sports physiology introduction
DESCRIPTION
Sports Physiology Introduction. Mr. Kottenstette. Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities. Basic Terms to Know…. Anatomy- study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology-study of how the body and its parts work or function - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SPORTS
PHYSIOLO
GY
INTRODUCTIO
N
M R . KO T T E N S T E T T E
![Page 2: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BODY PLANES, DIRECTIONS, AND CAVITIES
![Page 3: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BASIC TERMS TO KNOW…
Anatomy- study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Physiology-study of how the body and its parts work or function
Gross anatomy- large structures, easily observable
Microanatomy- very small structures, can only be viewed with a microscope
![Page 4: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-4
PLANE OF MOTIONImaginary two-dimensional surface
through which a limb or body segment is moved
Motion through a plane revolves around an axis
There is a ninety-degree relationship between a plane of motion & its axis
![Page 5: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-5
CARDINAL PLANES OF MOTION
3 basic or traditionalin relation to the body, not in relation to the earth
Sagittal PlaneFrontal PlaneTransverse
![Page 6: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-6
CARDINAL PLANES OF MOTION
Sagittal Planedivides body into equal, bilateral segments
It bisects body into 2 equal symmetrical halves or a right & left half
Ex. Sit-up
![Page 7: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-7
CARDINAL PLANES OF MOTION
Frontal Planedivides the body into (front) anterior & (back) posterior halves
Ex. Jumping Jacks
![Page 8: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-8
CARDINAL PLANES OF MOTION
Horizontal Planedivides body into (top) superior & (bottom) inferior halves when the individual is in anatomic position
Ex. Spinal rotation to left or right
![Page 9: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
BODY PLANESThere are three body planes:a) Transverse or Horizontal- divides the
body into a top and bottom. b) Mid-Sagittal or Median- divides the
body into an equal right and left side.c) Frontal or Coronal- divides the body
into a front and a back side.
![Page 10: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE
![Page 11: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SOOOOOOO…….WHAT IF….You are a surgeon and
planning to do open heart surgery…. you would need to make a ________________ cut into the chest cavity.
You have a patient that has gangrene in the lower portion of their leg and you need to amputate….. You would make a ________________ cut through the leg.
The abdominal muscles and muscles of the back are separated by the _______________ plane.
![Page 12: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BODY CAVITIESThere are two main body cavities:Ventral: (Belly) Which is subdivided into…….a) Abdominopelvic- which consists of the abdominal and pelvic regions, and contains the digestive and reproductive
organs.b) Thoracic- which is the upper torso or
chest region, and contains the heart and lungs.Dorsal: (Back) Which is subdivided into…….. a) Cranial- which contains the head and
includes the brain.b) Vertebral- which includes the spinal
column.
![Page 13: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
BODY CAVITIES
![Page 14: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OK, SOOOOO…….1. Which cavity is the heart
found in?2. Which cavity contains the
spinal cord?3. Which cavity contains the
ovaries?4. Which cavity contains the
stomach?5. Which cavity contains the
lungs?6. Which cavity consists of the
abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities?
![Page 15: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
F O U N D AT I O N S O F S T R U C T U R A L K I N E S I O L O G YManual of Structural Kinesiology 1-15
REFERENCE POSITIONS
Reference positions are the basis from which to describe joint movements
![Page 16: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-16
REFERENCE POSITIONS
Anatomical positionmost widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body
standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, & palms facing forward
![Page 17: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-17
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Anterior in front or in the front partPosterior behind, in back, or in the rear
![Page 18: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-18
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Inferior (infra)below in relation to another structure; caudal
Superior (supra)above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic
![Page 19: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-19
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Deepbeneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue
Superficialnear the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue
![Page 20: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-20
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Distalsituated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin
Proximalnearest the trunk or the point of origin
![Page 21: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-21
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Contralateralpertaining to the opposite sideLateralon or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane
Medialrelating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plane
![Page 22: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Foundations of Structural KinesiologyManual o
f
Structu
ral Kinesio
logy
1-22
ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Pronethe body lying face downward; stomach lyingSupine lying on the back; face upward position of the body
![Page 23: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Table 1.1 (1 of 3)
![Page 24: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Table 1.1 (2 of 3)
![Page 25: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Table 1.1 (3 of 3)
![Page 26: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ABDUCTIONLateral movement away from the midline
of the trunk in the frontal plane
![Page 27: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ADDUCTIONMovement medially toward the midline of
the trunk in the frontal plane
![Page 28: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
FLEXIONBending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by
bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane
![Page 29: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
EXTENSIONStraightening movement that results in
an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the
sagittal plane.
![Page 30: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CIRCUMDUCTIONCircular movement of a limb that is a combination of flexion, extensions,
abduction and adduction.
![Page 31: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
EVERSIONTurning the sole of the foot outward or
laterally in the frontal plane.
![Page 32: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
INVERSIONTurning the sole of the foot inward or
medially in the frontal plane.
![Page 33: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PLANTAR FLEXIONExtension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving
away from the body in the sagittal plane.
![Page 34: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
DORSI FLEXIONFlexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in sagittal plane
![Page 35: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
SUPINATIONPalm up position, or outward rolling of
the foot/ankle
![Page 36: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PRONATIONPalm down position, or inward rolling of
the foot/ankle
![Page 37: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
DEPRESSIONInferior movement of the shoulder girdle
in the frontal plane (ex: returning to normal position from a shoulder shrug)
http://youtu.be/icPZniIefwA
![Page 38: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ELEVATIONSuperior movement of the shoulder
girdle in the frontal plane (ex: shrugging shoulders)
![Page 39: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LATERAL FLEXIONMovement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from
midline.
![Page 40: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ROTATIONTurning side to sideex. turning your head to look to your side,
vertebral rotation.
![Page 41: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
OPPOSITIONDiagonal movement of the thumb across the palmer surface of the hand to make
contact with the fingers
![Page 42: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
REGIONS OF THE BODY• Head and Neck
• Cranial- The head region• Orbital- The eye region• Facial- The region of the face• Mandibular- The chin• Cervical- The neck• Supraclavicular- Above the clavicle
![Page 43: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
REGIONS OF THE BODY• Upper Limb
• Deltoid- Shoulder• Axillary- Armpit• Brachial- Upper Arm• Cubital- Back of Elbow• Antecubital- Front of Elbow• Antebrachial- Forearm• Carpal- Hand
![Page 44: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
REGIONS OF THE BODY• Thorax
• Pectoral- Chest• Scapular- Shoulder Blades
![Page 45: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
REGIONS OF THE BODY• Abdominopelvic
• Abdominal- Stomach• Pelvic- Hip Area• Inguinal- Groin, (ex. Inguinal Hernia)• Pudendal- Pubic Area
![Page 46: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
REGIONS OF THE BODY• Back
• Thoracic- Mid Back• Lumbar- Lower Back• Sacroiliac- Tail Bone
![Page 47: Sports Physiology Introduction](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012904/568166f7550346895ddb562e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
REGIONS OF THE BODY• Lower Limb
• Gluteal- Booty• Femoral- Upper leg, Thigh• Patellar- Knee Cap• Popliteal- Back of Knee• Crural- Lower Leg, Shin• Malleolar- Ankle• Tarsal- Foot