sp breeding trial protocols

8/19/2019 Sp Breeding Trial Protocols

1/45

PROCEDURES FOR THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OFSWEETPOTATO TRIALS

1st Version (2009)

Developed in MAPUTO (1.5 – 6.5. 2008) !AMPA"A (9.5 – 10.5. 2008)#A$%O&$ (15.5 – 18.5. 2008 'nd 9.2.2010) 'nd "i' (25.5 – 29.5.

2009)

2nd Version (2010)

$P$$AM#'%%$

%$

Sweetpotato Research Gu!es "SPRGs#Des*ri+e te*,nolo-ies t,'t ,'ve +een developed 'nd sed +/ $P in

*ooper'tion it, n'tion'l '-ri*ltre rese'r*, pro-r's to prooterese'r*, 'nd t,e e*,'n-e o inor'tion 'on- seetpot'tos*ientists.


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PROCEDURES FOR THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OFSWEETPOTATO TRIALS

T'+le o ontents

1. $#T%ODUT$O#........................................................................................ < 1 <

2. P%O7DU%7:........................................................................................... < @ <

2.1. Mltipl/ *lones or tri'l 'nd 'int'in t,eir identities.........................< @ <

2.2 Tri'l t/pes 'nd sele*tion s*,ees...................................................... < 5 <

;'rer P'rti*ip'tor/ V'riet/ :ele*tion (;PV:)......................................< 10 <

On


3/45

&' INTRODUCTION

&reedin- pro-r's involve l'r-e investents o tie 'nd one/ +t*'n p'/ ver/ l'r-e retrns on investent in t,e or o iprovedv'rieties ,i*, +enet 'rers so*ieties 'nd t,e environent.$ntern'tion'l +reedin- eEorts involvin- ltiple p'rtners 'nd t'r-etin-re-ion'll/ iport'nt *onstr'ints ,'ve -re't potenti'l or eF*ientl/ 'ndr'pidl/ '*,ievin- ip'*t. :t'nd'rdied inor'tion on t,e

peror'n*e o pro-enies 'nd sele*ted *lones '*ross environents isne*ess'r/ in order to 'ssist +reeders to eF*ientl/ '=e de*isions'+ot sele*tion 'nd v'riet/ rele'se. :t'nd'rdied et,ods 'lso'*ilit'te t,e reportin- o +reedin- pro-r' reslts to t,e '-en*ies t,'tspport s. T,is 'n'l o pro*edres or t,e ev'l'tion 'nd 'n'l/siso seetpot'to tri'ls provides st'nd'rd et,ods or p'rtners in $PGs-lo+'l +reedin- eEorts.

T,e 'n'l is t,e reslt o 'n iter'tive pro*ess involvin- dis*ssions'on- +reeders 't ' series o eetin-s ,eld over t,e p'st to /e'rsst'rtin- it, spport ro t,e 'rvestPls pro-r' o t,e $A% 'nd*ontinin- nder t,e :eetpot'to or Prot 'nd e'lt, $niti'tive. T,e'n'l is ' or= in pro-ress 'nd ill +e rened rt,er in t,e *oin-/e'rs in response to t,e needs o seetpot'to +reeders 'nd t,eprod*ers 'nd *onsers e serve. 3e 're e*ited '+ot t,e'ppli*'tion o ne et,ods to seetpot'to +reedin- in*ldin- 'n

'**eler'ted +reedin- 'ppro'*, t,'t ill ep,'sie re*rrent sele*tion'nd '/ '=e s/ste'ti* se o ,eterosis 'nd ,i*, ill le'd to t,erele'se ne v'rieties in @ /e'rs. :t'nd'rdied et,odolo-/ 'ndreportin- ill ,elp s to '*,ieve or o+?e*tives


4/45

reHires -ood +iolo-i*'l 'nd st'tisti*'l =noled-e.

A v'riet/ is 'l'/s *,'r'*teried +/ sever'l tr'its. A +etter v'riet/st ,'ve -ood peror'n*e over 'll tr'its 'nd 't le'st in oneiport'nt tr'it it st +e *le'rl/ sperior to 'll ot,er v'rieties ,i*,'re so 'r 'v'il'+le in ' re-ion. $t is not possi+le to *op're ' set o ne -enot/pes it, 'll eistin- v'rieties '*ross 'll t'r-etenvironents. T,ereore e ev'l'te 'nd *op're ne -enot/pesit, iport'nt st'nd'rd v'rieties (*,e*= v'rieties) in iport'ntenvironents (*,e*= environents). T,e *,e*= environents s,old+e represent'tive or t,e re-ion e 're 'iin- 't.

:ele*tion o ne v'rieties or ' re-ion reHires *op'rin- ne-enot/pes it, *,e*= v'rieties. T,is is ' ver/ *ople t's= 'nd '/involve 'n/ p'rtners or=inin diEerent pl'*es t,ro-,ot t,ere-ion. Onl/ ,'t is *op'r'+le *'n +e *op'redI $ e ev'l'tediEerent tr'its or i e se diEerent pro*edres to ev'l'te t,ese tr'its

in diEerent tri'ls e *'nnot *op're t,e peror'n*e o -enot/pes'*ross tri'ls. T,e s'e is tre i e se diEerent sets o ne -enot/pes'nd diEerent *,e*= v'rieties. Onl/ *oonl/ e'sred -enot/pes 'nd*,e*= v'rieties *'n +e *op'red. 3e distin-is, to desi-ns ,i*,'llo s to *op're reslts o tri'lsJ (i) T,e *oplete desi-n in ,i*,'ll -enot/pes 're *oonl/ tested '*ross 'll *,e*= environents 'nd(ii) t,e in*oplete desi-n in ,i*, onl/ ' r'*tion o 'll -enot/pes ('tle'st 6) 're tested '*ross 'll *,e*= environents. $ t,ere 're no or

onl/ ver/ e -enot/pes (1 to -enot/pes) *oonl/ tested '*ross*,e*= environents it is not possi+le to '=e e'nin-l *op'risons'ontri'ls. en*e t,ere needs to +e '-reeent 'on- +reeders'+otJ (i) t,e ost iport'nt tr'its to +e ev'l'ted (ii) st'nd'rdied


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st'-e.

