Southeast Asia approaches to

developing efficiency indicators

Elvira Torres Gelindon

Senior Researcher (ESTO)

IEA Energy Efficiency Training Week for Southeast 16-20 July 2018, Jakarta, Indonesia

2

Outline of Presentation

Background

• APEC/APERC/ESTO

• Milestone

• Data components

Uses of the data collected

• Uses of data in APEC (SEA)

• Sample analysis using indicators (SEA)

Final thoughts

Background

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Source: APERC Brochure (June 2015)

Asia Pacific Economy Cooperation (APEC)

An open framework for regional economic cooperation among 21 economies Cooperative and voluntary basis Activities for trade and investment liberalization, business facilitation,

and economic and technical cooperation

AustraliaBrunei DarussalamCanadaChileChinaHong Kong, ChinaIndonesiaJapanRepublic of KoreaMalaysiaMexicoNew ZealandPapua New GuineaPeruPhilippinesRussiaSingaporeChinese TaipeiThailandUnited StatesViet Nam

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Expert Group on Energy Data and Analysis

Source: APERC Brochure (June 2015)

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EMM

EWG

ESTO

Data network1. Data collection

• Annual data• Quarterly

data• Monthly

data2. Data processing3. Publication4. Energy database

management

Capacity Building1. Short-term course2. Medium-term

course3. Expert dispatch to

requesting economies

4. Research on district cooling

5. Energy modeling seminars (non-EGEDA)

Other activities1. Annual EGEDA

meetings2. Annual workshop

on energy statistics

3. JODI activities4. IEA’s Energy

statistics development group

5. InterEnerStat

EGEDA

EGNRET

EGEE&C

Instruction

Reporting

EGCFE

EI

Fossil fuels

RE

APERC1. Overview2. Demand &

supply outlook

3. Oil/Coal/Gas reports

Provision of data

ESTO activities

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Dec 2014

• Introduction of Energy Efficiency template

Dec 2015

• Sent Questionnaire & User Manual

Mar–Apr 2016

• Collection of Questionnaire from APEC economies

May–June 2016

• Data evaluation

Nov 2016

• Reported progress in 28th EGEDA

June 2017

• Questionnaire revised per agreement in 28th EGEDA

Sept–Oct 2017

• Submission evaluation

• Data analysis

Nov 2017

• Reported progress in 29th EGEDA

Jan 2018

• Questionnaire revised to include transport and industry sectors as agreed in 29th EGEDA

July 2018

• Reported in 16th EGEDA Statistics Workshop

Milestone

To analyze energy demand and how to improve energy efficiency, detailed information for energy end-use / energy related data are important for policy makers & energy analysts.

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EE template components (1)

Commercial and Public Services

• Space Heating

• Space Cooling

• Lighting

• Other Building Energy Use

• Non-Building Energy Use

• Total Energy Use in Commercial Sector

Residential

• Space Heating

• Space Cooling

• Water Heating

• Cooking

• Lighting

• Refrigerators / Freezers

• Other kitchen facilities

• Laundry facilities

• Television/PC and other Home entertainment

• Other Appliances

• Total Energy Use in Residential Sector

Activity data

• Activity and structure indicators (population, HHs, floor area, etc)

• GDP

• Value added

Template were pre-filled in by ESTO from annual data collected; Activity data sources varied, mostly came from WB

End use data and details on activity may only available from members’ own data

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Transport and Industry Sectors added

EE template components (2)

Transport sector (by fuel)

•Road transport

•Railways

•Domestic Aviation

• Inland waterways

Industry sector (by fuel)

•Food products and textiles

•Wood and wood products

•Paper and paper products

•Chemicals, basic pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals

•Non-metallic minerals

•Basic metals

•Fabricated metals

•Motor vehicles, trailers etc

•All Other manufacturing

•Mining and Quarrying

•Construction

Activity data

• Number of vehicles ( by type, by mode, by fuel type)

• Passenger-km (Passenger)

• Vehicle-km

• Tonne-km (Freight)

Energy data still came EGEDA; more detailed activity data were needed

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EGEDA website is the only platform to disclose member economies’ data and activities to outside (and inside); which include SEA;

The EGEDA website has been improved to show more information, visualisation and allows for online data submission and with new URL for consistency with other EWG expert groups

APEC data dissemination

http://www.egeda.ewg.apec.org

Uses of the data collected

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How do we use those data?

