spinal injury ppt
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
SPINAL INJURY
MANALI H SOLANKIF.Y.M.SC.NURSING STUDENTJ G COLLEGE OF NURSING
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
DEFINITION
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function such as mobility or feeling.
TYPES OF SPINAL CORD INJURY
Complete Spinal Cord Injuries
Complete paraplegia is described as permanent loss of motor and nerve function at T1 level or below, resulting in loss of sensation and movement in the legs, bowel, bladder, and sexual region. Arms and hands retain normal function.
INCOMPLETE SPINAL CORD INJURIES
Anterior cord syndrome
CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME
POSTERIOR CORD SYNDROME
BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME
CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME
RISK FACTORS
Men
Young adults and seniors
People who are active in sports
People with predisposing conditions
CAUSES:
Bullet or stab wound
Traumatic injury
Electric shock
Extreme twisting of the middle of the body
Landing on the head during a sports injury
Fall from a great height
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
CERVICAL (NECK) INJURIES
Breathing difficulties
Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
Numbness
Sensory changes
Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
THORACIC (CHEST LEVEL) INJURIES
Loss of normal bowel and bladder control
Numbness
Sensory changes
Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
Weakness, paralysis
LUMBAR SACRAL (LOWER BACK) INJURIES
Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (you may have constipation, leakage, and bladder spasms)
Numbness
Pain
Sensory changes
Weakness and paralysis
ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Complete blood count (e.g. Hb, RBC, WBC)
Arterial blood gas level
PaO2:85-95 mm of Hg
PaCO2:35-45 mm of Hg
X- RAYS:
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANS
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI):
MYELOGRAPHY:
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Blood pressure changes - can be extreme (autonomic hyperreflexia)
Chronic kidney disease Complications of immobility:
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary infections
Skin breakdown Contractures
Increased risk of urinary tract infections
Loss of bladder control
Loss of bowel control
Loss of sensation
Loss of sexual functioning (male impotence)
Muscle spasticity
Paralysis of breathing muscles
Paralysis (paraplegia, quadriplegia)
Pressure sores
Shock
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
Whole blood
NS
RL
Hydrocortisone:
Action : steroids
Nor epinephrine
action: adrenergic drug
Epinephrine
action: α and β adrenergic drug
Dopamine
action: adrenergic, anti shock drug
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
Impaired physical mobility related to loss of motor function
Fluid volume deficit related to decrease LOC
Risk for injury related to loss of
motor function
Urinary retention related to level of injury
Risk for Impaired skin integrity related to trauma
Knowledge deficit regarding the treatment modalities and current situation.
Anxiety related to outcome of diseases as evidenced by poor concentration on work, isolation from others, rude behaviour
DIET PLAN
REHABILITATION
Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy Speech Therapy Mental Rehabilitation Physical Exercise Occupational Therapy
THANK YOU