Year & Year ( Year ) Year *Crossing block OT PT AT AT Multiplication

(1 to 3 ha)


6/45

,'ve so 'r not +een present

lones ,'ve to +e ltiplied to prod*e pl'ntin- 'teri'ls or initi'ltri'ls. "o*'ll/ iport'nt 's ell 's st'nd'rd *,e*= v'rieties s,old +ein*lded in ltipli*'tion plots to provide nior pl'ntin- 'teri'lsor tri'ls. Pl'ntin- 'teri'l o 'll t,e -enot/pes or 'n/ tri'l s,old to*oe ro ' sin-le sor*e 'nd t,e ,e'lt, st'ts o -enot/pes in t,etri'l s,old +e siil'r. Oten ' *oon ,e'lt, st'ts 'on- *lones isdiF*lt to '*,ieve. ;or e'ple lo*'l *lones i-,t not +e virs ree,ere's introd*ed *lones 're o+t'ined p't,o-en ree. $n s*, ' *'se

t,e eEe*t o t,e -enot/pe i-,t +e *ononded it, its ,e'lt, st'ts.:iil'r pro+les i-,t o**r 'lt,o-, /o 're not or=in- it,introd*ed *lones. :t'nd'rd *,e*= v'rieties i-,t ,'ve +een sed or' lon- tie it,ot renein- t,e ro ' sor*e o p't,o-en


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're s'll/ onl/ 'v'il'+le or *lones 'int'ined in -ene+'n=s. An/'/t,e n'll/ sele*ted *lones st +e orp,olo-i*'ll/ des*ri+ed 'nd

distin-is,'+le ro ot,er *lones to 'llo ' re-istr'tion 's ' nev'riet/. $ p+lis,ed 'nd o+served des*riptors (in*ldin- pi-ent'tiono oli'-e 'nd roots 'nd espe*i'll/ le' s,'pe) do not *oin*ide (inot,er ords i /o o+serve or t,e s'e *lone to diEerent t/pes)+ot, *lones *'n still +e entered in tri'ls. $n t,is *'se it is reHired toren'e t,e *lones to distin-is, t,e. Bo s,old se t,e ori-in'ln'e it, 'n etension ,ere t,e orp,olo-i*'ll/ diEerent t/pe ,'s+een o+served or t,e rst tie e.-. 4ont,'n


8/45

,erit'+le tr'its s*, 's ss*epti+ilit/ to p't,o-ens or stor'-e root Res,*olor. enot/pes sele*ted 'on- tre seed pl'nts enter o+serv'tion

tri'ls (OTs).

T,e o1ser3ato. -e,! tra, "OT# +elon-s to t,e e'rl/ +reedin-st'-es. T,e +reeder ,'s to ev'l'te 'n/ -enot/pes (sever'lt,os'nds) -ron ro *ttin-s o tre seed pl'nts 'nd ost o t,e-enot/pes -ron in OTs *le'rl/ do not eet ' loest '**ept'+le v'lein 't le'st one *,'r'*ter. OTs 're 'lso re*oended or *lones ,i*,'re introd*ed ro ot,er re-ions o t,e orld (i) to o+t'in ' +etter

nderst'nd ,o to ,'ndle orei-n 'teri'ls 'nd (ii) to dis*'rd *lones,i*, *le'rl/ do not eet ini '**ept'+le v'les in t,e nere-ion. $n t,e seetpot'to +reedin- pro-r' 't $P e pl'nt OTsit,ot repli*'tion in ' sin-le


9/45

or *rosses or popl'tion developent 'nd (ii) to enter PTs or v'riet/developent 'nd sele*tion respe*tivel/ (see +elo). All *rosses 're

*'rried ot +/ *ontrolled *rossin-s. $n *ontr'st to pol/*ross nrseriest,is reslts in ore +'l'n*ed seed prod*tion per p'rent sin*e +ot,p'rents *'n +e *ontrolled. :ele*tion t,eor/ tells s t,'t *ontrolled*rosses 're ore eF*ient t,'n pol/*rosses. ,oever *onsider'+l/eer seeds *'n +e prod*ed sin- *ontrolled *rosses. rrentrese'r*, 'is to *op're pro-ress sin- +ot, 'ppro'*,es.Q Or*rosses 're *'rried ot in ' '*tori'l desi-n (t,e +est it, t,e rest) in,i*, '+ot 6 (250


10/45

nior tri'ls (UTs) n'tion'l tri'ls (#Ts) 'nd elite tri'ls (7Ts) 're sedor ATs. oever s'll/ t,ese ,'ve t,e s'e plot sie 'nd t,e s'e

tr'its ,'ve to +e re*orded 's or ATs. $t s,old +e noted t,'t #Ts 'nd7Ts 're sed or t,ose n'll/ sele*ted *lones to +e tested '-'inst '-rop o *,e*= *lones or v'riet/ rele'se. $n t,is *'se e distin-is,+eteen ATs 'nd #Ts or 7Ts +t 'll t,ree ,'ve t,e s'e plot sie 'ndt,e s'e tr'its ,'ve to +e re*orded. T,e/ diEer in t,e n+er o *lones to +e tested – s'll/ in #Ts or 7Ts ' s'ller n+er o *lones istested *op'red to ATs so t,'t t,e test pre*ision S poer is l'r-er*op'red to ATs (see st'tisti*'l 'n'l/sis 'nd ltiple *op'rison

pro*edres).

T,e pre,0.ar- -e,! tra, "PT# is nor'll/ *'rried ot in to roplots @0


11/45

pro3!e! . the Appe.!5' Howe3er% the recor!.2 o/ a!!to.a,trats s opto.a, / the 1ree!er th.7s o.e or 0ore trats 0ust

1e recor!e! /or a. approprate se,ecto. . hs tar2ete.3ro.0e.t'

#oteJ T,e 'in Hestion in sele*tion is ,o 'n/ -enot/pes s,old +esele*ted $ 'lost none o t,e *lones in ' tri'l eet t,e loest'**ept'+le v'le in e'*, tr'it t,ere is not *, *,oi*e. oever 'ter-ood OTs ost -enot/pes s,old eet t,e loest '**ept'+le v'le'*ross 'll *,'r'*ter. V'riet/ sele*tion is ' lti


12/45

't le'st 't one lo*'tion t,e AT ,'s to +e *'rried or it, 'rerp'rti*ip'tion (det'ils see +elo). T,is eliin'tes t,e possi+ilit/ o

pttin- or'rd -enot/pes or oF*i'l v'riet/ rele'se t,'t 're not'**epted +/ 'rers. T,e sele*ted *lones (5 to 8) 're re


13/45

t,e ost iport'nt *,'r'*teristi*s in :+


14/45

tri'ls sin- st'nd'rdied et,ods des*ri+ed in se*tion @ s,old +etr'nsored into reeren*e nits. ;or inst'n*e t,e n+er o

,'rvested pl'nts divided +/ t,e n+er o *ttin-s pl'nted old +esrviv'l /ield e'sred in =-Splot st +e *onverted to tS,' et*.Ater t,is pro*essin- step sort t,e d't' to +e 'n'l/ed +/ lo*'tion-enot/pe 'nd repli*'tion. T,e A#OVA (An'l/sis o V'ri'n*e) 'nd e'n*op'risons (e.-. ":D or T=e/ test) +e*oe sel tools or *lon'lsele*tion. $n se*tion e -ive re*oend'tions or +reeders to'n'l/e d't' ro t,eir tri'ls sele*t *lones 'nd report reslts. On t,eot,er ,'nd e 'll st ollo t,e des*ription o d't' *olle*tion in

sele*tion @ (Appendi 1 2 'nd @) in order to report t,e reslts o orseetpot'to v'riet/ sele*tion pro-r's to or donors. T,e r' d't're*orded in t,e ors 'nd s,eets in 'ppendi 1 2 'nd @ st +e 'de'v'il'+le to $P ro 2008 on. $P re-ion'l +reeders ill or= it,n'tion'l p'rtners on ' *ontinin- +'sis to '*,ieve niorit/ H'lit/*onsisten*/ 'nd relev'n*e o d't' ro +reedin- tri'ls.


