South Asia: South Asia: Chapter 10Chapter 10Section 2: Looking to the FutureSection 2: Looking to the Future

Lesson Questions:Lesson Questions:

What environmental issues are affecting What environmental issues are affecting South Asia?South Asia?

How does rapid population growth affect How does rapid population growth affect South Asia?South Asia?

What are some results of urbanization in What are some results of urbanization in South Asia?South Asia?

Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues Indian folk poet Ghahshyam Indian folk poet Ghahshyam

“Shilani,” inspired the Chipko or “Shilani,” inspired the Chipko or “Hug-the-tree” movement“Hug-the-tree” movement

Chipko, founded in 1972, wanted Chipko, founded in 1972, wanted to raise awareness for to raise awareness for environmental conservation environmental conservation

In South Asia, as elsewhere, some In South Asia, as elsewhere, some people are concerned about the people are concerned about the effects of modernizationeffects of modernization

the Indian government wants to the Indian government wants to develop resources and improve the develop resources and improve the standard of livingstandard of living

Industrialization and modernization Industrialization and modernization leads to positive and negative leads to positive and negative effectseffects

Protecting the Protecting the EnvironmentEnvironment

Narmada Valley ProjectNarmada Valley Project NVP has upset NVP has upset

environmentalistsenvironmentalists the Narmada river flows the Narmada river flows

through central India, through central India, and the NVP calls for 30 and the NVP calls for 30 major dams to be built major dams to be built and 3000 minor dams as and 3000 minor dams as wellwell

Proponents argue that Proponents argue that the project will provide the project will provide water to irrigate millions water to irrigate millions of farm land of farm land

the dams will also the dams will also provide hydroelectricityprovide hydroelectricity

Narmada Valley cont.Narmada Valley cont. Critics argue that the NVP will result in more harm Critics argue that the NVP will result in more harm

than goodthan good Opponents argue that the dams will flood Opponents argue that the dams will flood

farmland, destroy wildlife, and displace up to farmland, destroy wildlife, and displace up to 250,000 people250,000 people

the protests have slowed work on the dams and the protests have slowed work on the dams and has led the World Bank to withdraw supporthas led the World Bank to withdraw support

despite these setbacks the project continuesdespite these setbacks the project continues Construction of the dam is now halted at 110.6 Construction of the dam is now halted at 110.6

meters, lower than the 130 meters that the dam is meters, lower than the 130 meters that the dam is eventually supposed to reach. eventually supposed to reach.

entire project is meant to be finished by 2025entire project is meant to be finished by 2025

The Water ShortageThe Water Shortage

Accident at Bhopal and Accident at Bhopal and other Environmental other Environmental IssuesIssues

1984: in Bhopal, India an American owned 1984: in Bhopal, India an American owned chemical plant leaked into the atmosphere, chemical plant leaked into the atmosphere, killing roughly 2000 people and leaving lasting killing roughly 2000 people and leaving lasting illnessesillnesses

Limestone quarries have also been protested Limestone quarries have also been protested because they destroy the forests, damage because they destroy the forests, damage farmlands, and worsen water shortagesfarmlands, and worsen water shortages

Nuclear power plants are also a problemNuclear power plants are also a problem deforestation, and pollution by chemical deforestation, and pollution by chemical

insecticides and fertilizers are also a probleminsecticides and fertilizers are also a problem

BhopalBhopal

Positive Effects of MiningPositive Effects of Mining

Crisis in numbersCrisis in numbers Overpopulation has caused Overpopulation has caused

sprawling urbanizationsprawling urbanization Population increase has Population increase has

caused a strain on caused a strain on resources such as land, resources such as land, water, and building water, and building materialsmaterials

In 2000, approximately In 2000, approximately 1.4 billion lived in South 1.4 billion lived in South AsiaAsia

India is predicted to have India is predicted to have a higher population than a higher population than ChinaChina

Since 1947, India has Since 1947, India has doubleddoubled

the region increases by the region increases by roughly 26 million people roughly 26 million people per yearper year

Cause and effects Cause and effects increase in medical care have caused the population to riseincrease in medical care have caused the population to rise infant mortality is down and so is the occurrence of disease infant mortality is down and so is the occurrence of disease

such as cholera, malaria, and smallpoxsuch as cholera, malaria, and smallpox ¼ of the population is under age 15 and they lack the resources ¼ of the population is under age 15 and they lack the resources

to feed, cloth, and educateto feed, cloth, and educate traditional values affect the size of the familytraditional values affect the size of the family in the city and on large farms, families are usually smallerin the city and on large farms, families are usually smaller large landowners do not want to split up their land with many large landowners do not want to split up their land with many

childrenchildren poorer farmers tend to believe that more children will provide poorer farmers tend to believe that more children will provide

more labormore labor in traditional families, boys are valued more than girls and in traditional families, boys are valued more than girls and

sometimes parents keep trying to have a boy regardless if they sometimes parents keep trying to have a boy regardless if they have several daughters alreadyhave several daughters already