tjct fx xfeflcr mt }`fs}m. âtm`tfclx bmhaem mz~lfhctmd. @my tjmar fxoallaymd b xfe}lctfa`, yjfhj fx tjm` oallaymd b mz~mrfem`tctfa`, yjfhj fx oallaymd b rmclfwctfa`,yjfhj fx oallaymd b c rmt}r` ta c `my lmvml ao tjmar oallaymd b c `my lmvml ao rmvmlctfa . Tmlmalai fxàt c xtctfh a`m tfem abgmhtfvm, ft fx c d`cefhcl e}ltf%cttrchtar ~rahmxx yjfhj ha`xtc`tl x}~mrxmdmx ftay` ~rmvfa}x abgmhtfvmx#

Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavf#cim @mtyark =


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X~chm%tfem fx tjm crm`c f` yjfhj tjfx ~rahmxx ao ha`tf`}cl rmvmlctfa` }òaldx. Tjm crm`c f` yjfhj fe~lf%

hctm ~atm`tfclx }òald f`ta mz~lfhctm rmclftfmx, cx a`m haxefh im`mrctfa` rmvmclx ftx f`tmllfim`hm ta c `my

haxefh im`mrctfa`. G}xt cx ym rms}frm tfem ta cxxfeflctm tjm vcxt f`tmllfim`hm xtarmd c`d d`cefhcll dfx%

trfb}tmd f` tjfx }`fvmrxm, ym yfll xaem dc rms}frm tfem ta dfxtrfb}tm a}r f`tmllfim`hm ta tjm mvalvfì lfom

oarex ao a}r ay` hrmctfa`, f` xaem o}t}rm }`fvmrxm ao a}r ay` hrmctfa` c`d mval}tfa`. Tjm ircd}ctmd

xm`xm ao xmlo mxtmme ym chs}frm f` tjm ~rahmxx ao a}r vfhtarfmx f` haf`vm`tfa`!hahrmctfa` fx yjct ~ravfdmx}x yftj tjm ha}rcim, tjm kàylmdim, tjm xkfllx, c`d tjm j}eflft `mmdmd ta mvm`t}cll cttme~t }`fvmrxm

hrmctfa`.

Fo ym crm cll batj xt}dm`tx c`d tmchjmrx f` tjm ~rahmxx ao lfom cxhm`xfa`, tjm` tjm mxxm`hm ao tjm ha`hm~tao Iad e}xt crfxm orae tjm vcxt dfoomrm`tfcl tjct ym mz~mrfm`hm bmtymm` a}rxmlvmx c`d tjm xa}rhm ao tjmmàrea}x xtarmd c`d dfxtrfb}tmd f`tmllfim`hm ym crm lmcr`fì orae. Cx ym cttme~t ta rmvmrxm mìf`mmr tjm}`fvmrxm, ym hc`àt mxhc~m tjm màrea}x xm`xm ao ~rm~crctfa` tjct ym`t f`ta hrmctfì tjm ha`dftfa`x tjctcrm `mhmxxcr oar a}r mzfxtm`hm. Mzfxtfì rmlfifa}x f`xtft}tfa`x xja}ld f` à ec``mr laak }~a` tjfx ~mr%x~mhtfvm cx xaem oare ao dmeatfì ao Iad. @atjfì ha}ld bm o}rtjmr orae a}r f`tm`dmd ~}r~axm# Ym bm%lfmvm tjct tjfx ~crcdfie xtrmìtjm`x, rctjmr tjc` ymckm`x, àt a`l tjm bmlfmvcbflft ao Iad, b}t clxa tjmvfcbflft, c`d tjm cttcf`cbflft ao Iad. Ym jcvm c xcfì jmrm a` mcrtj, tjct a} hc`àt tr}l c~~rmhfctm c~mrxa` }`tfl a} jcvm xtaad f` jfx xjamx, c`d yclkmd day` jfx ~ctj. Jay bmttmr ta kày tjm tr}m emc`fì

ao Iadjaad tjc` ta bmhaem c hrmctar. Yjct atjmr mz~mrfm`hm ha}ld ~axxfbl ms}cl tjm vcl}m ao tjfx mz~m%rfm`hm oar hrmctfì tr}m rmvmrm`hm1 Ym yfll ~rabcbl cttcf` a}r irmctmxt rmvmrm`hm oar yjct ym rmomr ta cxIad, àt ct tjm m`d ao a}r cttcfèm`t ao tjm aemic ~af`t ao a}r ay` mval}tfa` f` tjfx }`fvmrxm, b}trctjmr }~a` tjm hrmctfa` ao a}r ay` }`fvmrxm. Tjmrm oar tjm ofrxt tfem ym yfll tr}l bmif` ta }`dmrxtc`dtjm màrea}x ~rm~crctfa`, xfe}lctfa`, ha}rcim, rmx~a`xfbflft, lavm, c`d ~ctfm`hm tjct crm rms}frmd f`tjm cht ao Iadjaad.

Yjct damx ha`vmrim`t xxtmefh tmlmalai jcvm ta da yftj ~lc`mtcr efhraxahfmtfmx ar mhavfllcimx1 Ymxjcll cttme~t ta cddrmxx tjfx s}mxtfa` f` tjm oallayfì dfxh}xxfa`.

F` c yarld yjmrm xa e}hj ao yjct ha`tralx a}r lfvmx xmmex xa rmeavmd orae }x, c`d yjmrm xa e}hj cba}ta}r lfvmx fx dmtmref`md f` dfxtc`t e}ltf`ctfa`cl har~arctm bacrdraaex, ar f` }`rm~rmxm`tctfvm iavmrèm`tf`xtft}tfa`x xa rmeavmd orae tjm ~ma~lm tjm rm~rmxm`t, c rmt}r` ta xaemtjfì earm f`tfectm, earm lahcl,c`d lmxx orciem`tmd, xmmex vmr c~~mclfì c`d c~~ra~rfctm. Yjct ym `mmd crm xhclmd day` xahfmtfmx, ef%hraxahfmtfmx ar mhavfllcimx, yjmrm a} hc` cht}cll rmchj a}t ~jxfhcll, meatfa`cll, f`tmllmht}cll, c`dx~frft}cll ta ta}hj a}r mfijbar cicf`.

^lc`mtcr mhayaebx crm tjm f`h}bctarx ao mvalvfì lfom f` a}r }`fvmrxm. Tjmxm mhayaebx ahh}r ct, c`drm~rmxm`t, c vmr xfi`fofhc`t t}r`fì ~af`t f` tjm mval}tfa` ao tjm }`fvmrxm. C }`fvmrxm e}xt ofrxt bmif`yftj tjm ~rahmxx ao mz~lfhctfì c ~atm`tfcl fe~lfhctm ardmr f`ta c jalaectrfz eavmem`t yjfhj hcrrfmx tjmfòarectfa` tjm }`fvmrxm yfxjmx ta mz~lfhctm, tjmrmb eckfì ft cvcflcblm ta `my lfom oarex. @my lfomoarex crm batj tjm ~rad}ht ao tjfx jalaectrfz eavmem`t, c`d c lcrim ~artfa` ao tjm ~}r~axm ao ftx mzfx%tm`hm. Lfom x}x~m`dmd yftjf` c }`fvmrxm yftj àtjfì ta mz~mrfm`hm ya}ld bm cbx}rd. Tjm vcxt jfmrcrhjao tjm jalaectrfz eavmem`t x~c`x c lcrim rcìm ao ~jxfhcl dfem`xfa`x orae vmr lcrim }`fvmrxm xtr}h%t}rmx xtcrtfì yftj tmzt}rmx, tjm` eavfì day` ta x}~mrhl}xtmr hae~lmzmx, c`d tjm` ta f`dfvfd}cl x}~mr%hl}xtmrx, ta rfhj hl}xtmrx ao iclczfmx, ta iclcz ira}~x, ta f`dfvfd}cl iclczfmx, ta xtmllcr hl}xtmrx, ta xtmllcrira}~x, c`d tjm` mvm`t}cll day` ta f`dfvfd}cl xalcr xxtmex c`d ~lc`mtx. Ec` ao tjm xtcrx hrmctmd f`

tjmxm xxtmex yfll jcvm ~lc`mtx hc~cblm ao x}~~artfì lfom. Yftja}t tjmxm xtcrx ym ya}ld àt mzfxt. Bfl%lfa`x ao mcrx ao }`fvmrxm mval}tfa` ia f`ta tjm mvm`t}cl crrfvcl f` tjm }`fvmrxm crm`c ao ~lc`mtcr xxtmexhc~cblm ao x}~~artfì lfom. Tjmxm ~lc`mtx ~ravfdm tjm mcrl ~ravfì ira}`dx oar mcrl ealmh}lcr xmlo%aric`fwctfa`, c`d tjm mvm`t}cl à`%vfrt}cl jalaircex ym rmomr ta cx bfalaifhcl aric`fxex. Tjm of`ftm tmlma%laifhcl abgmhtfvm ao tjfx ~rahmxx fx tjm crrfvcl ao eabflm c`d f`tmllfim`t mvalvfì lfom oarex hc~cblm aohae~rmjm`dfì tjm vcxt }`fvmrxm f`ta yjfhj tjm jcvm bmm` bar`. Yftj tjm crrfvcl ao x}hj ~lc`mtx tjm }`f%vmrxm rmchjmx ftx `cdfr, c`d tjm ~rahmxx ao f`tmllfim`t cxhm`xfa` hc` bmif`. Tjm }`fvmrxm fx ày hc~cblm aobmhaefì cycrm ao ftxmlo. Orae tjfx ~af`t oarycrd tjm ~rahmxx ao cxhm`xfa` yfll xymm~ cll lfom taycrd tjmof`cl tmlmalaifhcl }`fvmrxcl cttrchtar, yjfhj ym rmomr ta cx tjm aemic ~af`t ao }`fvmrxm mval}tfa`.

Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavf#cim @mtyark ?


7/15

Lfom oarex crm àt bar` f` fxalctfa`. Tjm crm bar` f`ta haee}`ftfmx yftj dfoomrm`t lmvmlx ao xa~jfxtfhc%tfa`, c`d tjmxm lmvmlx e}xt bm mvalvmd avmr bfllfa`x ao mcrx ao mval}tfa`. Haee}`ft fx c o}`dcem`tclc`d f`trf`xfh cx~mht ao mzfxtm`hm oar tjmxm lfom oarex. Ec` efllfa`x ao mcrx ao laymr lmvmlx ao haee}`ft~rm%mzfxt tjm crrfvcl ao tjm j}ec` lfom oare. Bfalai fx c ha`vmrim`t xxtmefh ~rahmxx ao ardmr b}fldfì}~a` ~rm%mxtcblfxjmd ardmr. Ft fx c` memrim`t ~rahmxx yjfhj f`valvmx àt a`l xaem dmirmm ao dmxfi`, b}tclxa c lcrim dmirmm ao memrim`hm. F` tjfx memrim`hm tjm }`fvmrxm baatxtrc~x ftxmlo f`ta mzfxtm`hm cx ft xm%

lmhtx cltmr`ctfvm ~ctjycx tjra}ij tjm e}hj lcrimr ~jcxm c`d haòfi}rctfa` x~chmx ao cll ~axxfblm haebf%`ctfa`x c`d ~mre}tctfa`x. Ym crm tjm ~crtfcl tmlmalaifhcl ~rad}ht ao tjfx memrim`t ~rahmxx. Ym crm bmfìxtjct crm hc~cblm ao bmfì earm tjc` c x~mhtctarx f` tjfx }`fvmrxm. Ym crm tjm emc`x b yjfhj tjm }`fvmrxmbmhaemx cycrm ao ftxmlo, c`d f` tjm ~rahmxx, ym f`mvftcbl mebmd a}r mxxm`hm yftjf` tjm }`fvmrxm jala%eavmem`t cx ym f`hrmcxfìl tckm a` tjm ralm ao hahrmctarx ao tjm }`fvmrxm. Efllfa`x ao aric`fxe mz~mrf%em`tx ~rmhmdmd tjm mvm`t}cl crrfvcl ao a}r h}rrm`t mcrtj x~mhfmx. A}r hai`ftfvm xxtme fx tjm eaxt cd%vc`hmd ta dctm a` a}r ~lc`mt, c`d fx ~mrjc~x tjm ofrxt xxtme hc~cblm ao hae~rmjm`dfì tjm lcrimr }`f%vmrxm. Ym kày tjfx orae a}r cbflft ta rmvmrxm mìf`mmr tjm }`fvmrxm, orae a}r cbflft ta rmvmrxm mìf`mmrbfalaifhcl c`d im`mtfh xtr}ht}rmx, c`d orae a}r cbflft ta rmha`xtr}ht tjm ~rahmxx ao mval}tfa`. Ym ayjcvm c im`mrcl a}tlf`m ao jay ym iat jmrm, b}t yjm` ft haemx ta }`dmrxtc`dfì yj ym crm jmrm % ymeavm f`ta c e}hj earm tjmarmtfhcl ~rahmxx. F` tjm o}ll`mxx ao tfem ym xjcll jcvm a}r s}mxtfa`x c`xymrmd,b}t oar ày ym e}xt lmcr` ta a~tfefwm a}r moomhtfvm`mxx yjflm yarkfì yftj a`l c f`hae~lmtm xtctm aokàylmdim. Tjm }`fvmrxm fx c vcxt mz~mrfem`t, c`d ft fx f`ha`hmfvcblm tjct ym hc` cbxarb cll ao tjm fòar%

ectfa` tjm }`fvmrxm clrmcd jcx xtarmd c`d fx h}rrm`tl dfxtrfb}tfì ta }x tjra}ij ftx fòrcxtr}ht}rm f` cbrfmo ~mrfad ao tfem. Ft clxa xmmex rcxj ta cxx}em tjct a}r h}rrm`t aric`fxex ya}ld bm x}oofhfm`t ta hae%~rmjm`d cll ao tjm cxhm`dfì lmvmlx ao mz~mrfm`hm `mhmxxcr ta hae~rmjm`d c` m`tfrm }`fvmrxm. Yjct ymcrm cblm ta dfxhmr`, mvm` ct tjfx vmr mcrl xtcim ao a}r mval}tfa`, fx tjct tjm yjalm ~rahmxx xmmex ta xjayxfi`x ao ha`vmrim`hm taycrd xaem }ltfectm abgmhtfvm. Ym xja}ld at xj cyc orae tjfx tmlmalaifhcl hjcl%lmìm, ym xja}ld mebrchm ft, oar ft f`valvmx a}r }ltfectm memrim`t c`d hahrmctfa` dmxtf`. F` c hmrtcf`xm`xm ym yfll bmhaem tjct yjfhj ym m`vfxfa`. @a f`dfvfd}cl, ira}~, xxtme, ar }`fvmrxm dmxfi` lmvml f`%tmllfim`hm yfll cla`m dmtmref`m a}r dmxtf`. Ft fx c xxtmefh, xebfatfh, c`d ct lmcxt c ~crtfcll xmlo%aric`fwfì ~rahmxx f` yjfhj cll ~crtfhf~c`tx ha`trfb}tm. Ym xmme ta bm ha`vmrifì taycrdx xaem oare ao}`fvmrxcl cttrchtar bcxf` ao mt }`kày` arfif`. Ym da àt mt kày tjm of`cl ~jcxm ~ctjycx tjct yfll bmhjaxm` ct mchj ~af`t f` tjfx vcxt }`fvmrxcl ~rahmxx. Yjct ym hc` dfxhmr` fx tjct tjm ~rahmxx xmmex ta bmha`vmrim`t }~a` x}hj c` cttrchtar. Yjm` ym yfllfìl ~crtfhf~ctm f` tjfx ~rahmxx ao ha`vmrim`hm, a}r lfvmxjcvm emc`fì c`d ~}r~axm. Yjm` ym jf`dmr tjfx ~rahmxx, a}r lfvmx dfvmrim orae tjmfr f`tm`dmd ~}r~axm tatjm mztm`t tjct ym abxh}rm c`d ~rmvm`t tjm o}lofllem`t ao tjfx ~}r~axm. Ym da àt jcvm tjm ~aymr ta ~rm%vm`t tjm of`cl ha`vmrim`hm. Ym da jcvm tjm ~aymr ta dmlc tjm mval}tfa` ao tjfx ~rahmxx c`d ~rairmxxfa`f` xaem xecll yc, b ~axftfa`fì a}rxmlvmx f` x}hj c ec``mr tjct ym crm àt f` jcrea` yftj tjm avmrcll~}r~axm ao tjm }`fvmrxm.Fo ym ha`tf`}m ta eckm à`%ha`vmrim`t dmhfxfa`x a` c ha`tf`}cl bcxfx, ym eclaxm a}r rmlmvc`hm yftjf` tjm }`fvmrxm b xmlo mzhl}xfa`. Ircd}ctfa` ta jfijmr lmvmlx ao mz~mrfm`hm fx`mvmr dm`fmd, mzhm~t b a}r ay` xmlo hjaxm` mzhl}xfa`.Rmlctfvm ormm yfll cllayx }x ta mzhl}dm a}rxmlvmxorae tjm o}t}rm jfxtar ao tjm }`fvmrxm fo ym xa hjaaxm. Ym e}xt rmemebmr tjct ym crm tjm a`l a`mxhc~cblm ao dm`fì a}rxmlvmx ircd}ctfa` ta tjm jfijmr lmvmlx ao mz~mrfm`hm.

Jay fx ha`vmrim`hm ec`fomxtmd1Cx ym em`tfa`md f` a}r ~rmvfa}x dfxh}xxfa`, ym xmm ha`vmrim`hm tjra}ija}t tjm bfalaifhcl jfxtar ao a}r

~lc`mt. Ha`vmrim`hm damx at m`d yftj bfalai, ym xmm ft f` jmcltj xahfmtfmx c`d jmcltj hfvflfwctfa`x.^rfar ta tjm fòarectfa` cim, tjm ha`vmrim`hm ao f`dfvfd}clx, xecll ira}~x, c`d vfllcimx ycx dfoofh}lt fotjm ymrm x~rmcd a}t chraxx `ctfa`x c`d ha`tf`m`tx. Tjfx fx à laìmr tr}m d}m ta tjm f`trad}htfa` ao tjmf`tmr`mt, b}t }òart}`ctml ym jcvm jcrdl xhrcthjmd tjm x}rochm ao tjfx ~atm`tfcl oar `mtyark ha`vmrim`hm.E}ltf`ctfa`cl har~arctfa x jcvm bmm` }xfì `mtyarkfì ta tckm cdvc`tcim ao tjm im`mrcl ~a~}lctfa` oar ctlmcxt => mcrx. Dfd a} mvmr ya`dmr jay tjm icf`md x}hj c ~aymro}l cdvc`tcim avmr tjm ~a~}la}x c`dtjm iavmrèm`tx. Ym tjf`k ftx tfem ta bmct har~arctfa`x ct tjmfr ay` icem, c`d yftj tjm f`tmr`mt ym àyjcvm tjm ~aymr ta tckm cdvc`tcim ao tjfx xcem eci`fofhctfa` ao ~aymr }tflfwmd b tjm har~arctfa`x.