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)' DESCRIPTION OF DATA COLLECTION FOR+S AND

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEIR USE

#oteJ 3,ile nder soe *ir*st'n*es t,ere 're diEerent e'nin-so t,e ords v'ri'+le tr'it 'nd 'ttri+teN or or prposes e set,ese ords s/non/osl/.Q $n eperients e distin-is, +eteen*l'ssi*'tion v'ri'+les 'nd response v'ri'+les ,i*, ,'ve to +e'n'l/ed. l'ssi*'tion v'ri'+les ,elp s to identi/ plots 'nd ,o

eperient'l '*tors 'nd '*tor levels 're 'pplied to plots (e.-. /e'rlo*'tion -enot/pe -enot/pe n'e repli*'tion). T,e *l'ssi*'tionv'ri'+les *'n +e *op'r'+le to or ,oe 'ddress +/ ,i*, e *'nidenti/ ,o is livin- ,ere (*ontr/ ton street n'e). l'ssi*'tionv'ri'+les 'llo s to identi/ ' plot its lo*'tion ,i*, -enot/pe 'spl'nted in it 'nd ,o t,e plot 's tre'ted. Moreover *l'ssi*'tionv'ri'+les 're needed to provide st'tisti*'l pro-r' p'*='-es it,inor'tion '+ot ,o t,e d't' ere or-'nied (e.-. d't' re*ords 're

sorted +/ lo*'tions it,in lo*'tions +/ -enot/pes 'nd it,in-enot/pes +/ repli*'tions) 'nd t,e/ 're sed to inor st'tisti*'lpro*edres '+ot ,o to 'n'l/e t,e d't' re*ords.

V'ri'+les ,i*, ,'ve to +e 'n'l/ed *'n +e distin-is,edJ (i)p'r'etri* v'ri'+les (re'l n+ers olloin- 'n 'pproi'tel/ nor'ldistri+tion (e.-. stor'-e root /ield pper +io'ss /ield stor'-e rootdr/ 'tter et*.) (ii) non p'r'etri* v'ri'+les (re'l n+ers ,i*,

s,o stron- devi'tions ro ' nor'l distri+tion (e.-. dise'sed''-e) (iii) r'n= v'ri'+les (e.-. s*ores it, ' s*'le o 1 to 9 or vinestren-t, or s*ores it, ' s*'le o 1 to 5 or stor'-e root +er *ontent

1 t @ di t t, l d d d i


16/45

#ote on r'tin- s*'lesJ $n -ener'l t,e 'ppro'*, t,'t e ,'ve t'=enit, r'tin- s*'les is to se ' 1 to 9 s*'le settin- 1 's -ood 'nd 9 's

+'d (in t,e *'se o ,edoni* s*'les) or settin- 1 's '+sen*e o 'pro+le (in t,e *'se o dise'ses 'nd pests). ;or ' e tr'its in*ldin-vine vi-or 'nd *oo=ed root stor'-e H'lit/ tr'its t,is lo-i* doesnGt ,oldpere*tl/. T,s or vine vi-or e ,'ve set 1 to loest 'nd 9 to ,i-,est.in soe pl'*es est'+lis,ed +reedin- pro-r's '/ ,'ve 'lre'd/developed diEerent r'tin- s*'les (e.-. 1 to @ or 1 to 5 or 1 to 9). $t isor ,ope t,'t 'll o or p'rtners in t,is *oll'+or'tive seetpot'to+reedin- eEort ill +e illin- to 'dopt 'nd se t,e s*'les -iven +elo

so t,'t 'll '/ +enet ro t,e poer o t,e inor'tion providedro *op'r'tive 'n'l/sis o or *o+ined reslts.

&elo e provide det'iled ors 'nd instr*tions or se. 3e ,'ve 'lsono developed ' *opter pro-r' lone:ele*tor ,i*, *ont'ins t,es'e ors 'nd ,i*, si-ni*'ntl/ 'to'tes t,e t's=s o '=in-eld +oo=s *olle*tin- 'nd 'n'l/in- d't'. T,e lone:ele*tor pro-r''nd instr*tion 'n'l *'n +e ond 't,ttpJSSseetpot'to=noled-e.or-.

For0s &a a.! &1$ Sweetpotato O1ser3ato.a, Tra, "Ge.era,I./or0ato.#

T,is or reHests esse.ta, inor'tion or t,e o+serv'tion tri'l s*,'s lo*'tion plot sie 'nd tri'l 'n'-eent pr'*ti*es. $t 'lso provides

sp'*e or t,e reslts o soil 'n'l/ses 'nd eteorolo-i*'l d't' ,i*,'dds v'le to t,e inor'tion on peror'n*e o -enot/pes in t,e tri'ls+/ ,elpin- to identi/ p'tterns 'on- eperient'l sites 'nd '-ro<e*olo-i*'l ones respe*tivel/


17/45

16. Tr'its ev'l'ted in t,e OT1C. #+ers o 'ilies (pol/*ross or *ontrolled *ross) in tri'l

'nd n+er o -enot/pes18. oents on t,e o+serv'tion tr'il

For0($ Sweetpotato O1ser3ato.a, Tra, "Data Sheet#

T,e o+serv'tions in t,e OT to +e re*orded 're restri*ted to sele*ted*lones. T,is ill 'llo s to identi/ t,e ost s**essl *rosses ,i*,ill t,en +e repe'ted on ' l'r-er s*'le (i.e. 500 to 1000 seeds per

*ross *o+in'tion). T,e d't' to +e re*orded 'reJ

1. lone #+er ored +/ ' n+er or t,e 't,er ' n+er ort,e ot,er 'nd t,e n+er o t,e *lones it,in t,e 'il/. $nt,e *'se o *lones ro pol/*rosses le've t,e *olns or t,e't,er ept/ or set t,e to ero.

2. Pedi-ree n'e i t,e 't,er 'nd ot,er o t,e *lone ,'ve 'lre'd/n'es or e'ple 4on't,'n :P!00

@. $ndi*'te *,e*= v'rieties 'nd t'=e d't' on *,e*=s or *op'risons4# $ndi*'te t,e tr'its re*orded in t,e OT 'nd in t,e *'se o s*ores

identi/ t,e e'nin- o t,e s*ores. 7'ples -iven in t,e d't's,eet 're root 'nd vine /ield per plot ,i*, old +e sed to*'l*l'te ,'rvest inde 'nd Res, *olor

5. %e*ord t,e o+serv'tion o tr'its or e'*, sele*ted *lone

For0s )a a.! )1$ Sweetpotato Preliminary (PT) and Advanced

Yield Trial (AT) (General Information)


18/45

8. T/pe o Tri'la# 1< Preliin'r/ (PT) 2< Adv'n*ed (AT) @< On


19/45

%# ,e*= 5 ,e*= 6

16. Ot,er *oents on events t,'t o**rred drin- t,e tri'l

For0*a' weetpotato genotypes in trial. T,is is t,e or or 'int'inin- ' det'iled re*ord o t,e n'es o*lones entered in t,e tri'l 'nd sees to +e Hite sperRos t,o-, it'/ +e sel or 'ssi-nin- ' siple *ode n+er to e'*, -enot/pe.

