Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

Chapter 6, Section 3

Mainland vs Coastal States• Mainland

– Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, Khmer

– Relatively stable region– Mountains prevented outside

interference and influence

• Coastal– Malay Peninsula, Indonesian

Archipelago, Moluccas (Melaka)– _________ merchants begin

trading and influencing religion, building new states

– Rapid growth of spice trade meant more money

Arrival of Europeans

• Early 1500s _________ take over spice trade from Muslims in coastal regions– Shipping by boat makes

them more powerful than Muslim counterparts

– Able to carry more, higher demand for spices in Europe

– Not powerful enough to control area and impose authority

Dutch Take Control• Dutch and _______ were

better financed and had more military support than Portuguese

• Early 1600s Dutch seized a Portuguese fort in Moluccas and began pushing them out of spice trade– Also pushed ______ out

• Imposed political and military control over region– Separated spice growth by

__________

Mainland States Resist

• Less contact due to ___________ terrain and other natural borders

• When faced with European missionaries and traders, states united and drove them out

• Had already begun to define themselves as distinct entities– Controlled by monarchies

that did not want intervention from outside world

Dutch and English Impact

• Mainland– Not very much of an

impact

• Coastal– States are victims of

their own resources (_________)

– Had less political unity and could not come together to address Europeans

Religious and Political Systems

• Christianity and Islam do not spread through _______ states…more success found along coast– __________ – Buddhism– ________ – Islam and

Christianity

• Four styles of monarchy begin to emerge

Types of Monarchy

• __________ Kings– Burma, Thailand, Laos,

Cambodia– King seen as a link

between humans and the universe

• _________ Kings– Kings maintained balance

between sacred and material world

– Also a link between humans and the universe

Types of Monarchy cont’d

• ________ Sultans– Viewed as a mortal, but with

special powers– Protector of the faith – Staffed his __________, or

appointed government officials, with aristocrats

• __________ Emperors– Ruled by the teachings of

Confucius– Was appointed by the

Heavens to be the link between Heaven and Earth

Exit Slip

• What factors helped Europeans influence and control the coastal areas of Southeast Asia?

• What factors prevented European influence of the mainland areas of Southeast Asia?

• Why were the Portuguese able to take control of the spice trade from the Muslims?

• Why were the Dutch able to take control of the spice trade from the Portuguese and English?

• What religions were found in the coastal areas of Southeast Asia? What was found in the mainland areas?