spring 2007organization change and development1. spring 2007organization change and development2...
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 1
Organization Change and Development
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 2
Organizational Change and Development
• What is it?
• Why change?
• Resistance to change
• Force field analysis
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 3
OD Defined
• OD is an effort…• Planned• Organization-wide• Managed from the top, in order• To increase organizational effectiveness,
through• Planned interventions in organizational
processes, using behavioral-science knowledge
OD = shorthand for “Organization Change and Development”
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 4
The Change Process
Forces for changeManagement recognition of
need for change
Diagnosis of problem and
points of resistance
Consideration of alternatives
Selection of methods &
implementationEvaluation
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 5
Forces Driving Change: Internal and External
Technology
SocialTrends
The EconomyCompetition
WorkforceGlobalEvents
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 6
Attitude Toward Change
Desirable
• Accept change as inevitable
• Proactive
Not Desirable
• Feel threatened by change
• Reactive
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 7
Objects of Change
StructurePhysicalSetting
Technology People
Culture
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 8
Resistance to Change - Individual
Individual
Economic FactorsNeed for SecurityFear of the Unknown
Selective Information Processing
Force of Habit
Group Inertia
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 9
Resistance to Change - Group
Organizational
Threatto Expertise
LimitedFocus
of Change
Threat toExisting
Allocations
Threat toExisting
Relationships
StructuralInertia
Group Inertia
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 10
Overcoming Resistance
• Education and communication
• Negotiation
• Communication
• Facilitation and support
• Coercion
• Manipulation and cooptation
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 11
Unfreezing Changing Refreezing
Organizational Change
Lewin’s Three-Step Process
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 12
Unfreezing the Status QuoUnfreezing the Status QuoUnfreezing the Status QuoUnfreezing the Status Quo
Desired State
Status Quo
RestrainingForces
Driving Forces
Time
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 13
OD Tools and Interventions
• Survey and survey feedback
• Team building
• Diversity training
• Leadership development
• Organization restructuring
• Job redesign
• Adoption of new technologies
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Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 14
Change and Culture
• Is change possible?
• How long will it take?
• Does culture influence resistance?
• Does culture influence implementation?
• Does culture influence idea champions?