For0s *1% c% a.! ! are /or pre@har3est% har3est a.! post@har3est !ata /ro0 PT a.! ATs 'nd st +e lled in *opletel/.V'ri'+les 1 t,ro-, 10 in 're *l'ssi*'tion v'ri'+les 'nd 're repe'tedin e'*, or. ;or d is or post,'rvest d't' ,i*, does not need to+e *olle*ted ro 'll entries. $ response d't' 're issin- or 'p'rti*l'r tr'it t,e *ells it, issin- d't' re*eive t,e d't' re*ord NN /or 0ss.2 3a,ue.

1. ontr/ *ode2. " "o*'tion or :$T7@. T Tri'l t/pe. B Be'r5. : :e'son6. P# Plot #+erC. % %epli*'tion8. -enot/pe n+er (@ di-its or t,e /e'r o t,e *ross t,e

*lone is tr'*in- +'*= to X @ di-its or t,e 't,er n+er X @di-its or t,e ot,er n+er 'nd di-its or t,e *lone n+erin t,e 'il/. T,e or ro t,e +reeders eetin- loo=s diEerent.

9 : siple -enot/pe *ode or 1 to # (# tot'l n+er o


20/45

plot (stnted).

1. V$%2 virs s/ptos 2nd ev'l'tion (to +e deterined 1

ont, +eore ,'rvest re*orded in s*ores ro 1 to 9 'sdes*ri+ed or V$%1).

15. A"T1 Altern'ri' s/ptos 1st ev'l'tion (to +edeterined to 6 ee=s 'ter pl'ntin-) re*orded in s*ores ro1 to 9 ,ere 1 indi*'tes no s/ptos 2 Un*le'r s/ptos@ le'r s/ptos 't Y5 per plot le'r s/ptos 't 6to 15 o pl'nts per plot 5 le'r s/ptos 't 16 to @@ o

pl'nts per plot (less t,'n 1S@) 6 le'r s/ptos 't @ to 66o pl'nts per plot (ore t,'n 1S@ less t,'n 2S@) C le'rs/ptos 't 6C to 99 o pl'nts per plot (2S@ to 'lost 'll) 8 le'r s/ptos 't 'll pl'nts (not ll/ deoli'ted) 9 :everes/ptos 't 'll pl'nts per plot (ll/ deoli'ted).

16. A"T2 Altern'ri' s/ptos 2nd ev'l'tion (to +edeterined 1 ont, +eore ,'rvest re*orded in s*ores ro 1to 9 's des*ri+ed or A"T1).

1C. VV vine vi-or 1st ev'l'tion (to +e deterined 1 ont,+eore ,'rvest re*orded in s*ores ro 1 to 9 ,ere 1 ne'rl/no vines 2 e'= vines t,in stes ver/ lon- internodedist'n*es @ e'= to edi stron- vines edi t,i*=stes 'nd lon- internode dist'n*es edi stron- vinesedi t,i*= stes 'nd edi internode dist'n*es 5 edi stron- vines t,i*= vines 'nd lon- internode dist'n*es

6 edi stron- vines t,i*= stes 'nd edi internodedist'n*es C :tron- vines t,i*= stes s,ort internodedist'n*es 'nd edi


21/45

stor'-e roots per plot sin- $P *olor *,'rt notin- t,e p'-en+er ro t,e *olor *,'rt on t,e d't' s,eet. $ /o donGt ,'ve

' *olor *,'rt se ' 1 to 9 s*'le ,ere 1 ,ite 2 *re' @ d'r= *re' p'le /ello 5 d'r= /ello 6 p'le or'n-e C interedi'te or'n-e 8 d'r= or'n-e 'nd 9 stron-l/pi-ented it, 'nt,o*/'nins (prple). #oteJ soe '/ nd itore *onvenient to deterine s=in 'nd Res, *olor in t,el'+or'tor/ sin- s'ples t'=en or dr/ 'tter deterin'tion.Q

2C. %: Over'll 'ssessent o stor'-e root sie +'sed oninspe*tion o t,e ,'rvested roots. Use ' 1 to 9 s*'le ,ere 1

e*ellent @ -ood 5 'ir C poor 'nd 9 terri+le it,n+ers in +eteen representin- interedi'te r'tin-s.

28. %; Over'll 'ssessent o stor'-e root or +'sed oninspe*tion o t,e ,'rvested roots. Use ' 1 to 9 s*'le ,ere 1 e*ellent @ -ood 5 'ir C poor 'nd 9 terri+le it,n+ers in +eteen representin- interedi'te r'tin-s.

29. DAM% #ote stor'-e root dee*ts i proinent in*ldin-*r'*=s veins *onstri*tions 'nd -rooves or ' predoin'n*e o pen*il roots.

@0. 37D1 Over'll 'ssessent o eevil d''-e +'sed oninspe*tion o t,e ,'rvested roots. Use ' 1 to 9 s*'le ,ere 1 no d''-e @ inor 5 oder'te C ,e'v/ 'nd 9 severed''-e it, n+ers in +eteen representin- interedi'ter'tin-s.

*!# Sweetpotato Bua,t-'

Note . PTs o.,- the top /racto. o/ c,o.es "&> to (> o/ a,, PTc,o.es# .ee!s to 1e !eter0.e!% whereas . ATs a,, c,o.es ha3e


22/45

oist @ oist 5 oder'tel/ dr/ C dr/ 'nd 9 ver/ dr/it, n+ers in +eteen representin- interedi'te r'tin-s.

@C. OOT Over'll t'ste o *oo=ed s'ples 'ssessed sin- '1 to 9 s*'le ,ere 1 e*ellent @ -ood 5 'ir C poor'nd 9 ,orri+le it, n+ers in +eteen representin-interedi'te r'tin-s.

@8. OOAP Appe'r'n*e o *oo=ed s'ples 'ssessed sin- '1 to 9 s*'le ,ere 1 ver/ 'ppe'lin- @ 'ppe'lin- 5 soe,'t 'ppe'lin- C n'ppe'lin- 9 ver/ n'ppe'lin-it, n+ers in +eteen representin- interedi'te r'tin-s.

