• Spread across North Africa into Spain.

• Battle of Tours against Franks (732 C.E.).

• Marks the limit of Islamic expansion into Western Europe.

• The Arab Empire that accompanied the spread of Islam stretched from Spain to India.

• In contrast to the spread of Buddhism and Christianity, the early spread of Islam gave rise to a large empire.

• Shariah; Islamic code of law.

• Outlines behavioral requirements for daily life.

• Developed the first windmills.

• Universities throughout the Islamic world.

• The system of Islamic education created by the ulama was a force that helped bind the Islamic world together

• Caliph Harun al-

Rashid founded the ___________.

• A goal of the education offered at the madrassas was to preserve an established body of Islamic learning

• Alhambra palaces, Grenada Spain (thirteenth century).

• The greatest expression of ones wealth was the ________. So they became a cornerstone of Islamic art and architecture.

• Al-Fazari built the first astrolabe in the Islamic world.

• Greek innovation.• Determines

latitude position.

• Al-Jazari developed a crankshaft in a chain pump.

• Al-Haytham developed the camera obscura. An optical device that led to the photographic camera.

• Khujandi; determine the Earth's axial tilt (994 C.E.).

• Algebra is an Islamic innovation.

• The exchange of agricultural products and practices from one region to another was a result of the cross-regional ties created in the expanding Islamic world

• The mass conversion of people living in the Middle East to Islam by the eighth century was because conversion to Islam offered many financial and social benefits.

• Developed the Dhow,

• Arab trade ship with lateen sails.

• Increased trade led to powerful merchant elite in many cities.

• Prestigious to be a merchant.• Muhammad was a merchant.

• A caliph’s soldiers forbidden to own territory.

• Lives of conquered people was unchanged.

Slaves:1. Imported from

Africa, Kievan Rus, and Central Asia.

2. No hereditary slavery.

3. Conversion meant freedom.

4. Women served as concubines.

Women:• Hijab; modest dress and

covering head and face. Borrowed from Byzantine.

How Muhammad raised status women:

1. Dowries must be paid to the future wife, not father.

2. Forbade female infanticide.

3. Recognition of women’s abilities in business.

That concludes Islam.

Any questions before the quiz on the next slide?