Spacecraft Help Us Explore SpaceSpacecraft Help Us Explore Space

Space Race: USA vs. Soviet UnionSpace Race: USA vs. Soviet Union

Rockets to deliver nuclear bombs Rockets to deliver nuclear bombs across the world. across the world.

War would begin and end suddenly, War would begin and end suddenly, decisively, without warning. decisively, without warning.

As the Space Race began, the US As the Space Race began, the US and Soviet Union were building and Soviet Union were building rockets. rockets.

The United States favored bombersThe United States favored bombers Soviets preferred missiles this gave Soviets preferred missiles this gave

them lead in rocket technology.them lead in rocket technology. A rocket able to carry a bomb across A rocket able to carry a bomb across

the globe also could be used to loft the globe also could be used to loft machines and men into orbit. machines and men into orbit.

The United States and the Soviet The United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a long competition Union engaged in a long competition to develop rockets for both warfare to develop rockets for both warfare and the exploration of space.and the exploration of space.

Space Race effectively began after Space Race effectively began after the Soviet launch of Sputnik 1 on 4 the Soviet launch of Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957 October 1957

The First SatellitesThe First Satellites19571957 The Soviet Union The Soviet Union

launches Sputnik, the first launches Sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite. artificial Earth satellite. "Sputnik" is the Russian "Sputnik" is the Russian word for "Traveler.“word for "Traveler.“

1958 1958 The United States The United States launches its first satellite, launches its first satellite, Explorer I. Discovers Explorer I. Discovers radiation belt around Earthradiation belt around Earth

November 3, 1957 Sputnik 2 1. pressurized container2. Laika a dog

3. Laika lived 8 days

January 2, 1959: First to Orbit Sun1. Russian Luna 1 2. Hit the Moon3. Misses; flung out into space

4. Orbits the Sun

September 13, 1959: Impact on the MoonRussian Luna 2 hit the

Moon.

October 4, 1959Luna 3 photographs 70% the Moon's surface

First Satellites ContinuedFirst Satellites ContinuedApril 1, 1960: First Weather

Satellite1. Tiros 1: first successful weather

satellite2. Launched by the United States3. Two television cameras4. Operational for 78 days

July 14, 1965: First Images of Mars

1. Mariner 4 2. No sign of the famous

"canals" and no evidence

of life.

February 3, 1966: First Moon Landing1. Luna 9 soft-landing2. Transmitted pictures of the Moon's

surface3. Moon's surface strong enough to

support weight of a large spacecraft.

June 2, 1966: Surveyor 11. First American spacecraft to soft-land on the

moon. 2. 63 hours and 36 minutes3. 9 miles off its target in the Oceanus

Procellarum.4. Transmitted more than 11,000 high-

resolution photographs before its energy sources were depleted.

First Men in Space First Men in Space

April 12, 1961 First Man in SpaceApril 12, 1961 First Man in Space Cosmonaut Yuri A. GagarinCosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin The Vostok 1 The Vostok 1 One orbit in 108 minutes One orbit in 108 minutes The flight lasted only one hour and 48 minutesThe flight lasted only one hour and 48 minutes

May 5, 1961May 5, 1961First American in SpaceFirst American in SpaceOn May 5, 1961, Astronaut Alan Shepard On May 5, 1961, Astronaut Alan Shepard

Lasted 15-minutesLasted 15-minutes Experienced about 5 minutes of Experienced about 5 minutes of

"weightlessness“"weightlessness“ Tested the maneuvering capability of his Tested the maneuvering capability of his

Mercury capsuleMercury capsule

February 20, 1962: First American in February 20, 1962: First American in OrbitOrbit

John H. GlennJohn H. Glenn Atlas D rocketAtlas D rocket 3 complete orbits3 complete orbits 4 hours and 56 minutes.4 hours and 56 minutes.

March 18, 1965: First Space WalkMarch 18, 1965: First Space Walk Commander Pavel I. Belyayeu and Pilot Alexei Commander Pavel I. Belyayeu and Pilot Alexei

A. Leonov aboard Voskhod 2.A. Leonov aboard Voskhod 2. Alexei Leonov tethered space walk Alexei Leonov tethered space walk 12 minutes. 12 minutes.

SERGEI V. ILYUSHIN, JR. May have been first man in Space.

Landing on The MoonLanding on The Moon

February 3, 1966:First Landing on the Moon1. Luna 9 2. Demonstrated that the Moon's surface was strong enough to support the weight of a large spacecraft.

June 2, 1966: First US Spacecraft on the Moon 1. Surveyor 1 2. 63 hours and 36 minutes3. 9 miles off its target 4. Transmitted more than 11,000 photographs

December 21, 1968: First Manned Moon Orbit 1. Apollo 82. Frank Borman, James A. Lovell, Jr. and William A. Anders3. 10 orbits on its 6-day mission.

July 20, 1969: First Manned Landing1. Apollo 11 2. Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr.

Objects in Earth OrbitObjects in Earth Orbit

http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html

Skylab: May 14, 19731. Orbit was 270 miles above Earth. 2. Three different Apollo crews

a. May 25 to June 21, 1973b. July 28 to September 24, 1973c. November 16, 1973 to February 8, 1974

3. July 11, 1979, Skylab re-entered the Earth's atmosphere over western Australia.

February 19, 1986: Mir (Means world and peace in Russian)1. First consistently inhabited long-term research station in space.2. Internationally accessible3. Mir was assembled over 10yr period4. March 23, 2001: deliberately de-orbited, and broke apart during atmospheric re-entry.

1. The International Space Station (ISS) is a manned research space facility that is being assembled in orbit around the Earth. 2. ISS construction began on November 20, 19983. US, Russia, and Contracts with 15 other countries.

Travel to other WorldsTravel to other Worlds

Obstacles for us in Space

1. Air, water, & supplies

2. Harsh conditions

Crewless Craft’s Advantages

1. No risk to life

2. Less expensive