FOR+ >a' Sweetpotato /ar0er partcpator


23/45

*' SUGGESTIONS FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND CLONAL

SELECTION

:ever'l v'ri'+les *'n +e derived ro t,e r' d't' o '-ronoi* tri'ls'nd *'n +e eEe*tive in ev'l'tin- t,e peror'n*e o *lones. ere e*onsider onl/ t,e tot'l stor'-e root /ield per ,e*t're 'nd stor'-e rootdr/ 'tter *ontent 's ' stJ

Bield o tot'l %oots Per e*t're RYTha "CRW NCRW#NET p,otarea . 0(# 5 &:'

:tor'-e root dr/ 'tter *ontent D+ "D+F D+D# 5 &::'

;rt,er v'ri'+les derived ro r' d't' s,old +e *'l*l'ted it,in t,e'n'l/sis o st'tisti*'l pro-r' p'*='-es. :--estions or rt,erv'ri'+les to *'l*l'te 'reJ

:rviv'l or 7st'+lis,ent "SHI# "NPH Nu01er o/ cutt.2s perNET p,ot area# 5 &::'

'rvest $nde ($) 100 %3 X #%3S(V3 X %3 X #%3) i.e.root ei-,tStot'l root X oli'-e ei-,t)

*'& Statstc Pro2ra0 Pac7a2es

$P provides st'tisti*'l spport or d't' re*orded it, t,e ;ors + 'nd *.T,e spport is restri*ted to t,e pro-r' p'*='-es P"A&:TAT (' ree to don


24/45

% is ' ree pro-r'in- l'n-'-e 'nd sot're environent or st'tisti*'l*optin-. As it, :A: it reHires ' ,i-, st'tisti*'l =noled-e 'nd

pro-r'in- '+ilities to +e sed. "ine'r odels *'n +e tted it, t,e +'sedistri+tion o %. To t line'r 'nd nonline'r ied eEe*ts odels /o illneed to donlo'd 'nd inst'll li+r'r/ nle. T,e +'se distri+tion *ontri+tedp'*='-es 'nd do*ent'tion '+ot % *'n +e ond 't ,ttpJSS.r<pro?e*t.or-.

*'( Data A.a,-ss E5a0p,e

Data set

T,e e'ple d't' set 's t'=en ro Me-' lone tri'ls. $t 's red*ed to 5*lones (:'ntoA'ro 4on't,'n %esisto >s,18 T'n'ni') 'nd @ lo*'tions(,i*l'/o "'ZMolin' :'nZ%'on). Or Me-' lone tri'ls -ener'll/ ,'ve onl/2 repli*'tions. T,e d't' set *oprises

the c,ass


25/45


26/45

+o!e,

T,e st'tisti*'l odel is( ) ijl jk ij jiijk Y ε γ αβ β α µ +++++= )(

,ereJ

• ijk Y is t,e response v'ri'+le (TB"D,' DM or &) it, -enot/pe i 't

lo*'tion j repetition k .

• iα is t,e ed eEe*t o -enot/pe i.

• jβ is t,e r'ndo eEe*t o lo*'tion j. 3e 'sse t,'t jβ ,'s ' nor'l

distri+tion it, e'n 0 'nd v'ri'n*e #2

bσ

• ( ) ijαβ is t,e r'ndo inter'*tion eEe*t +eteen -enot/pe i 'nd lo*'tion j.

• )( jk γ is t,e r'ndo eEe*t o repetition ,itin- lo*'tion j.

• ijk ε is t,e r'ndo error ter. 3e 'sse t,'t ijk ε ,'s ' nor'l

distri+tion it, e'n 0 'nd v'ri'n*e #2

eσ

#ot 'l'/s ni*e to re'd +t sel or p+li*'tions. $t is iport'nt is to =not,e diEeren*e +eteen ed 'nd r'ndo eEe*ts. $ e *op're e'ns o -enot/pes in 'dv'n*ed lti


27/45

*') Co0putato.s /or our e5a0p,e us.2 PLA8STAT

PLA8STAT I.put

I0porta.t$ I. the wa- we use PLA8STAT here the !ata 0ust 1esorte! accor!.2 to the or!er o/ the /actors . the [/actor[

state0e.t' $n or e'ple lo*'tion -enot/pe 'nd repli*'tion. P"A&:TATre'ds t,e d't' lines (ros) '**ordin- to t,is sorted order 'nd i t,e d't' linesor ros 're not sorted in t,is order or reslts old +e ' e'nin-less essde to ied p '*tor levels.

'REFERENCE' 5 Megaclones at 3 Locations'FACTORS' L=3 G=5 R=2'MODEL' L + G + LG + R:L + RLG'ANOA!""""' # # #'AR$A%LE&NAMES' TR( NO)* S*$ FLDa TLDa DMM DM %CM %C'NAMES&OF&TR!L' Cicla,o La&Molina San&Ra-on'NAMES&OF&TR!G' SantoA-a.o /onatan Resisto 01s1"# Tanania'RANDOM' L R'*ER$TA%' G'S%$NT'LG'MEAN' GL'T%T&TA%' GL'RN'244 Cicl s1- NO 6444"" SantoA-a.o " " "378 74 "" 378 "47"5 6#7#9 2 33733 6 39734244 Cicl s1- NO 6444"" SantoA-a.o " 2 "87" 3674 "# 4744 "278 257"9 2 38725 6 4763244 Cicl s1- ES 6244"6 /onatan 2 " "275 673 "3 63733 972 36734 2 2#7## 6 "6748

244 Cicl s1- ES 6244"6 /onatan 2 2 "275 287# "2 64744 972 24759 2 3274 6 ;244 Cicl s1- NO 66444" Resisto 3 " 973 "#7 "" 35744 7#9 "378# 2 2759 6 66272244 Cicl s1- NO 66444" Resisto 3 2 #79 2975 " 5"78 759 2"7#5 2 279# 6 246752244 Cicl s1- NO 664425 01s1"# 6 " "678 2874 " 53733 "47#9 24744 2 3472# 6 47"6244 Cicl s1- NO 664425 01s1"# 6 2 "478 5274 "# 4744 8793 3#752 2 2974# 6 9279244 Cicl s1- NO 664" Tanania 5 " " 2 8 5 "2 3# 33 "2 44 5 5 2 33 64 6 93 65


28/45

option or ' reeren*e *oent or n'e o t,e d't' set /o 're -oin- to'n'l/e.

< $n t,e 2nd

st'teent line /o ,'ve to spe*i/ t,e '*tors in /or eperient.ere e ,'ve @ '*tors ("o*'tion -enot/pe 'nd repli*'tion) n'ed " %. T,e 1st '*tor – lo*'tion < ,'s t,ree '*tor levels ("@). T,e 2nd '*tor <-enot/pe < ,'s ve '*tor levels (5). T,e @ rd '*tor ,'s to '*tor levels.A-'in note t,'t t,e '/ e se P"A&:TAT ,ere t,e d't' ,'ve to +e sorted +/lo*'tion -enot/pe 'nd repli*'tion prior to t,e 'n'l/sis.

< $n t,e @rd st'teent line spe*i/ t,e odel ('ter t,e \MOD7"G st'teent).$n or *'se ' *oplete r'ndoied +lo*= eperient (%&7) *'rried ot 't '

series o lo*'tions see 'lso r'ndoied *oplete +lo*= desi-n it, 1 '*torin ' series over pl'*es in t,e P"A&:TAT 'n'l (7n-lis, version)Q. $n t,eAPP7#D$> o t,e P"A&:TAT 'n'l ' V7%B sel *olle*tion o [MOD7"[st'teent lines or eperient'l desi-ns is -iven.