APEC Annual Publication

Overview of energy demand and supply

APEC Overview

Annual APERC publication summarising current developments in APEC (SEA)

APEC Goals

Energy intensity reduction of 45% compared with 2005 (collective goal)

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50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

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90

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91

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92

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93

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94

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95

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96

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97

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98

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99

20

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20

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20

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14

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15

Buildings Industry Transport Non-energy

Mto

e

Source : EGEDA

By sector

Total final energy consumption (TFEC) in SEA reached 364 Mtoe in 2015; minimal share to APEC TFEC but was driving the growth (5.4%)

Buildings dominated the total final energy consumption (35% on average) and likewise driven growth of APEC buildings (5.7%)

Total final energy consumption (1)

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Source: EGEDA

Oil was the major fuel in Southeast Asia (40% on average);

SEA oil consumption in transport sector at 5.2% driven APEC growth which was declining since 1990 (-1.9%)

Total final energy consumption (2)

By fuel

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mte

o

Oil Others Electricity Coal Gas

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0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00

en

erg

y p

er

cap

ita

(to

e)

Income per capita at PPP (constant 2011 international $)

BD

SGP

MAS

THA

PHL

VNINA

Energy consumption per capita varied per economy; economy with higher income per capita obviously has the bigger energy per capita

requirement

Energy consumption pattern per capita (1990-2015)

Source : EGEDA (energy data), WB (GDP and Population)

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Income was driving electricity consumption per person, as income increases electricity consumption per capita increases; in most economy, electricity consumption grew faster than income per capita

Electricity consumption pattern per capita (1990-2015)

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

en

erg

y p

er

ca

pit

a (

toe

)

Income per capita at PPP (constant 2011 international $)

MAS

THA

PHLVNINA

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00

en

erg

y p

er

cap

ita

(to

e)

Income per capita at PPP (constant 2011 international $)

BD

SGP

Source : EGEDA (energy data), WB (GDP and Population)

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Source : Members’ submission

Energy intensity has improved since 1990; SEA has the biggest potential in APEC

Energy intensity (toe/GDP) (1990=100)

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Total Other north-east Asia South-East Asia Oceania

Other Americas China Russia USA

toe/

GDP (

cons

tant

2011

USD)

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APEC energy intensity goal, 2005 to 2015

Final energy consumption intensity

(ex. non-energy) fell 17.6% between

2005 and 2015

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Data requirement

Sector End-use Indicator Key data

Residential

Space heating energy use per floor area

heated

Heating energy use

Floor area heated

Space cooling energy use per floor area

cooled

Cooling energy use

Floor area cooled

Water heating energy use per dwelling Water heating energy use

Total number of dwellings

Lighting energy use per dwelling Lighting energy use

Total number of dwellings

Cooking energy use per dwelling Cooking energy use

Total number of dwellings

Appliances energy use per type of

appliance

Appliance energy use by type

Number of appliances by type

Industry

N/AEnergy use per unit of

output by sector

Energy use by sector

Total output by sector

N/AEnergy use per unit of

value added by sector

Energy use by sector

Total value added by sector

Transport

Passenger transportEnergy use per passenger

km travelled by mode

Energy use by mode

Passenger km travelled by mode

Freight transportEnergy use per tonne km

travelled by mode

Energy use by mode

Tonne km travelled by mode

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End-use data collection is a big challenge to all; data may be available in several agencies;

Energy intensity is not an actual measure of energy efficiency, only indication;

May need collaboration among agencies;

APERC/ESTO will make a study on energy efficiency indicators;

Assess template which indicators can be obtained or estimated; needs to be simplified.

Final thoughts

http://www.egeda.ewg.apec.org

Thank you for your kind attention