8/15

Haee}`ftfmx mxtcblfxjmd cra}`d tjmfr ay` ~rfvctml jmld lc`d, c`d dmvatmd ta aric`fh, xxtmefh, xebf%atfh, c`d laì%tmre x}xtcf`cblm lfvfì, crm clrmcd cjmcd ao tjm ~chk yjm` ft haemx ta o}t}rm x}rvfvcbflft.Jaymvmr ct tjfx tfem mhavfllcimx jcvm lfttlm ~alftfhcl ar mhaàefh hla}t f` c yarld ha`trallmd b lcrime}ltf`ctfa`cl har~arctfa x. E}hj hc` bm da`m ta rmbclc`hm tjfx ha`dftfa` f` ocvar ao tjm im`mrcl ~a~}lc%tfa`. Tjm earm mzfxtfì haee}`ftfmx `mtyark c`d haebf`m tjmfr fòarectfa`, tjmfr mz~mrfm`hm, tjmfr hraxx`mtyark haeemrhm, c`d tjmfr mztrc%`mtyark ~}rhjcxfì ~aymr, tjm earm hla}t tjm icf` f` tjm mt }`m`%

lfijtm`md yarld yjfhj x}rra}`dx tjme. B aric`fwfì tjmfr vatfì ~crtfhf~ctfa` c`d b ~ravfdfì hc`df%dctmx oar aoofhmx, tjm hc` o}rtjmr mz~c`d tjmfr ~alftfhcl hla}t ta tjm ~af`t tjct tjm yfll jcvm ta bm tckm`xmrfa}xl. Mvm` tja}ij tjm f`dfvfd}clx c`d haee}`ftfmx crm xm~crctmd b vcxt dfxtc`hmx imairc~jfhcll,tjm crm rfijt `mzt daar a` tjm f`tmr`mt. C ymb xftm, c b}`hj ao ymb%hcex, c`d xaem tmlmhaòmrm`hfì hc%~cbflft hc` xaa` }`ftm tjme f`ta c hajmxfvm c`d ha`vmrim`t ~aymr xtr}ht}rm tjct e}xt bm rmhai`fwmd.Haee}`ftfmx hc` f`vftm tjm }`m`lfijtm`md yarld ta ~crtfhf~ctm f` xaem cx~mht ao tjmfr haee}`ftfmx cxi}mxtx, c`d ~ravfdm md}hctfa`cl ectmrfclx, i}fdc`hm, c`d f`hm`tfvmx oar atjmrx ta ia a}t c`d mxtcblfxj earmmhavfllcim haee}`ftfmx. Tjmxm haee}`ftfmx e}xt bmhaem jfijl mtyarkmd, yftj tjm f`tm`tfa` ao xaem%dc hrmctfì c hrftfhcl ecxx ao cycrm`mxx.

Ym da àt mt jcvm c` fdmc ao jay ~aymro}l battae%}~ oarex ao aric`fwctfa` hc` bmhaem. ^rfar ta tjmf`tmr`mt, ym jcd à emc`x ta lf`k }~ c`d tmxt battae%}~ xmlo%aric`fwfì eadmlx ao xahfcl aric`fwctfa`. Ymjcvm ec` mzce~lmx ao tjm ~aymr ao ta~%day` `mtyarkfì, tjm c}tjarft eadml, b yjfhj tjm cvmrcim

hftfwm` jcx laxt xa e}hj ao jfx rm~rmxm`tctfa`cl ~aymr f` tjm yarld ta iavmrèm`tx c`d har~arctfa`x. Ymjcvm mt ta xmm tjm ofrm xtare tjct hc` xymm~ chraxx tjfx ~lc`mt yjm` tjm aric`fwfì ~aymr ao tjmbattae%}~ `mtyark tckmx jald vfc tjm f`tmr`mt. Tjm a`l rmcl mzce~lm ym jcvm ao battae%}~ `mtyark%fì fx bfalai, c`d tjct fx c vmr ha`vf`hfì mzce~lm ao tjm ~aymr ~atm`tfcl cvcflcblm ta }x. G}xt cx crtfof%hfcl f`tmllfim`hm rmxmcrhj jcx ~ravfdmd }x yftj vmr ha`vf`hfì mvfdm`hm ao tjm f`jmrm`t ymck`mxx c`dlchk ao rab}xt`mxx ao ta~%day` f`tmllfim`hm xtrctmifmx *àrecl ~rairceefì&, ft jcx earm rmhm`tl ~ra%vfdmd }x yftj ~rmlfef`cr mvfdm`hm ao tjm màrea}x ~atm`tfcl ao battae%}~ f`tmllfim`hm aric fwctfa`, f`tjm oare ao im`mtfh cliarftjex c`d mval}tfa`cr hae~}tctfa , yjmrm xxtmex lmcr`, xmlo%aric`fwm, c`dxmlmhtfvml ectm ar ~cxx a` tjmfr im`mx, ememx, c`d lmcr`fì ta o}t}rm im`mrctfa`x ar tjm h}lt}rm ct lcrim.

A}r bfalaifhcl aric`fxex crm tjm ~rad}htx ao tjfx t~m ao aric`fwctfa , b}t ym jcvm mt ta xmm tjm o}ll ~a%

tm`tfcl ao battae%}~ aric`fwctfa` yjm` }`lmcxjmd yftjf` tjm hallmhtfvm ef`dx ao lf`kmd, xxtmefh, xebf%

atfh, ~lc`mtcr, mhavfllcim mtyarkx *XX^M@&.

Ym jcvm clrmcd xmm` tjm e}ltf`ctfa`cl har~arctfa`x hlfeb tjm mval}tfa`cr oft`mxx lc`dxhc~mx ct tjm ~rfhmao tjm im`mrcl ~}blfh.Jaymvmr tjm har~arctfa`x haebf`md cxxmtx crm xecll hae~crmd ta tjm haebf`md~}rhjcxfì ~aymr ao mcrtjx yjalm ~a~}lctfa`, yjm` tjfx ~aymr fx lf`kmd }~ c`d `mtyarkmd orae tjmbattae%}~, f` c ec``mr xfeflcr ta bfalai. Tjm har~arctfa`x crm àt orfijtm`md ày, bmhc}xm tjm da àttjf`k ym jcvm tjm yfll ta da ft. Ym crm àtjfì earm ta tjme tjc` tjm ~cy`x. Ym crm àtjfì earm ta tjmetjc` c ecrkmt oar tjmfr ~rad}htx, c`d tjm emc`x b yjfhj tjm xmh}rm tjmfr ~raoftx c`d tjmfr ~aymr. Har~a%rctfa`x xmm tjmfr HMAx c`d tjmfr bacrd ao dfrmhtarx cx jaldfì tjm ~aymr, c`d ym crm tjm ~cy`x tjct jcvmà hjafhm b}t ta rmhmfvm tjmfr iaadx c`d xmrvfhmx cx tjm hjaaxm ta aoomr tjme.Jaymvmr fo tjm tcblmx crmt}r`md, c`d ym cx im`mrcl hftfwm`x ao tjfx ~lc`mt aric fwm a}r avmryjmlefì }ebmrx c`d ~aymrx f`tamoomhtfvm, hajmxfvm, ha`vmrim`t `mtyarkx ym yfll bm f` tjm drfvmrx xmt, c`d ym yfll bm tjm hallmhtfvm bacrdao dfrmhtarx. Tjm yfll bm oarhmd ta xmrvm a}r dmxfrmx, a}r vfxfa`x, c`d a}r hallmhtfvm tmlmalaifhcl abgmh%tfvmx rctjmr tjc` tjmfr ay` xmlofxj, xjart tmre, ~raoft eatfvmx. Tr cxkfì c` mzfxtfì har~arctfa` yjcttjmfr laì tmre tmlmalaifhcl abgmhtfvmx crm oar tjm yjalm ~lc`mt. Va} ec of`d tjct bma`d hc~t}rfì ecr%kmt xjcrm, tjm vcl}m ao tjmfr xtahk ~rfhm, c`d m`x}rfì tjmfr ay` x}rvfvcl, tjmrm fx a`l `}ebfì xflm`hm.Yj jcx a}r hallmhtfvm tr}xt bmm` xa cb}xmd1 Yftj tjm cea}`t ao `ct}rcl rmxa}rhmx c`d ea`m tjct jcvmbmm` tjray` ct tjmxm har~arctfa`x, jay fx ft tjct tjm xmme ta jcvm à ha`hmr` oar tjm laì%tmre x}rvfv%cbflft ao tjmfr ~crm`t ~lc`mt c`d tjm ~ma~lm tjct lfvm a` ft1 Tjfx fx c~~cllfì, c`d mt ym chhm~t ft cx fo ftyjmrm c` f`mvftcblm cx~mht ao eadmr` lfom. C` har~arctfa` yjfhj damx àt xjcrm a}r ha`hmr`x cba}t tjmlaì%tmre x}rvfvcbflft ao a}r ~lc`mt fx i}flt ao hrfemx cicf`xt j}ec`ft. Xa ec` ao tjmxm hrfemx crmdfxi}fxmd yftjf` tjm `mvmr dfxh}xxmd crmc ao }~xhclm yjftm hallcr hrfem. A}r h}rrm`t emdfc aric`fwc%tfa`x, yjfhj f` cleaxt mvmr hcxm, crm ay`md b lcrim e}ltf`ctfa`cl har~arctm f`tmrmxtx, jcvm x}hhmxxo}ll

Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavf#cim @mtyark :


9/15

oah}xmd tjm hallmhtfvm ef`d ao tjm ~}blfh a` lay lmvml xtrmmt hrfem. Tjm xhclm ao f`tm`tfa`cl hrfem ct tjmhar~arctm lmvml fx xa ec` ardmrx ao eci`ft}dm bma`d tjm lmvml ao xtrmmt hrfem, tjct c` hae~crfxa` fxtr}l cbx}rd. Vmt ym jmcr c`d kày vmr lfttlm cba}t tjm xhclm c`d orms}m`h ao tjfx màrea}x aric`fwmdhrfem. Tjm lcyx jcvm bmm` xlc`tmd ta ocvar tjm ~ratmhtfa` ao har~arctm f`tmrmxtx. Tjm ha}rtx c`d tjm lcyxjcvm bmm` xtr}ht}rmd f` x}hj c ec``mr tjct ft eckmx ft jcrd ta jald har~arctfa`x rmx~a`xfblm oar tjmfr ch%tfa`x. Ym jcvm ta bmif` b tckm bchk tjm ~aymr ym x}rrm`dmrmd ta tjme. A`hm cicf` a}r c~~rachj fx àt

c`tf%har~arctm. A}r c~~rachj fx tatcll ~ra%har~arctm, b}t yftj m`lfijtm`md ~ma~lm f` tjm drfvmrx xmct. Ymcrm c`tf%tmrrarfxt, c`tf%vfalm`t, c`d ym c~~ravm ao c tatcll à`%vfalm`t, ~ra%Ic`djf xtlm ao fe~lmem`tfìhjcìm. Ym da àt xmmk ta dmxtra ar mlfef`ctm har~arctfa`x, ym xmmk ta j}ec`fwm, mhalaifwm, c`d x~frf%t}clfwm har~arctfa`x, xa tjct tjm bmhaem c ~crt ao tjm lcrimr ~lc`mtcr xebfatfh `mtyark, rctjmr tjc`~crcxftfh m`tftfmx tjct ~rc }~a` ft orae yftjf`. Ym crm àt c`tf%ormm m`tmr~rfxm, àr da ym abgmht ta ~rao%ftx mcr`md f` tjm ~ra~mr ocxjfa`. Ym mebrchm cll oarex ao ~raoft mcr`md tjra}ij xxtmefh c`d xebfatfhyark, c`d ym m`ha}rcim mvmr oare ao f`àvctfa` c`d ~rairmxx yjfhj damx àt m`dcìmr tjm laì%tmrex}rvfvcbflft ao a}r hfvflfwctfa`. ]òart}`ctml ec` har~arctfa`x jcvm bmhaem lfkm tjm hlcxxraae b}ll, ca}ì ec` ~mrjc~x earm ~jxfhcll ect}rm tjc` jfx omllay ~mmrx, yja jcx lmcr`md tjct jm hc` f`tfefdctmcll jfx omllay hlcxxectmx. Tjfx xtrctmi a`l yarkx fo tjm hlcxxectmx rmecf` ctaefwmd, c`d da àt hallmh%tfvml haem ta tjm rmxh}m ao tjmfr omllay hlcxxectmx. A`hm tjm ctaefwctfa` fx brakm`, tjm b}ll jcx laxt jfx~aymr. Ym jcvm tjm hallmhtfvm ~aymr ta brfì tjmxm xahfcll x~aflmd, avmr ~cmd, c`d avmr ~rfvflmimd xa%hfcl b}llfmx f`ta lf`m. Ft fx tfem ta t}r` tjm tfdm c`d tckm bchk a}r ~lc`mt. Ym hc` tckm bchk tjm ~aymr ym

x}rrm`dmrmd, c`d rmicf` tjm ~aymr ta xjc~m a}r ay` dmxtf` yftja}t gma~crdfwfì a}r laì%tmre x}rvfv%cbflft. Har~arctfa`x hc` bm ~}t a` àtfhm tjct fo tjm vfalctm a}r tr}xt f` tjm `my à x~f` cim, tjm yfllxaa` of`d tjmexmlvmx f` tjm hae~axt ~flm ao mztf`ht har~arctfa`x.

Yj cxx}em tjct mhavfllcimx yfll ha`vmrim1Ec` ~ma~lm ec cxk yj ym cxx}em tjct mhavfllcimx yfll bmhaem ha`vmrim`t taycrd xaem haeea`tmlmalaifhcl abgmhtfvm. Ym bmlfmvm tjmrm crm ec` rmcxa`x yj tjfx yfll ahh}r, fo àt f` mvmr hcxm, f` tjmvcxt ecgarft ao hcxmx. Ym yfxj ta xjcrm xaem ao tjmxm rmcxa`x jmrm7

Tjm ocht tjct tjm ~ma~lm yftjf` tjmxm f`dfvfd}cl mhavfllcimx jcvm haem taimtjmr yftjf` tjmfr ay` hae%e}`ftfmx, c`d oah}xmd tjmexmlvmx cra}`d haeea` ~}r~axmx c`d abgmhtfvmx, clrmcd rmvmclx tjmfr }`dmr%xtc`dfì ao tjm ~aymr ao haee}`ft.

Haee}`ftfmx yjfhj jcvm x}hhmmdmd f` lmcr`fì tjm ~aymr ao haee}`ft yftjf` tjmfr ay` mhavfllcimxxja}ld mcxfl bm cblm ta mztrc~alctm tjmxm mz~mrfm`hmx ta lcrimr haee}`ftfmx c`d `mtyarkx. Tjm ~rf`hf%~lmx crm e}hj tjm xcem, mvm` fo e}hj ao tjm haee}`ft yfll bm eavmd f`ta tjm crm`c ao hbmrx~chm vfctjm f`tmr`mt.

Haefì taimtjmr f` lahcl haee}`ftfmx f`hrmcxmx tjm fòarectfa`, tclm`t, mz~mrfm`tfcl ~aal, rmxa}rhmx,c`d ~aymr ao tjm haee}`ft. Hae~lmz xxtmex clycx icf` dmirmmx ao ormmdae f` mzhmxx ao tjm x}e aotjmfr ~crtx, c`d tjmxm `my dmirmmx ao ormmdae hc` bm ~}t ta }xm f` rmicf`fì ha`tral ao a}r ~lc`mt.

F` tmrex ao md}hctfa`, `mtyarkfì ya}ld a`l mztm`d tjm md}hctfa`cl ~rchtfhmx clrmcd iafì a` lahcllta c e}hj lcrimr c}dfm`hm. Tjm ~aymr ao dfxtc`hm lmcr`fì fx g}xt bmif``fì ta x}rochm ày, c`d ftx o}ll~atm`tfcl jcx mt ta bm mzmrhfxmd.

Bmfì cblm ta hcll }~a` tjm mz~mrtfxm ao haee}`ftfmx yjfhj ymrm ~rmvfa}xl bma`d a`mx rmchj, yfllha`xfdmrcbl m`jc`hm c`d hae~lfem`t tjm mzfxtfì xkfllx clrmcd cvcflcblm yftjf` tjm haee}`ft.

Bmfì cblm ta dmvmla~ haee}`cl vatfì c`d haeemrhm blahkx yftjf` tjm lcrimr mhaàefh, ~alftfhcl, c`dhar~arctm yarld yfll rmx}lt f` f`hrmcxmd ~aymr c`d rm~rmxm`tctfa` a` ilabcl xhclmx. ^ragmhtx bma`d tjm mhaàefh xha~m ao c xfìlm ar c omy mhavfllcimx, ha}ld bm ha`xfdmrmd hallmhtfvm

~ragmhtx b c lcrimr `mtyark ao mhavfllcimx. Hallmhtfvm ~}rhjcxfì ao ectmrfclx c`d rmxa}rhmx, e}hj lfkmhar~arctfa`x ày da f` tjmfr x}~~l hjcf` `mtyarkx, hc` rmd}hm tjm haxt ao lcrimr ~ragmhtx. Tjm xjcrfìao f`tmllmht}cl mz~mrtfxm chraxx `mtyarkx clxa ~ravfdmx c` a~~art}`ft oar tjmxm haee}`ftfmx ta tchklmlcrimr ~ragmhtx tjc` ya}ld bm omcxfblm oar f`dfvfd}cl mhavfllcimx ar xecll ira}~x ao mhavfllcimx.