< 3it, the ANOVA state0e.t /o re'd d't' 'nd *ond*t 'n 'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e or +'l'n*ed d't' (issin- v'les p to 15 ill +e esti'ted too+t'in ' +'l'n*ed d't' set). T,e H'lier 'ter t,e or'rd sl's, NSN is sedor *ontrollin- inpt 'nd otpt. T,e H'lier L *onsists o di-its n'el/M$:: 7>T% P%$# 'nd #73; (e.-. 1111J M$:: 0 eros 're not interpreted's issin- v'les or M$:: 1 eros 're interpreted 's issin- v'les(de'lt) 7>T% 0 no test on etree v'les or otliers or 7>T% 1 test o resid'ls on etree v'les (de'lt) 7>T% 2 test o resid'ls 'nd eEe*tson etree v'les (or P%$# 'nd #73; ple'se see P"A&:TAT 'n'l). T,eH'lier is olloed +/ @ n+ers. T,e 1st is sed or t,e n+er o v'ri'+les(*olns) to +e i-nored or t,e 'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e – t,ese 're t,e v'ri'+les(*olns) t,'t 're sed 's *l'ssi*'tion v'ri'+les or or d't' set. $n ore'ple (see +elo) t,e rst 8 *olns (see 1st roJ 2006 ,i*l s #O

00011 :'ntoA'ro 1 1) 're sed 's *l'ssi*'tion v'ri'+les or or d't' set. T,e 2nd n+er is sed or t,e n+er o v'ri'+les (*olns) to +e re'd ort,e 'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e. T,e @rd n+er is sed or t,e n+er o v'ri'+lesto +e 'n'l/ed in t,e 'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e


29/45

' r'ndo '*torIII

#ote @J T,e '*tor -enot/pe () is ' ed '*tor ,en /o 'nt to

*op're e'n diEeren*es 'on- -enot/pes or e'ple +/ t,e le'stsi-ni*'nt diEeren*e (":D) test. oever '*tor -enot/pe () is 'r'ndo '*tor ,en /o 'nt to esti'te 'nd *op're v'ri'n*e*oponents 's ell 's ,erit'+ilities.

< T,e st'teent [7%$TA&[ reHests t,e *'l*l'tion o ,erit'+ilities on t,e+'sis o t,e v'ri'n*e *oponent esti'tions in t,e A#OVA – t,is is s'll/done or t,e '*tor -enot/pe ().

< T,e state0e.t SU8INT reHests t,e *'l*l'tion o ' st'+ilit/ 'n'l/sis 'nd

st'+ilit/ p'r'eters or t,e inter'*tion ter in or *'se t,e -enot/pe +/environent inter'*tion (")Q. T,e st'+ilit/ p'r'eters (slope o re-ressionlines devi'tions ro re-ression lines e*ov'len*e et*.) 're *'l*l'ted or+ot, '*tors (in or *'se -enot/pes 'nd lo*'tions).

#ote J $n pl'nt +reedin- t,e st'+ilit/ o environents is oten o interest +e*'se +reeders 'nt to sele*t in environent in ,i*, t,e/*'n distin-is, ell +eteen -enot/pes.

< T,e st'teent [M7A#[ reHests ' t'+le it, e'ns '*ross t,e '*tor levels

'nd +/ '*tor levels.< T,e st'teent [T&TZTA&[ 'llos /o to rite t,e *'l*l'tions o t,e [M7A#[st'teent in ' le sep'r'te ro t,e rest o t,e otpt le or rt,er 'n'l/sis(e.-. AMM$ 'n'l/sis or inde sele*tion pro*edre).

< 3it, t,e st'teent [%U#[ P"A&:TAT st'rts to re'd /or d't' set.

< 3it, t,e st'teent [7OD[ P"A&:TAT stops re'din- /or d't' set.

< 3it, t,e st'teent [:TOP[ t,e P"A&:TAT pro-r' stops (eit 'nd no rt,er'n'l/sis).

#ote 5J Bo *'n rn sever'l 'n'l/ses (sever'l +lo*=s ro st'teent[%7;7%7#7[ ntil st'teent [7OD[). $n t,is '/ /o *'n 'n'l/e /or d't'or 'll '*tors r'ndo 'nd or 1 '*tor (-enot/pe) ed it, 'll ot,er '*tors


30/45

So1.ce DF SS MS a.7cB s>7cB F DFNM DFDN s7e7 LSD5 L 2 543765 25"7#323 237848 "87#329 "75; 2744 3744 "723 5753 G 6 99873#64 2697364 "379"34 2799"2 "754 6744 #744 572 "87"5

GL # "3279658 "57##2 2876""9 627"6 "769 #744 "2744 8765 2279 R:L 3 6573855 "57"252 "97"#39 #7496 47"6 3744 "2744 678" "6752 RGL "2 "33275335 """74665 """74665 6"79849 Total 29 624579432 *ER$TA% 3376# >6987#" #7#2

T,ese 're t,e reslts or t,e 'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e ,i*, in*ldes in P"A&:TATt,e v'ri'n*e *oponents (V'r.*p) ,i*, 're ver/ iport'nt p'r'eters orpl'nt +reedin-. T,e 'steris= 'ter t,e ; v'le or " indi*'tes t,'t t,is eEe*t issi-ni*'nt 'nd t,e le'st si-ni*'nt diEeren*es 't t,e 5 level (":D5) 're-iven in t,e l'st *oln it, t,e v'le or " (5.5@) +ein- t,e onl/ one o

interest sin*e t,e 'nd " eEe*ts 're not si-ni*'nt.

S1?iision o toa, tale G ; L COM)OND ANOA So1.ce o a.iation DF SS MS a.co-B Fal1e G ;L # "3279658 "57##2 2876""9 "769

Nona??iti >T@E " "75582 "75582 72595 474"*et7Reg.7G 3 2676569 ##7"5" 2#766#9 4736*et7Reg.7L " 2#6739#9 2#6739#9 275556 "7"4Deiat7 .o- .eg.7 3 8875368 25#7#669 8379442 2733

Reg.7coe7 o inte.action eects on B.o?1ct o ot -ain eects C = 474496

Esti-ates o. te acto. GLeel Mean Co..7 Reg.7 MS?e MSent., MSinte.act7 MS?e0* " Santo 2278 47829 "792 "867"9 "597"8 997"5 2"#749 2 /onat "72 47896 "736" "4579 9#7" 5578# ""78 3 Resis 2674 472993 473#8 8759 6274 #783 9278 6 01s1 297 47594 "7354 "8"734 "3"756 ##786 "5756 5 Tana "376 479865 "7446 279 2782 "736 26796

Esti-ates o. te acto. LLeel Mean Co..7 Reg.7 MS?e MSent., MSinte.act7 MS?e0*

" Cicl 257# 473#"6 47696 89728 9758 847"" 6784 2 La&Mo 2274 47#286 "786" 88738 "#3795 #47#3 "3478 3 San&R "57# 47#""6 478 "7# 3874" "6793 6"795


31/45

[email protected] tS,' in repli*'tion 1 in :'nZ% 'nd ' /ield o 2.96 tS,' in repli*'tion 2 in:'nZ%. T,is is ver/ sspe*t '-'inst t,e +'*=-rond t,'t t,e *lone >s,18,'s ' /ield o 29.6 tS,' '*ross lo*'tions. $n s*, *'ses it i-,t +e ort,,ileto *,e*= t,e ori-in'l d't' 'ndSor to se ' +etterN esti'tion o 12.96 t S,'or +/ settin- t,is v'le to ' issin- v'le ]N 'nd re


