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10/7/2012 1 WHAT ARE THEY AND WHO ARE THEY FOR? A SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST IS FOR…? A disabled person who receives assets that would cause A disabled person who receives assets that would cause them to become ineligible for public benefits including health care and income (MediCal/SSI) A disabled person whose receives assets which are insufficient to provide them with support or cover the cost of health care A disabled minor A disabled adult

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Page 1: SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS.pptpgrtoc.org/.../4/5/4/24546169/pppoc-presentation-special_needs_trus… · WHAT IS A SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST AND WHAT IS IT USED FOR? yA legally authorized trust

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WHAT ARE THEY AND WHO ARE THEY FOR?

A SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST IS FOR…?A disabled person who receives assets that would cause A disabled person who receives assets that would cause them to become ineligible for public benefits including health care and income (Medi‐Cal/SSI)A disabled person whose receives assets which are insufficient to provide them with support or cover the cost of health careA disabled minorA disabled adult

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WHAT IS A SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST AND WHAT IS IT USED FOR?

A legally authorized trust created by a disabled person A legally authorized trust created by a disabled person (“self‐settled) or for the benefit of a disabled person by a third party.Allows for assets in the trust to be used to SUPPLEMENT BUT NOT REPLACE government benefitsPays for the supplemental needs of the disabled person

WHY DO YOU NEED A SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST?

Receipt of assets by a disabled person will result in Receipt of assets by a disabled person will result in disqualification for government assistanceThe value of the assets received is insufficient to pay for health care needs without rapid depletionTo preserve the right to receive government benefits while maintaining funds to cover the cost of supplemental needs

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OTHER ESTATE PLANNING OPTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF A DISABLED PERSON:

DIRECT DISTRIBUTION TO A DISABLED BENEFICIARY THROUGH A TRUST OR WILL: 

• Could result in loss of needs‐based government benefits; or• May require rapid Spend Down in Month Received; or• Can use funds to create a First Party/Self‐Settled SNT

DISINHERITDISINHERITSUPPORT TRUST

• Could result in loss of needs‐based government benefits; THIRD PARTY SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST

GOVERNMENT BENEFITS AVAILABLE FOR THE DISABLED

ENTITLEMENTSocial Security (Retirement)Social Security Disability (SSDI)Medicare

NEEDS BASED (MEANS TESTED)Supplemental Security Income (SSI)Medi‐Cal (Medicaid in other states)In Home Support Services (IHSS)In Home Support Services (IHSS)Subsidized Housing (HUD)Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF)California Children’s Services (CCS)

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SSI BENEFITS: What are they and who qualifies?

WHAT ARE SSI BENEFITS?

Monthly cash payments for food and shelter (clothing no longer included)For disabled personAlso referred to as SSI/SSP (state supplemental payment) – SSI: $698; SSP: $132.40 = Total Payment: $830.40/monthMonthly Payments in 2012: 

Single Person in own home: $830.40Single Person living in household of someone else: $609.16 (Minor: $516.17)Couple in own home: $1,407.20Couple living in household of someone else: $1,075.33

Automatic qualification for Medi‐Cal with no share of cost (co‐payment)Automatic qualification for In Home Support Service for assistance with activities of daily living including cooking, cleaning, bathing, etc.)

WHO QUALIFIES?Must be aged or disabledMust show financial need (limited assets and income )

ASSET LIMITATIONS FOR SSI:

No more than $2,000 in Countable ResourcesNo more than $2,000 in Countable ResourcesCountable Resources include:

Bank AccountsStocks, bonds, mutual fundsPromissory NotesReal property other than principal residencep p y p pSecond car

(20 CFR 416.1210, et.seq.)

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SSI BENEFIT REDUCTION BASED ON INCOME: WHAT IS INCOME?

IIncomeEarned: wages Unearned: annuities, pensions, spousal & child support, dividends, interest, royalties  prizes  gifts  death benefits  royalties, prizes, gifts, death benefits, worker’s compensation, inheritance, in‐kind support and maintenance

IN KIND SUPPORT & MAINTENANCE

IF SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST PAYS FOR THE FOLLOWING ITEMS, DEEMED IN‐KIND SUPPORT & MAINTENANCE & BENEFIT IS REDUCED OR ELIMINATED:1. Food2. Mortgage3. Real Property Taxes4. Rent

( )5. Heat & Fuel (not auto gasoline)6. Electricity7. Water8. Sewer9. Garbage removal

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HOW IS SSI BENEFIT REDUCED DUE TO IN‐KIND SUPPORT & MAINTENANCE?