F` cddftfa` ta tjmxm abxmrvctfa`, ym ec bm cblm ta bm`moft orae xaem rmhm`t hae~}tmr xfe}lctfa`x dm%xfi`md ta xt}d rmxa}rhm%xjcrfì, hamval}tfa`, c`d ha`tmzt%~rmxmrvctfa` f` haee}`ft d`cefhx.



10/15

Hamval}tfa` rmxa}rhm xjcrfì f` tjm ha`vmrim`hmYm jcvm dmmemd ha`vmrim`hm ta bm dmxfrcblm f` }`fvmrxm mval}tfa`, xa ym e}xt ày tckm c dmm~mr laakf`ta tjfx ~rahmxx ao ha`vmrim`hm. A`m ao tjm ycx tjct ym eadml mval}tfa` f` hae~}tmr xfe}lctfa`x fx aòft`mxx lc`dxhc~mx. Tjmxm oft`mxx lc`dxhc~mx laak g}xt lfkm imairc~jfhcl tmrrcf`x. Ea}`tcf` ta~x c`d jfijrfdimx rm~rmxm`t jfij dmirmmx ao mval}tfa`cr oft`mxx, tjm rallfì jfllx rm~rmxm`t f`tmremdfctm lmvml ao oft%`mxx, c`d tjm vcllmx rm~rmxm`t tjm laymxt lmvmlx ao oft`mxx. Tjaxm aric`fxex tjct cttcf` tjm jfijmxt ~mckxcrm tjm eaxt moofhfm`t c`d a~tfefwmd ~rad}htx ao mval}tfa`. Tjm jcvm cttcf`md tjm ha`vmrim`t tmlmalaifhclabgmhtfvmx ao mval}tfa`. Aric`fxex yjfhj jcvm bmhaem lahclfwmd f` tjm laymr mlmvctfa` lc`dxhc~m jcvmdmea`xtrctmd tjmfr f`cbflft ta cttcf` tjm jfijmxt dmirmmx ao oft`mxx. Yjct ym jcvm lmcr`md orae tjmxmxfe}lctfa`x fx tjct a`m damx àt yc`t ha`vmrim`hm ta ahh}r ta ~rmect}rml, bmhc}xm tjfx rmx}ltx f` lmxxtjc` a~tfecl oft`mxx. Tjfx jc~~m`x yjm` hl}xtmrx ao aric`fxex xmttlm a` tjm rallfì jfllx. Tjmxm aric`fxehc` mcxfl xmm tjct tjm jcvm rfxm` cbavm tjm vcllmx bmllay, b}t tjm ~rmect}rml tjf`k tjm jcvm cttcf`mdtjm jfijmr oft`mxx ~mckx yjfhj lfm ct atjmr lahctfa`x a` tjm oft`mxx lc`dxhc~m. Tjm jcvm chjfmvmd c lahcla~tfefwctfa`, b}t àt c ilabcl a~tfefwctfa`. A`m emtjad ao ~rmvm`tfì ~rmect}rm ha`vmrim`hm fx ta cddàfxm f`ta tjm xxtme. Tjfx jcx tjm moomht ao kàhkfì aric`fxex ao tjmxm lmxx tjc` a~tfecl jfllx, oarhfìtjme ta mz~larm c lcrimr ~crt ao tjm lc`dxhc~m bmoarm tjm tmref`ctm tjmfr xmcrhj. Ymroml, Efthjmll, c`dHr}thjofmld [2U jcvm xjay` tjct tya atjmr f`tmrmxtfì tmhj`fs}mx, yjfhj earm hlaxml xfe}lctm j}ec`xahfcl ~jmàem`c, crm cvcflcblm c`d ~rad}hm x}~mrfar rmx}ltx7

Rmxa}rhm%xjcrfì% tjfx t~m ao xfe}lctfa` cllayx aric`fxex ta xjcrm tjmfr kàylmdim c`d xtrctmifmx, f`c` cttme~t ta xalvm tjm xcem ~rablmex tjct f`dfvfd}cl hae~mtftfvm aric`fxex crm cxkmd ta xalvm.Hamval}tfa` % f` tjfx t~m ao xfe}lctfa` ~rmvfa}x ~rablme xal}tfa`x crm rmtcf`md yftjf` tjm aric`fxe~a~}lctfa` c`d tjmxm xtrctmifmx hc` bm hae~crmd, haebf`md, efzmd, c`d im`mrcll eadfofmd f` c` cttme~tta xalvm `my mval}tfa`cr ~rablmex. Tjm ~rablmex xtrctmifmx crm cllaymd ta mvalvm claì yftj tjm yjalmxfe}lctfa`. Tjfx fx xfeflcr ta tjm ec``mr f` yjfhj vfr}xmx kmm~ s}cxf%x~mhfmx cra}`d f` tjmfr hallmhtfvm~a~}lctfa`, yjfhj cltja}ij lmxx a~tfecl }`dmr h}rrm`t m`vfraèm`tcl hfrh}extc`hmx, e ~ravm earm a~%tfecl }`dmr `my m`vfraèm`tcl hjcllmìmx. Tjm im`m ~aalx ao tjm s}cxf%x~mhfmx ec bm efzmd yftj tjmh}rrm`t a~tfecl x~mhfmx yjm` tjm a~tfecl x~mhfmx bmif`x ta xjay lmxx tjc` a~tfecl bmjcvfar yjm` x}b%gmhtmd ta c `my hjcllmìm. _crfa}x haebf`ctfa`x crm tmxtmd f` c` cttme~t ta imt cra}`d `my hjcllmìmx lfkm`my vfr}x dr}ix ar x}hhmxxo}l fee}`m xxtme hjcllmìmx.

Rmxa}rhm%xjcrfì, cx a~~axmd ta f`dfvfd}cl hae~mtftfvm xmcrhj, jcx bmm` xjay` ta ~ravfdm fe~ravmd oft%`mxx a~tfefwctfa` f` hmll}lcr c}taectc xfe}lctfa`x. O}rtjmrearm, fo hamval}tfa` fx haebf`md yftjrmxa}rhm%xjcrfì mvm` jfijmr lmvmlx ao a~tfefwctfa` crm cttcf`md. Ft fx c ymll mxtcblfxjmd ocht f` tjm hmll}lcrc}taectc rmxmcrhj haee}`ft, tjct mvm` tja}ij hmll}lcr c}taectc }~dctm tjmfr xtct}x f` hae~}tctfa`xbcxmd a`l }~a` lahcl fòarectfa` c`d f`tmrchtfa`x, tjm crm hc~cblm ao ~rad}hfì hae~lmz ilabcl bmjcv%farx.

Ym em`tfa` tjmxm t~mx ao xt}dfmx oar tjm ~}r~axm ao hae~crfì tjmxm rmx}ltx ta tjm ha`hm~t ao f`tm`tfa`clmhavfllcimx. Xf`hm mhavfllcimx crm hm`tmrmd cra}`d f`tm`tfa`cl harm tjmemx ao xxtmefh c`d xebfatfhhaee}`cl bmjcvfar, ym xja}ld mz~mht ta xmm c lcrim dmirmm ao rmxa}rhm%xjcrfì c`d hamval}tfa`. Tjmrm%oarm, ym xja}ld jcvm mvmr rmcxa` ta mz~mht tjct tjmxm mz~mrfem`tx ya}ld ~rad}hm x}~mrfar oft`mxx f`hae~crfxa` ta tjm h}rrm`t Dcryf`fc` xahfcl eadml yjfhj f`valvmx f`dm~m`dm`t hae~mtftfvm xmcrhj. Tjmocht tjct xfe~lm hae~}tctfa`cl xxtmex, lfkm hmll}lcr c}taectc, crm mvm`t}cll cblm ta abtcf` ilabcl a~tf%

efwctfa` mvm` tja}ij tjm e}xt a~mrctm yftj a`l lahcl fòarectfa` % fx clxa ~raefxfì. Tjfx ya}ld xmmeta ~ravfdm xaem mvfdm`hm tjct ~ragmhtx f`ftfcll xtcrtmd c`d oah}xmd lahcll da jcvm c jfij dmirmm ao ~rab%cbflft ao mvm`t}cll bmhaefì x}hhmxxo}l, at g}xt lahcll, b}t ilabcll.