32/45

Ca.acte. 2 DM Missing ?ata "

6 $te.ations 3# 287882 )lease cec< o. o1tlie.s >test ate. ANSCOM%E an? T@E So1.ce DF SS MS a.7cB s>7cB F DFNM DFDN s7e7 LSD5 L 2 5574" 287534# "7623 2749 276# 2744 3744 "745 6786 G 6 "57438 6"72592 574489 674582 37#+ 6744 #744 "738 676 GL # #97936 ""72""8 67338 275559 6762; #744 ""744 "7"3 375" R:L 3 3373222 ""7"486 "78"62 "76"94 673#; 3744 ""744 478" 2722 RGL "" 28794"4 27535 27535 479969 Total 2# 38"74"69 *ER$TA% 827#3 >"66724 9672 Note: Tests aBB.oi-atie since t.eat-ent a.iances a.e oe.esti-ate? in case o -issing ?ata

;;; NO CORRECT$ON OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM FOR M$SS$NG ALES $N S%$NT

T,e reslts o t,e 'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e o DM 're net. T,ere 're stri=in-diEeren*es 'on- t,e dr/ 'tter *ontent o -enot/pes (; v'le o @.68X)+t no si-ni*'nt diEeren*e ('ll diEeren*es 'on- -enot/pes 're s'llert,'n t,e ":D5 (.6). T,e -enot/pe +/ environent inter'*tion is si-ni*'nt(; v'le o .2]) +t e 're not interested in *op'rin- t,e e'ns o -enot/pes +/ lo*'tion sin*e e *onsidered t,e '*tor lo*'tion to +e r'ndo. T,e ,erit'+ilit/ or stor'-e root dr/ 'tter *ontent is ,i-, (C2.8@)

,i*, is t/pi*'l or t,is H'lit/ tr'it. 3e do not e'ine t,e reslts o t,e st'+ilit/ 'n'l/sis o DM sin*e st'+ilit/'n'l/sis o pl'nt H'lit/ p'r'eters li=e dr/ 'tter st'r*, s-'rs*'rotenoids 'nd iner'ls is s'll/ not ver/ sel.

Ca.acte. 3 %C Missing ?ata 2 6 $te.ations

5 827"85 3# "978#3 )lease cec< o. o1tlie.s >test ate. ANSCOM%E an? T@E S1sBectH ""8 in RGL " 2 2 os7 = 58276 S1sBectH ""8 in RGL 2 2 2 os7 = "867#


33/45

*'* Co0putato.s /or our e5a0p,e us.2 SAS

SAS I.put E5a0p,e

#o e illstr'te ,o to t t,e odel it, :A:. T,e st'+ilit/ 'n'l/sis is notpossi+le ,ere +t $P ill '=e :A: $M" pro-r's 'v'il'+le or re-ion'n'l/sis 'nd AMM$.

$n t,e rst se*tion t,e d't' is lo'ded.< T,e 1st st'teent line -ives ' n'e or t,e d't' in t,is *'se AllN.< T,e 2nd st'teent line -ives t,e n'es o t,e v'ri'+les in t,e d't'. #on<neri* v'ri'+les st +e olloed +/ _ si-n.< T,e car!s st'teent indi*'tes t,'t t,e d't' lines ollo iedi'tel/.Missin- v'les 're indi*'ted it, dots in :A:.< T,e ru. st'teent 'ter t,e d't' lines re'ds t,e d't'.$n t,e se*ond se*tion t,e Proc 0ea.s is sed to *'l*l'te e'ns ini''nd 'i'.

< $n t,e 1st line t,e !ataA,, st'teent tells Proc 0ea.s t,'t t,e d't' setit, n'e A,, st +e sed.< In the 2nd statement Var tells Proc means which observation variables (here TYLDhaDM BC) t,e Proc 0ea.s ,'s to se to *'l*l'te t,e e'n st'nd'rddevi'tion ini 'nd 'i v'les.< T,e st'teent ru. ends e'*, pro* se*tion – ,ere t,e se*tion pro* e'ns.$n t,e t,ird se*tion t,e Proc 2,0 is sed to t ' -ener'l line'r odel (not to+e *onsed it, it, t,e ener'lied "ine'r Model) in order to -et t,e

'n'l/sis o v'ri'n*e reslts.< $n t,e 1st line t,e !ataA,, st'teent tells Proc 2,0 t,'t t,e d't' it,n'e A,, st +e sed.< T,e c,ass st'teent indi*'tes t,e *l'ssi*'tion v'ri'+les ('*tors) t,'t 're


34/45

a!4ust T si-nies no 'd?stent or ltiple *op'risons so ' :tdent


35/45

runI

SAS Output

ere e ,'ve t,e epe*ted e'n sH'res or e'*, sor*e o v'ri'tion 'ndt,e A#OVA reslts *opted it, Proc 2,0 or t,e TB"D,' v'ri'+leJ

T,e "M Pro*edre

:or*e T/pe $$$ 7pe*ted Me'n :H're

" V'r(7rror) X 5 V'r(%(")) X 2 V'r("]) X 10 V'r(") V'r(7rror) X 2 V'r("]) X L() "] V'r(7rror) X 2 V'r("]) %(") V'r(7rror) X 5 V'r(%("))

Ple'se note t,'t e'n sH're esti'tes 're not v'ri'n*e *oponentesti'tesI oever v'ri'n*e *oponent esti'tes *'n +e *'l*l'ted roe'n sH're esti'tes it, t,e '+ove eH'tionsI

T,e "M Pro*edre Tests o /pot,eses or Mied Model An'l/sis o V'ri'n*e

Dependent V'ri'+leJ TB"D,'

:or*e D; T/pe $$$ :: Me'n :H're ; V'le Pr K ;

" 2 [email protected] 251.8@22C0 @.60 0.@@@5 7rror 1.0CC C5.@@C912 69.98928 7rrorJ M:("]) X M:(%(")) < M:(7rror)


99C.@8@900 29.@59C5 1.50 0.2885 7rrorJ M:("]) 8 [email protected] 165.868220



36/45

Dependent V'ri'+leJ DM


" 2 52.851C8@ 26.25892 1.C0 0.2608 7rror 5.989 9@.@12982 15.5C9698 7rrorJ 0.9CC]M:("]) X 0.999]M:(%(")) < 0.9C2@]M:(7rror)


162.1C@806 0.5@51 .C8 0.0286 7rror 8.06@2 68.@929C1 8.820C@ 7rrorJ 0.9868]M:("]) X 0.01@2]M:(7rror)


"] 8 68.90C8C 8.561@8 @.@8 0.0@28 %(") @ 29.18219@ 9.C2C@98 @.8 0.021 7rrorJ M:(7rror) 11 2C.901058 2.5@660

T,ere 're si-ni*'nt diEeren*es 'on- -enot/pes or DM on t,e 5 level –see Pr K ; o 0.0286 or t,e sor*e o v'ri'tion ,i*, is s'ller t,'n 0.05.