Reduced by actual value of IKSM: ie. $150 in groceries Reduced by actual value of IKSM: ie. $150 in groceries reduces benefit by $130 (after $20 set‐aside)Maximum reduction is 1/3 of federal benefit rate ($244.66 in 2012 plus $20 )

EXAMPLE: SSDI: $650/mo. & SSI $180.40 – trust pays rent = $800, SSI benefit reduced by $225 + $20 = $245 = loss of SSI

If reduction is greater than benefit  LOSS OF SSIIf reduction is greater than benefit, LOSS OF SSILoss of SSI results in loss of Medi‐Cal and IHSS unless eligible under a different program

(20 CFR 416.1131)

MEDI‐CAL BENEFITS: WHAT ARE THEY AND WHO QUALIFIES?

What is Medi‐Cal?C lif i '  M di id   California's Medicaid program. Public health insurance program which provides needed health care servicesFinanced equally by the State and federal government.Only government program that pays for extended long term care

Who qualifies for Medi‐Cal?Low‐income individuals who prove need including:

Families with childrenSeniors

h d b lPersons with disabilitiesFoster carePregnant womenLow income people with specific diseases such as tuberculosis, breast cancer or HIV/AIDS

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ADVANTAGES OF SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS

Preservation of public benefitsPreservation of public benefitsResources maintained to meet ongoing supplemental needs of beneficiaryProfessional Management of assets availableCourt Supervision including regular court accountings and bonding of Trusteeg

DISADVANTAGES OF SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS

Lack of flexibility in use of the assetsLoss of control by beneficiary and/or familyCost of administration Court supervision – invasive & costlyDifficulty finding trustee for small estateLoss of privacy Court Accountings: invasive & costlyAnnual government review for eligibility Payback provisions

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TYPES OF SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS?1. FIRST PARTY “SELF‐SETTLED” SPECIAL NEEDS 

TRUSTS: ESTABLISHED BY:Disabled PersonUnder age 65Upon receipt of proceeds of a settlement or judgment from litigationUpon receipt of inheritanceMUST BE ESTABLISHED THROUGHMUST BE ESTABLISHED THROUGH:

Court approval of settlement (PC 3600)Parent or grandparentConservator/Guardian (PC 2580)Court confirmation of agent’s act under Power of Atty (PC 4541)

TYPES OF SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS (CONTINUED):

2. THIRD PARTY SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS2. THIRD PARTY SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTSEstablished by a Third Party within their trust OREstablished directly by a Third Party ANDCan be initiated during the life of the trust creator (trustor)Most commonly effective on death of trustor

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BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS:

DISABLED BENEFICIARYDISABLED BENEFICIARYIRREVOCABLE BY BENEFICIARYBENEFICIARY CANNOT BE THE TRUSTEEFUNDS NOT AVAILABLE FOR SUPPORT & MAINTENANCEFUNDS NOT AVAILABLE FOR FOOD & SHELTER FUNDS NOT AVAILABLE FOR FOOD & SHELTER WITHOUT DECREASE IN BENEFITDISTRIBUTIONS AT THE SOLE DISCRETION OF THE TRUSTEE

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRST PARTY/SELF‐SETTLED SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS:

Pursuant to 42 USC 1396p(d)(4)(A): Pursuant to 42 USC 1396p(d)(4)(A): Beneficiary must be disabledBeneficiary must be under age 65Trust must include Medi‐Cal payback provision Trust must be established by:o Parent/Grandparento Conservator/Guardiano Conservator/Guardiano Court Order (most courts accept power of atty)Pursuant to 42 USC 1396p(d)(4)(C): Pooled Trust can be used if over 65

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FIRST PARTY: LITIGATION SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS: PROBATE CODE ¶3600

For minors & incompetent adultspMust notify the Dept of Health Care Svcs., Dept of Mental Health & Dept. of Developmental Svcs.Trust must include payback provisionTrust must require regular court accountings & ongoing court supervisionT     i   ifi i   f  l  i  Trust must require notification of governmental agencies re: accountings & death of beneficiaryTrust must be court approved

COURT APPROVAL OF LITIGATION SNT’S REQUIRES:

Beneficiary must have disability that substantially Beneficiary must have disability that substantially impairs ability to provide for own care & constitutes a substantial handicapBeneficiary is likely to have special needs that will not be met without the SNTThat money to be placed in SNT does not exceed amount that is reasonably necessary to meet special needsRequirements found in Probate Code ¶3604

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FIRST PARTY SPECIAL NEEDS TRUSTS CREATED BY PARENT/GRANDPARENT:

Beneficiary must be competentBeneficiary must be competentBeneficiary must be under age 65Trust creator must have Power of Attorney for beneficiaryRequires Notice within 10 days of creation:

Department of Health ServicespDepartment of Mental HealthDepartment of Developmental Services

TRUST DRAFTING CONSIDERATIONS:

SOURCE OF FUNDS: First Party versus Third Party: SOURCE OF FUNDS: First Party versus Third Party: Payback provision required?TRUSTEE: Most appropriate: Corporate versus Family member – can the Trustee be bonded?COST: Ongoing Trust Administration: Court accountings, other petitions: consider value of trust: cost/benefit analysis.OPTIONS:  Availability of other alternatives.NEED FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS:  Is the beneficiary receiving or will they receive benefits?