Tjm ralm ao tjmemx c`d ha`tmztYm jcvm hlcxxfofmd mhavfllcimx cx c oare ao f`tm`tfa`cl haee}`ft. F`tm`tfa`cl haee}`ftfmx crm mxtcb%lfxjmd cra}`d harm tjmemx. Ym jcvm ~ra~axmd tjct tjm harm tjmemx ao mhavfllcimx xja}ld ha`xfxt ao tjmoallayfì7

Xxtmefh Xebfatfh ^lc`mtcr Mhavf#cim @mtyark 3>


11/15

c dmm~ ha`hmr` ta ~ravfdm c` mha%orfm`dl lfom xtlm

Tjm }tflfwctfa` ao c im`mrcl xxtme tjmar ta ~ravfdm xxtmefh, xebfatfh, c`d hamval}tfa`cr c~~rachjta mval}tfa`, cx a~~axmd ta c rmd}htfa`fxt c`d c`d hae~mtftfvm Dcryf`fc` c~~rachj.

tjm o}ll }tflfwctfa` ao d`cefh mtyarkfì ~rf`hf~lmx

Tjmemx ~lc fe~artc`t ralmx f` f`tm`tfa`cl haee}`ftfmx, bmhc}xm tjm xmrvm cx ha`hm~t}cl c`d bmjcvfarcl`mtyark j}bx. Yjm` hjcllmìmx ta tjm haee}`ftfmx f tmirft crfxm, tjmemx ~ravfdm c xm`xm ao fdm`tft c`d~}r~axm. Ym ha}ld mcxfl eckm c` c`clai bmtymm` tjmemx c`d c`d ha`tmzt ~rmxmrvctfa`. Hajm`, Rfala,c`d Czmlrad [8U jcvm ha`d}htmd xaem hmll}lcr c}taectc xfe}lctfa`x f` yjfhj ha`tmzt%~rmxmrvctfa` ycxxt}dfmd. Tjm ha`hl}xfa` ao tjmfr xt}dfmx oa}`d tjm oallayfì rmx}ltx7

F` tjfx ~c~mr ym oah}xmd a` a`m fe~artc`t ochtar tjct ha`trfb}tmx ta tjm memrim`hm c`d ecf`tm`c`hm aohaa~mrctfa`, `ceml tjm dmirmm ta yjfhj tjm f`tmrchtfa` ~rahmxxmx~rmxmrvm tjm ha`tmzt, ar `mfijbarjaad,f` yjfhj tjm cim`tx *c`d tjmfr dmxhm`dc`tx& cht. F` im`mrcl, ym oa}`d tjct ha`dftfa`x tjct xtraìl ~rm%xmrvmd ha`tmzt lmd ta tjm jfijmxt lmvmlx ao haa~mrctfa`.

Tjm xecllmr c`d earm f`tfectm ha`dftfa`x ao efhraxahfmtfmx claì yftj tjmfr harm tjmem vcl}mx, xja}ld~ravfdm c` cteax~jmrm yjmrm ym hc` mz~mht ta xmm àt a`l jfij dmirmmx ao rmxa}rhm%xjcrfì c`d hamva%

l}tfa`, b}t clxa xtraì ha`tmzt%~rmxmrvfì bmjcvfarx cra}`d tjm harm tjmemx ao tjm haee}`ft. Ct tjmxcem tfem ym e}xt àt oarimt tjct haee}`ft fx batj ~jxfhcl c`d ha`hm~t}cl, yjfhj emc`x tjct ft fx àt`mhmxxcrfl lfeftmd ta ~razfeft. Tjfx fx yj ym crm xtraì ~raeatmrx ao `mtyarkfì cx c` mxxm`tfcl hae%~a`m`t ao tjm mhavfllcim ha`hm~t. Yftj tjm cfd ao tjm f`tmr`mt ym hc` x~rmcd a}t tjfx xm`xm ao ha`tmzt ha`%hm~t}cll f` tjm oare ao c emem tjct hc` rchm cra}`d tjm ~lc`mt ct tjm x~mmd ao lfijt, tfì atjmryfxmxm~crctm c`d dfxtc`t àdmx f`ta c haeea` ha`tmzt c`d vfxfa` oar tjm o}t}rm.

Tjm x}rvfvcl ao hamval}tfa` f` c hae~mtftfvm yarldXf`hm tjm vcxt ecgarft ao a}r ~lc`mt ày mzfxtx f` c hae~mtftfvm Dcryf`fc` m`vfraèm`t, yjct hjc`hm dahaa~mrctfvm efhraxahfmtfmx jcvm ao x}rvfvfì f` x}hj c yarld1 Yjct crm tjm ~rabcbflftfmx tjct haa~mrctfvmxahfmtfmx hc` àt a`l hamzfxt yftj hae~mtftfvm xahfmtfmx, b}t tjrfvm c`d ~rax~mr1 Rmxmcrhj f` tjfx crmc fxg}xt bmif``fì ta bm chh}e}lctmd. Czmlrad jcx ~}blfxjmd c baak, Tjm Mval}tfa` ao Haa~mrctfa` [4U, c`djcx ~ravfdmd c` c`àtctmd Bfblfairc~j a` tjfx ta~fh [=U. Xmllc c`d Lchjec`` [?U jcvm r}` xfe}lctfa`xdmxfi`md ta xt}d tjm laì tmre d`cefhx ao haa~mrctfvm ~a~}lctfa`x hamzfxtfì yftjf` hae~mtftfvm ~a~}%lctfa`x. Tjm ha`hl}xfa` ao tjmfr rmxmcrhj fx7

Ym jcvm dmea`xtrctmd tjct haa~mrctfa` ec ~mrxfxt f` c xxtme f` c xtmcd xtctm yjmrm ~a~}lctfa`x aohaa~mrctarx c`d dmomhtarx crm ha`xtc`tl c~~mcrfì c`d dfxc~~mcrfì. Tjfx hc` bm }`dmrxtaad b ha`%xfdmrfì tjm lfom%hhlm ao c ~a~}lctfa` ct c xftm. Tjm lfom hhlm xtcrtx yftj a`m haa~mrctar tjct mxtcblfxjmxc ~a~}lctfa`, tjm` dmomhtarx f`vcdm c`d tckm avmr, c`d ft m`dx yftj tjm dmctj ao tjm ~a~}lctfa`. D}rfìtjfx lfom%hhlm, `my ~a~}lctfa`x ao haa~mrctarx crm oa}`dmd b xfìlm haa~mrctarx tjct efirctm ta me~t`mfijbarfì xftmx. Tjm xxtme rmchjmx c xtmcd xtctm yjmrm haa~mrctfa` ~mrxfxtx, fo tjm ilabcl bfrtjrctm ao ~a~}lctfa`x fx ms}cl ta tjm rctm ao tjmfr dmctj, ar fo a` cvmrcim mvmr ~a~}lctfa` ifvmx rfxm taa`m atjmr ~a~}lctfa` d}rfì ftx lfom%hhlm. Tjfx xtmcd xtctm fx d`cefh f` `ct}rm % haa~mrctfa` ~mrxfxtxmvm`%tja}ij mvmr xfìlm ~a~}lctfa` ao haa~mrctarx mvm`t}cll dfmx a}t. F` xmhtfa` 4 ym dmea`xtrctm

tjct tjmxm d`cefhx m`cblm tjm ~mrxfxtm`hm ao haa~mrctfa` f` c lcrim xmhtfa` ao tjm eadmlx ~crcemtmrx~chm. O}rtjmrearm, ym dmea`xtrctmd c`d mz~lcf`md jay d.f. eadmlx, tckfì tjm lahcl oft`mxx ao haa~%mrctarx ta bm laymr hc` m`cblm tjm ~mrxfxtm`hm ao haa~mrctfa`; c`d yftjf` tjm rmifa` ao ~mrxfxtm`hm fthc` f`hrmcxm tjm ilabcl dm`xft ao xftmx f`jcbftmd b haa~mrctarx.

Xf`hm a}r ~lc`mt jcx à dctcbcxm ao atjmr ~lc`mtcr hfvflfwctfa`x, ym jcvm à jcrd mvfdm`hm ao yjmtjmrhae~mtftfa`, haa~mrctfa`, ar xaem haebf`ctfa` ao batj xtrctmifmx *mftjmr xfe}ltc`ma}xl ar xms}m`tfcll&~ravfdmx tjm eaxt x}hhmxxo}l xtrctmi f` mval}tfa`. ]`tfl ym jcvm mvfdm`hm, mftjmr orae mz~mrfem`tx aà}r ay` ~lc`mt, ar orae mztrctmrrmxtrfcl ~lc`mtx, ym crm lfeftmd ta tmxtfì tjmxm cltmr`ctfvm c~~rachjmx f`



12/15

hae~}tmr xfe}lctfa`x. Ym bmlfmvm, bcxmd }~a` tjm h}rrm`t rmxmcrhj cvcflcblm, tjct f` tjm mcrl xtcimx aomval}tfa` hae~mtftfa` ~rmdaef`ctmx, b}t cx xahfcl xxtmex ect}rm c`d rmchj tjm `ct}rcl mhalaifhclba}`dcrfmx ao tjmfr ~lc`mtx, haa~mrctfa` c`d tjm }tflfwctfa` ao earm cdvc`hmd ha`hm~t}cl eadmlx lmcdx tahamval}tfa` vfc xxtmefh c`d xebfatfh f`tmirctfa`.

