1. 1. Learning Disabilities, Autism, and Physical Disabilities in the Classroom Ola Samrah, Katrina Piesen, Carina Oceguera Sped 410
2. 2. Demographics Asian 0.9% Black 2.7% Hispanic 94.4% White 1.0% Other 1.1% Statistics Low Income 96.5% Diverse Learners 14.5% Limited English 14.0% Level 2 School Pilsen classroom languages in Spanish and French
3. 3. Disorder in which one or more of the basic psychological processes involving language -listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or perform mathematical calculations -ex. perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia
4. 4. Determining a Learning Disability -oral expression -listening comprehension -written expression -basic reading skills -Reading fluency skills -Reading comprehension -mathematics calculation/ problem solving
5. 5. Modifications for Reading - Extended time allotted for completion -Repetitive passages -Study Sheets/ Outlines -Shortened text -Read then paraphrase -Taped Textbooks -Large print and/or highlighted text
6. 6. Modifications for writing -Provide an outline -Supplemental aids(vocab lists) -Shorter requirements -Scribe aid -Allow more time -Allow editing
7. 7. Grading -Emphasize successes -Credit for class participation -Assist with note taking -Self-testing -Allow more space for testing -Fewer repetitve test items -Record or ditate responses (technology)
8. 8. Social modifications -Give credit for participation -Tutoring assistance (peer, teacher, classmate) -Assistance with organization/planning - Reduce distractions (seating arrangement) -Cooling-off period -Breaks -Clearly define limits
9. 9. Technology aides -Voice to print technology -Supplemental aids (vocab lists) -Assignment notebooks --Multisensory materials -Taped textbooks/lectures -Place markers -Special furniture
10. 10. -Peer-to-peer instruction -10 minutes of social time -Differentiated instruction -Written instructions -Guides or aides
11. 11. Autism is a disability that seriously affects both a childs verbal and nonverbal disclosure, social behaviors, and learning. Children with Autism usually undertake repetitive activities and movements as well as resist environment or daily routine changes. There are six major characteristics of Autism: Atypical language development, atypical social development, repeated behavior behavior, sensory and movement disorder, and differences in intellectual functioning.
12. 12. Academic Success for Students with Autism The best way to assist high school students with autism with learning is by using a strategy called Discrete trial teaching which has three parts: Discriminative stimulus Response Reinforcing stimulus
13. 13. Example of Discrete Trial Teaching Say, for example, you want to teach an adolescent how to sort items into a container by color. You would ask the student to find the color blue first (discriminative) then, if the student finds the correct color (response), a verbal praise is given (reinforcer).
14. 14. Social Assistance Students with Autism have a hard time recognizing facial emotions so its hard for students to make friends. One strategy to promote friendships for students with Autism is to introduce them to extra curricular activities they will like; that way, they will be in a setting with others who have the same interests. In addition, a teacher could find out common interests among his/her students and buddy them up to help them make friends in the classroom as well.
15. 15. Physical Disabilities (Terminology) IDEA- orthopedic impairments Educators- Physical Disabilities Severe and Multiple disabilities Traumatic brain injuries Carina Oceguera
16. 16. What is a Physical Disability? Students with a physical disability have an acquired or congenital physical and/or motor impairment such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, developmental coordination disorder, amputations, genetic disorders, etc. The disability may interfere with the development or function of the bones, muscles, joints and central nervous system. Characteristics Paralysis - Unsteady gait Altered muscle tone - Loss of, or inability to use, one or more limbs Difficulty with gross-motor skills Difficulty with fine-motor skills
17. 17. What does this mean for the students education? Mobility Assessments Class participation Social isolation Attendance
18. 18. What Can We Do? Assistive Technology - Assistive writing tools - Switch technology Strategies for teaching - Classroom arrangement - Have parent/student/teacher meetings to ensure that the classroom has been adapted to properly accommodate the needs of the student as indicated by the IEP. - Modify assessments, assignments and activities.
19. 19. Social Interactions - Buddy systems - Participation in Physical Education - Welcoming Environment - Participation in activities throughout the school/community
20. 20. Summary These inclusionary methods mentioned in the presentation reflect the needs that students with Learning Disabilities, Autism, and Physical Disabilities have. This presentation provides general approaches towards providing an inclusive environment, each student should be accommodated with their needs in mind.The inclusion process is not a one size fits all approach but a very individualized process.
21. 21. Works Cited Adaptive Physical Education: Modifications for Children With Physical Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-physical-disabilities/49396-adaptive-physical-education- modifications-for-children/ Applications of Universal Design in Primary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.washington.edu/doit/programs/center-universal-design-education/applications-universal-design- primary-and-secondary http://www.mpsaz.org/falconhill/staff/kaczekanski/teachers/files/classroom_modifications_and_accommodations_ for_students_with_learning_disabilities.pdf Physical Disability. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/k12/studentsupportservices/physical.html Turnbull, A. (1995). 2;11. In Exceptional lives:Special Education in todays schools (Seventh edition ed., pp.38-42; 242-261). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Merrill