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TRUST ADMINISTRATION ‐DISTRIBUTION:

TRUSTEE CAN DISTRIBUTE:Income only ORIncome and Principal

Standard Trust Distribution Language for Income and Principal:

“Th             l  f   h  b fi   f  h  “The trustee may pay to or apply for the benefit of the beneficiary as much of the trust net income and principal as the trustee, in the trustee’s discretion, considers necessary or advisable from time to time to meet the beneficiary’s special needs”

TRUST DISTRIBUTION CLAUSE: EFFECT ON BENEFITS

NO EFFECT ON BENEFITS:“The trustee shall not make any distributions which would interfere with the beneficiary’s public benefits or cause a loss or reduction in such benefits” –TRUSTEE CANNOT PROVIDE IN KIND SUPPORT 

REDUCTION IN BENEFITS:“The trustee may make distributions that the trustee deems are in the best interests of the beneficiary, even if such distributions cause a reduction in the beneficiary’s public benefits…” – TRUSTEE HAS DISCRETION TO PROVIDE IN KIND SUPPORT

LOSS OF BENEFITS:“The trustee may make distributions that the trustee deems are in the best interests of the beneficiary, even if such distributions cause a reduction in or loss of the beneficiary’s public benefits….”‐ EXERCISE OF DISCRETION MAY CAUSE LOSS OF BENEFITS

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ALLOWABLE TRUST DISTRIBUTIONS

1. Automobile/VanA i   i2. Accounting services

3. Acupuncture/Acupressure4. Appliances (TV, VCR, DVD player, stereo, microwave, stove, refrigerator, 

washer/dryer).5. Bottled water or water service6. Bus pass/public transportation costs7. Camera, film, recorder and tapes, development of film8. Clubs and club dues (record clubs, book clubs, health clubs, 

service clubs, zoo, advocacy groups, museums)C t  h d   ft     d I t t  i  9. Computer hardware, software, programs, and Internet service 

10. Conferences11. Courses or classes (academic or recreational) including books and supplies12. Curtains, blinds, drapes, and the like13. Dental work not covered by Medicaid, including anesthesia14. Down payment on home or security deposit on apartment15. Dry cleaning and/or laundry services

ALLOWABLE TRUST DISTRIBUTIONS (CONTINUED)

16. Elective surgery17 Fitness equipment17. Fitness equipment18. Funeral expenses19. Furniture, home furnishings20. Gasoline and/or maintenance for automobile21. Haircuts/salon services22. Hobby supplies23. Holiday decorations, parties, dinner dances, holiday cards24. Home alarm and/or monitoring/response system25. Home improvements, repairs and maintenance (not covered by 

Medical), including tools to perform home improvements, repairs and b hmaintenance by homeowner

26. Home purchase (to the extent not covered by benefits)27. House cleaning/maid services28. Insurance (automobile, home and/or possessions)29. Legal fees/advocacy  Linens and towels30. Magazine and newspaper subscriptions

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ALLOWABLE TRUST DISTRIBUTIONS (CONTINUED)

31 Massage31. Massage32. Musical instruments (including lessons and music)33. Non‐food grocery items (laundry soap, bleach, fabric softener,  deodorant, 

dish soap, hand and body soap, personal hygiene products, paper towels, napkins, Kleenex, toilet paper, and household cleaning products)

34. Over‐the‐counter medications (including vitamins and herbs, etc.)35. Personal assistance services not covered by Medicaid36. Pet and pet’s supplies, veterinary services37. Physician specialists if not covered by Medicaid38 Private counseling if not covered by Medicaid38. Private counseling if not covered by Medicaid39. Repair services (appliance, automobile, bicycle, household, fitness 

equipment)40. Snow removal/landscaping/gardening (lawn) services

ALLOWABLE TRUST DISTRIBUTIONS (CONTINUED)

41. Sporting goods/equipment/uniforms/team picturesS i     d  42. Stationery, stamps, cards, etc.

43. Storage units44. Taxicab45. Telephone service and equipment, including cell phone, pager,  etc.46. Therapy (physical, occupational, speech) not covered by Medi‐ Cal47. Tickets to concerts or sporting events (for beneficiary and an 

accompanying companion)48.  Transportation (automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, moped, gas,  bus 

passes, insurance, vehicle license fees, gas, car repairs)49. Utility bills (Direct TV, cable, TV, telephone not gas, water or 

electric)50. Vacation (including paying for a personal assistant to  accompany the 

beneficiary)

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THANK YOU!LAWOFFICE OF CHERYL L. WALSH27345 ORTEGA HWY., STE. 200SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO, CA 92675(949) 496‐8101EMAIL: [email protected]