Lfom vfmymd cx fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfìFo a} ymrm xecrt mà}ij c`d ~aymro}l mà}ij ta hrmctm c }`fvmrxm, ya}ld a} hrmctm c }`fvmrxm yftja}tlfom1 Jay f`tmrmxtfì ya}ld c }`fvmrxm bm yftja}t batj c ommdbchk emhjc`fxe ta fòare a} ao yjct ft fxlfkm ta mz~mrfm`hm c }`fvmrxm orae yftjf` ft, cx ymll cx orae a}txfdm ft1 Lfom àt a`l cddx c` màrea}xlvcl}cblm fòarectfa` ommdbchk xxtme ta tjm }`fvmrxm, ft clxa ~atm`tfcll cddx vcxt dmirmmx ao hae~lmzftta tjm ~rahmxx fo xaem dmirmm ao ormm yfll fx dmxfi`md f`ta tjmxm `my lfom oarex. Tjm }`fvmrxm à laìmr`mmd bm c xfìlm cht ao hrmctfa`, bmhc}xm `my lfom oarex brfì yftj tjme tjm ~atm`tfcl oar hahrmctfa`, c`dtjm cbflft ta tmxt hahrmctfa` chraxx c` màrea}x rcìm ao mz~mrfm`hmx yjfhj hc` cxe~tatfhcll c~~rachjtjaxm ao tjm lmvml ao tjm dmxfi` f`tmllfim`hm. Dmxfi` lmvml f`tmllfim`hm hc` lmcr` c irmct dmcl earm cba}t ftxhrmctfa` b cddfì lfom ta tjm }`fvmrxm, c`d ft icf`x tjm xctfxochtfa` ao bmfì cblm ta jcvm ftx mooartx hae%~rmjm`dmd, c~~rmhfctmd, c`d xjcrmd yftj c `my c`d àvml oare ao lfom. Batj dmxfi` lmvml f`tmllfim`hm c`d

mvalvfì f`tmllfim`hm bm`moft orae tjm mzfxtm`hm ao c }`fvmrxm yjfhj f`hl}dmx lfom.Lfom f` ec` rmx~mhtx fx c` mzs}fxftm mzce~lm ao fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì. Dmxfi` f`tmllfim`hm dfxtrfb}tmx f`tjm d`cefh jalaectrfz ao tjm }`fvmrxm vcxt xtarmx ao à`%xtctfh f`tmllfim`hm, c`d mvalvfì lfom ircd}cllcxxfeflctmx tjfx f`tmllfim`hm f` c` mooart ta c~~rachj tjm lmvml ao f`tmllfim`hm ao dmxfi` f`tmllfim`hm.Dmxfi`f`tmllfim`hm chtx cx tjm irmct cttrchtar f` tjm }`fvmrxm, hjcllmìfì c`d ~}llfì mvalvfì f`tmllfim`hmmvmr jfijmr f` tjm ircd}ctmd ~rahmxx ao }`fvmrxm cxhm`xfa`. Haee}`ft ~lcx c` mxxm`tfcl ralm f` tjfxaìafì ~rahmxx. @a f`dfvfd}cl mvalvfì f`tmllfim`hm fx hc~cblm ao cxxfeflctfì tjfx vcxt xtarm ao fòarec%tfa` cla`m. Lfom fx c` f`tmrdm~m`dm`t ~rahmxx. Lfom cx ym mz~mrfm`hm ft f` a}r }`fvmrxm fx à xfe~lm ~rahmxxao hla`fì. Mchj f`dfvfd}cl lfom oare fx }`fs}m. Mchj lfom oare jcx tjm ~atm`tfcl ta ha`trfb}tm xaemtjfì}`fs}m ta tjm dmvmla~em`t ao tjm }`fvmrxm tjra}ij ftx hahrmctfa` mooartx.

Tjm earm moofhfm`t c lfom oarex bmhaemx ct ~rahmxxfì tjm fòarectfa` ecdm cvcflcblm ta ft f` tjm }`fvmrxm,tjm lmxx ft x}oomr, c`d tjm earm s}fhkl ft cttcf`x jfijmr lmvmlx ao mval}tfa`. Xxtmefh fòarectfa` ~rahmxx%

fì brfìx yftj ft f`hrmcxmd ga, haeoart, c`d mz~c`dfì jarfwa`x ao mz~mrfm`hm f`ta c lcrimr ~artfa` ao tjm}`fvmrxm. Lfom oarex, batj f`dfvfd}cll c`d hallmhtfvml, tjct da c ~aar gab ao fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì, mz%~mrfm`hm, ~cf`, x}oomrfì, c`d xmlo lfeftctfa`. Fo tjfx tm`dm`h bmhaemx hjra`fh rctjmr tjc` ch}tm, tjmxm lfomoarex c`d tjmfr hfvflfwctfa`x bmhaem lciifì m`tra~ harmx f` c` atjmryfxm `mim`tra~ cxhm`xfa` ~rahmxx.^cf`, x}oomrfì, c`d rm~mtftfvm ocfl}rmx rmx}lt orae ommdbchk emhjc`fxex f` tjm }`fvmrxm dmxfi`md ta f`%oare }x tjct a}r h}rrm`t mooartx ct fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì crm lmxx tjc` a~tfecl. Xaem ef`fecl dmirmm aoxtr}iilm fx f`mvftcblm f` tjm mval}tfa`cr ~rahmxx, b}t tjfx ef`fecl x}oomrfì hc` bm ha`xfdmrcbl ce~lf%ofmd fo ym vfalctm c`d fiàrm tjm xxtmefh lcyx ao tjm }`fvmrxm.Tjm ~}r~axm ao xxtmefh c`d xebfatfh mhavfllcimx fx ta lfvm yftjf` tjm }`fvmrxcl `ct}rcl lcyx c`d tachjfmvm tjm eczfe}e ~axxfblm bm`moft orae tjme, yjflm hcrrfì a` tjm ~rahmxx ao mval}tfa` c`d cxhm`%xfa`. F` tjfx ec``mr, mchj `my im`mrctfa` ao lfom oarex rmhmfvmx c` fe~ravmd lfvfì c`d lmcr`fì m`vf%raèm`t f` yjfhj ta hcrr a` tjm }ltfectm s}mxt ao lfom. Mhavfllcimx e}xt ao `mhmxxft tjf`k laì%tmre.

Tjm e}xt ~rmxmrvm c`d fe~ravm cll tjm `ct}rcl rmxa}rhmx yftjf` tjmfr m`vfraèm`t, c`d yjm` mvmr ~axxf%blm x}~~lmem`t tjaxm rmxa}rhmx yftj tjm mha%orfm`dl f`vm`tfa`x ao my bfalai c`d my tmhjàlai. Tjm~rfecr ~}r~axm ao mhavfllcimx fx ta ~ravfdm c lmich ao mvmr f`hrmcxfì kàylmdim c`d cycrm`mxx ao tjfx~rahmxx ta mchj `my im`mrctfa`, yjfhj hc` tjm` ~rahmmd ta b}fld }~a` tjmxm oa}`dctfa`x. Xjart%tmre mz%~laftctfa` ct tjm mz~m`xm ao tjfx avmrcll abgmhtfvm, fx dmtrfem`tcl c`d x}fhfdcl, c`d e}xt bm cvafdmd ct cllhaxt, mvm` yjm` tjm tme~tctfa` xmmex rctfa`cl ta c ~artfa` ao tjm ~a~}lctfa`. Iraytj f` tjm }`fvmrxm fx cvmr laì%tmre ~rahmxx, d}m ta tjm màrea}x dfoomrm`tfcl ao f`tmllfim`hm bmtymm` dmxfi` f`tmllfim`hm c`dmvalvfì f`tmllfim`hm. Tjm iacl e}xt bm ta x}rvfvm tjm m`tfrm ~rahmxx, c`d ta cttcf` tjm aemic ~af`t aomval}tfa`. Ta s}fhkl cttcf` xaem brfmo lmvml ao ~rairmxx b tjm avmr mz~laftctfa` ao tjm `ct}rcl rmxa}rhmx



13/15

ao a}r ~lc`mt fx hmrtcf` oall. Tjfx t~m ao tjf`kfì lmcdx ta mztf`htfa`, laì bmoarm tjm m`d icem jcx bmm`hae~lmtmd, c`d fx c oare aoxmlo fòlfhtmd cbartfa` orae tjm ~mrx~mhtfvm ao tjm }`fvmrxm cx c yjalm. ]òar%t}`ctml a}r h}rrm`t ~lc`mtcr hfvflfwctfa` fx s}ftm m`trm`hjmd f` tjfx vmr ~rahmxx, c`d cx tjfìx xtc`dày, ym crm a`l eaem`tx cyc orae mztf`htfa` a` c haxefh tfem xhclm, mvm` fo ym oaalfxjl tjf`k ymjcvm cll tjm tfem ym `mmd ta harrmht a}r ea~fh efxtckmx.Ft fx tjm ~}r~axm ao mhavfllcimx ta harrmht tjfxdcìmra}x trm`d bmoarm ft fx taa lctm.