$n t,e olloin- t,e epe*ted e'n sH'res or e'*, sor*e o v'ri'tion 'ndt,e A#OVA reslts -iven or t,e & v'ri'+leJ

T,e "M Pro*edre

:or*e T/pe $$$ 7pe*ted Me'n :H're

" V'r(7rror) X .@0CC V'r(%(")) X 1.C2@1 V'r("]) X 8.615 V'r(") V'r(7rror) X 1.C529 V'r("]) X L() "] V'r(7rror) X 1.8008 V'r("]) %(") V'r(7rror) X .@@@@ V'r(%("))

T,e "M Pro*edre Tests o /pot,eses or Mied Model An'l/sis o V'ri'n*e

Dependent V'ri'+leJ &


" 2 10265C 51@29 5.02 0.1@0@7rror 2 5552 261@ 10228


37/45

st'tisti*'l test t,'t t,e o+served diEeren*es +eteen '*tor levels 're notsi-ni*'nt *op'red to t,e error (in or *'se "]). $n *'ses ,ere 'si-ni*'nt "] eEe*t 'nd ' non


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e'n v'leN o -enot/pe 5. enot/pes it, non overl'ppin- *onden*eliits 're si-ni*'ntl/ diEerent or t,e o+served v'ri'+le.

DM ":M7A# 95 onden*e "iits

1 @1.9551C 28.6C6810 @5.2@02 2 29.68666C 26.9@2086 @2.128 @ 2C.12166C 2.@6C086 29.8C628 @0.65666C 2C.902086 @@.1128 5 @.1C8@@@ @1.2@C52 @6.9@291

;in'll/ or t,e & v'ri'+le e ,'ve t,e olloin- lse'n ":D 'nd *onden*eliit esti'tesJ

"e'st :H'res Me'ns :t'nd'rd 7rrors 'nd Pro+'+ilities 'l*l'ted Usin- t,e T/pe $$$ M: or "] 's 'n 7rror Ter

":M7A# & ":M7A# #+er

1


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*onsistent. ;or t,is re'son t,e T=e/ test 's developed ,i*, 'llos*op'risons 'on- 'll lse'ns 'nd *ontrols t,e 5 error level so t,'t ;


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sit'tion in e'rl/ +reedin- st'-es is t,'t – provided /o ,'ve 'de -ood*rosses – it is ne'rl/ *ert'in t,'t t,ere ill +e soe -enot/pes ,i*, 're+etter t,'n t,e +est idel/ -ron -enot/pes 'on- t,os'nds o ne-enot/pes ,i*, t,e reslts o /or st'tisti*'l 'n'l/sis indi*'te 're o eH'lor loer v'le t,'n t,e +est idel/ -ron -enot/pes. Mltiple *op'risonpro*edres li=e ":D T=e/ 'nd Dnnett do not *ontrol t,e +et'


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P"A&:TAT :A: 'nd %.

all .ea?7tale>D:!ea-Ble7?atea?e.=T

-o?el&TLDa l->TLDaL;acto.>G + acto.>RHinHL ?ata=allanoa>-o?el&TLDa-o?el&DM l->DML;acto.>G + acto.>RHinHL ?ata=allanoa>-o?el&DM-o?el&%C l->%CL;acto.>G + acto.>RHinHL ?ata=allanoa>-o?el&%C

R Output E5a0p,e

Anal,sis o a.iance Tale

ResBonse: TLDa D S1- SP Mean SP F al1e ).>QFL 2 5437 25"7#3 27289 47"6"acto.>G 6 99873# 269735 272655 47"269L:acto.>G # "32795 "57#8 "76938 47254

L:acto.>R 3 6573# "57"3 47"32 47935Resi?1als "2 "332753 """746

Anal,sis o a.iance Tale

ResBonse: DM D S1- SP Mean SP F al1e ).>QFL 2 37526 3"782 "275222 4744"62 ;;acto.>G 6 "#27#38 657849 "#7424# #7566e45 ;;;

L:acto.>G # 5#75#5 87323 27##82 47453228 7L:acto.>R 3 297"#2 97828 37#354 474624#9 ;Resi?1als "" 28794" 2753


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*'= Su22esto.s /or se,ecto. . a!3a.ce! 1ree!.2 tra,s

$n 'dv'n*ed +reedin- tri'ls ' rel'tive lo n+er o -enot/pes ,'ve to +e*op'red (20 to 60 -enot/pes) dependin- on t,e sie o t,e +reedin-pro-r'. Us'll/ or '+ot 100 to @00 -enot/pes enterin- preliin'r/ 'nd'dv'n*ed tri'ls onl/ 2 to 10 -enot/pes (not ore) 're tested or v'riet/rele'se. A *oon rle is to sele*t ro 5 to 20 't ever/ +reedin- st'-e.

A!3a.ce 1ree!.2 tra,s$ T,e *op'rison o 20 to 60 -enot/pes still

reslts in 'n/ ltiple *op'risons. 3e re*oend to rst deterine t,eloest '**ept'+le v'le ('**ordin- to t,e needs o 'rers) or e'*, v'ri'+le(tr'it) e*ept /ield. Dis*'rd 'll -enot/pes ,i*, do not eet t,e loest'**ept'+le v'les or e'*, tr'it or rt,er *op'risons. Dependin- on t,eH'lit/ o /or sele*tion in previos +reedin- st'-es /o s,old not ,'ve too'n/ -enot/pes ,i*, eet or e*eed t,e loest '**ept'+le v'le or 'lltr'its. T,en se t,e le'st si-ni*'nt diEeren*e (":D) or /ield 'nd *op'ret,e +est 'on- t,e re'inin- -enot/pes it, 'll ot,er re'inin- -enot/pes.

Dis*'rd 'll -enot/pes ,i*, ,'ve diEeren*es in *op'rison to t,e +est-enot/pe t,'t 're l'r-er t,'n t,e ":D. oever t,is is ' *op'rison onl/it,in /or +reedin- 'teri'l 'nd does not provide inor'tion '+ot t,eperor'n*e o ne -enot/pes in rel'tion to ot,er +reedin- 'teri'l 'ndpro-r's respe*tivel/. :*, inor'tion is onl/ possi+le +/ *,e*= *lones*oprisin- s**essl v'rieties ro ot,er s+


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>' Re/ere.ces

7/'-irre %. :. A-ili M. Andr'de ;. Di' !. T?into=o 'di :. Te-'ire 'nd 3.4. rne+er- 2009J enot/pe +/7nvironent $nter'*tions o :eetpot'to '*ross %e-ions. In:Pro*eedin-s o t,e 15t, :/posi o t,e $:T% (ro 2


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T'n :.". M. #'='t'ni 'nd !. !o'=i 200CJ &reedin- o :eetpot'to.In: M. :. !'n- M.:. 'nd P.M. Pri/'d'r','n (eds) &reedin- M'?or

;ood :t'ples &l'*=ell P+lis,in-.3ilson 4. 7. ;.:. Pole #.7.4.M :it P. T''to' 1989J :eetpot'to+reedin- A-ro ;'*ts $%7TA p+li*'tions 3estern :'o'.


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3!

sp breeding trial protocols

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