Mhavfllcimx b à emc`x xja}ld bm xmm` cx xfe~l iafì bchk ta tjm lc`d c`d bmhaefì àtjfì earmtjc` c` cirfh}lt}rcl xahfmt. Lfom mvmr cllayx a`m ta ia bchkycrd. Mhavfllcimx hmrtcf`l xja}ld f`har~a%rctm ~ra~mr }tflfwctfa` ao `ct}rcl rm`mycblm c`d à`rm`mycblm rmxa}rhmx, b}t tjfx xja}ld `mvmr bmhaemtjmfr xalm ~}r~axm oar bmfì. Mhavfllcimx e}xt bm mztrmeml f`s}fxftfvm, ~rairmxxfvm, c`d o}t}rm arfm`tmd.B à emc`x xja}ld mha%jmcltj tmhjàlai bm xj}``md. A}r hfvflfwctfa` fx ày f` tjm ~rahmxx ao eavfìa}r hallmhtfvm oah}x orae tjm ~rmvfa}x f`d}xtrfclfwctfa` mrc f`ta tjm `mymr fòarectfa` mrc. Tjm iacl ao tjmfòarectfa` cim fx ta eckm cll tjm kàylmdim a` tjm ~lc`mt cvcflcblm ta mvmra`m f` rmcl tfem, c`d ct c`cbxal}tm ef`fe}e ao mz~m`xm.@ay oar tjaxm ao a} yja tjf`k lfom fx cll cba}t ~raoftx, a} ec bmxjahkmd ta of`d a}t tjct kmm~fì ~ma~lm fiàrc`t fx tjm bmxt ~ctjyc ta }`~raoftcbflft f` tjm laì r}`.Mvmr j}ec` bmfì yja fx km~t orae lfvfì }~ ta tjmfr o}ll ~atm`tfcl fx c` màrea}x laxx yjfhj hc` `mvmrbm rm~lchmd b a}r hfvflfwctfa`, c`d mvmr ocflmd j}ec` lfom fx c` màrea}x mhaàefh, ~xhjalaifhcl, c`dxahfcl drcf` a` tjm mooartx ao a}r hfvflfwctfa` ta eavm oarycrd f` tjm cxhm`xfa` ~rahmxx. Tjm x}e tatcl ao

tjm fdmcx, fecif`ctfa`, f`vm`tfa`x, xal}tfa`x, c`d yfxdae tjct fx laxt yftj tjm dm~rfvctfa` c` c`d mvmrj}ec` bmfì fx f`mxtfecblm. Ym yfll `mvmr kày yjct a}r hfvflfwctfa` efijt jcvm bmm` lfkm jcd tjfx dm~%rfvctfa` àt ahh}rrmd f` tjm ~cxt. Fo ym ha`tf`}m ta dm~rfvm a}r ~a~}lctfa` iafì oarycrd, a}r o}t}rm yflljald lfttlm ~raefxm ao bfarc~t}rm c`d }`fvmrxcl cxhm`xfa`. Tjm ~}r~axm ao haee}`ft fx ta ~ravfdm c`m`vfraèm`t f` yjfhj mvmr f`dfvfd}cl hc` tjrfvm c`d chjfmvm tjmfr o}ll ~atm`tfcl. Tjm hc}xcl moomht aox}hj c rmclft % yfll mz~a`m`tfcll ommdbchk ~rairmxxfvm rmycrdx f`ta tjm hallmhtfvm cxhm`xfa` mooartx aotjm lcrimr haee}`ft. Tjm `mzt Mf`xtmf`, Eawcrt, ar Ic`djf ec bm a}r `mzt daar `mfijbar. Fo ym ocflta f`vmxt f` tjme, ym yfll `mvmr kày jay e}hj ym ec jcvm laxt. Tjm hjcllmìm bmoarm }x fx màrea}x,c`d ym `mmd cll a}r ~lcmrx o}`htfa`fì ct eczfe}e oft`mxx c`d moofhfm`h.

Eczfe}e moofhfm`h bfafòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì rms}frmx tjct c ~lc`mtcr hfvflfwctfa` ha`tf`}cll dfxtf`%

i}fxjmx bmtymm` tjm trfvfcl c`d tjm tr}l fe~artc`t oarex ao fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì. Jfij lmvml fòarec%

tfa` ~rahmxxfì f`valvmx ha`tf`}cl dfxhrfef`ctfa`. Fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì fx c` m`mri f`tm`xfvm tcxk, c`d

cll bfalaifhcl lfom mzfxtx cx c` a~m` tjmread`cefh xxtmex yjfhj e}xt barray m`mri orae tjm lcrimrm`tra~fh m`vfraèm`t. Tjfx fx yj fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì fx mz~m`xfvm, c`d bmhc}xm ft fx mz~m`xfvm ym

e}xt bm dfxhrfef`ctfì f` a}r hjafhm ao yjct fòarectfa` fx yartj oah}xfì a`, c`d yjct fòarectfa` fx

lmxx hr}hfcl ta a}r mval}tfa` c`d cxhm`xfa`. Iaad fòarectfa` ~rahmxxfì f`valvmx batj s}c`tftctfvm hae%

~}tctfa`cl ~aymr, c`d iaad s}clftctfvm dfxhrfef`ctfa` cx ta yjct fòarectfa` fx ~lchmd jfijmxt a` a}r

hae~}tctfa`cl ~rfarft lfxt.

Tjm }ltfectm abgmhtfvm ao haee}`ft fx ta kmm~ tjm lcrimr vfxfa` ao tjm tatcl cxhm`xfa` ~rahmxx clycx fà}r tja}ijtx. Haee}`ft e}xt kmm~ a}r ~rfarftfmx xtrcfijt, c`d ~ravfdm tjm `mvmr ycvmrfì tmlmalaifhclvmhtar tjct lmcdx ta }`fvmrxcl vfhtar oar cll ao a}r f`jcbftc`tx. Haee}`ft b ftx vmr `ct}rm hc` àtcvafd tmlmalai#

Haee}`ft fx f`jmrm`tl cbxtrcht c`d dmm~l ha`hm~t}cl. Tjm lfom x~c` ao haee}`ft fx fòf`ftm, bmhc}xmft a}t lfvmx cll ao tjaxm yja ~cxx tjra}ij ftx ~rahmxx. Haee}`ft fx lfkm c rfvmr tjct hjc``mlx c`d oah}xmxtjm `my yctmr yjfhj ha`xtc`tl olayx tjra}ij ft, mtmr`cll mzfxtfì c`d mtmr`cll rm`myfì ftxmlo. Cx ym~cxx tja}ij a}r }`fvmrxm ym xjcll mz~mrfm`hm tjm ha`tf`}cl dflctfa` ao haee}`ftfmx ba}`dcrfmx. F` tjmo}t}rm ym hc` bm cxx}rmd tjct ym yfll m`ha}`tmr atjmr xtmllcr hfvflfwctfa`x, xtmllcr hl}xtmr hfvflfwctfa`x,ilab}lcr hl}xtmr hfvflfwctfa`x, iclchtfh hfvflfwctfa`x, x}~mrhl}xtmr hfvflfwctfa`x, c`d of`cll }`fvmrxcl hfvflf%wctfa`. G}xt tjm tja}ijt ao x}hj c` màrea}x aric`fwmd mooart r}`x hjfllx }~ c` day` tjm x~f`m.F` c xmlo%xfeflcr e}ltfvmrxm, tjmxm mvmr mz~c`dfì ba}`dcrfmx mzhmmd mvm` tjm }`fvmrxm ftxmlo. Xtc`dfì cicf`xtoa}`dctfa`cl xxtmefh ~rf`hf~lmx, fx c x}rm ~ctj ta rmtcrdctfa`, dmircdctfa`, c`d mvm`t}cll mztf`htfa`.



14/15

Haee}`ft yjm` }`dmrxtaad f` ftx ~ra~mr ha`tmzt f` tjm }`fvmrxm, fx batj ha`vmrim`t c`d tmlma%laifhcl#

Xa lmt }x ~}t dmxtr}htfvm `a`%x`mrifxtfh hae~mtftfa` yftj ftx yf`!laxx xtrctmi bmjf`d }x, c`d lmt }x f`f%tfctm c xxtmefh c`d gaa}x yf`!yf` xtrctmifh c~~rachj, xa tjct ym hc` yft`mxx tjm eci`fofhm`t ~rahmxxao ha`vmrim`t xxtmefh tmlmalai ct yark f` a}r f`dfvfd}cl lfvmx c`d f` a}r haee}`ftfmx.

Tjm racdx ta tjm aemic ~af`t crm ymll ~cvmd b tjaxm yja jcvm ~rmhmdmd }x f` tjfx }`fvmrxcl ga}r`m#



15/15

Rmomrm`hmx3. Xalm, R. _., Hc`hja, R. O., Ea`tac, G. E., c`d _clvmrdm, X. Xmlmhtfa`, Tf`kmrfì c`d Memrim`hm f`

Hae~lmz @mtyarkx. 2>>2, ~. 3>. *jtt~7!!yyy.xc`tcom.md}!xof!~}blfhctfa`x!Yarkfì%^c~mrx!>2%>9%>26.~do &

2. Ymroml, G., Efthjmll, E., c`d Hr}tjofmld, G. . Rmxa}rhm Xjcrfì c`d Hamval}tfa` f` Mvalvfì Hmll}lcr

C}taectc. 3666. *jtt~7!!yyy.xc`tcom.md}!xof! ~}blfhctfa`x!Yarkfì%^c~mrx!66%>9%>4=.~do&

8. Hajm`, E. D., Rfala, R. L., c`d Czmlrad, R. Tjm Memrim`hm ao Xahfcl Aric`fwctfa` f` tjm ^rfxa`mrxDflmeec7 Jay Ha`tmzt%^rmxmrvctfa` c`d atjmr Ochtarx ^raeatm Haa~mrctfa`. 3666, ~. 89.*jtt~7!!yyy.xc`tcom.md}!xof!~}blfhctfa`x!Yarkfì%^c~mrx!66%>3%>>2.~do&

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