south africa and aids

8/14/2019 south africa and aids

1/22

Submitted by:

Latika Bhojwani(04)

Ranu Goyal (14)Jaykishan Joshi(24)Jaydev Maheta (34)Hiren Ranpara (44)

Priyanka Thakker(54)

South Africa and the AIDS Epidemic

Submitted to:

Prof. Suresh R Lalwani

When you are willing to make sacrifices for a greatcause, you will never be alone.


2/22

Introduction

South Africa has always been in International News but only for the wrong reasons:

Apartheid

Economic crisis

Poverty

AcquiredImmuno DeficiencySyndromeRatio in 2002 1:9

Life expectancy below 50 years

(A nations health is its wealth)


3/22

Conditions in South Africa

Unemployment ---------- 26 %

Inflation in 1991 ----------- 15.3%

Per capita income ------- $3000 (86th in world)

AIDS EPIDEMIC


4/22

World Wide AIDS & HIV Stats


5/22


6/22

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE

The slogan has to be revised in the fight against AIDSPrevention is equal to cure

STAKEHOLDERS involved :

Society

Government

Awareness by NGOs

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY


7/22

Society

Great stigma attached with AIDS

In December 1998 on International AIDS day an AIDSactivist declared she was HIV +ive

The affected people were and are treated as if they are

a burden to the society and they should no longer existin the society

They were expelled from even their own family


8/22

Government

Slow in addressing the problem

Gov. was did not provide free distribution of AZT

And the Gov. played the opposite role:

Budget for AIDS $17 million in 1999 and unspent $6.2million

Supported the scientists


9/22

Pharmaceutical Industry

Major players:

Pfizer (USA) ----------- $ 7.3 billion

Glaxo (USA) ------------ $ 7.8 billion

SmithKline (UK) ------------ $ 4.4 billion

Pricing policies:

Drugs were price insensitive

R & D:

Average time 10 to 15 years

Average Cost -- $ 800 million


10/22

Social responsibility --- classical view {STOCK HOLDER}

Commitment to deliver performance

Focus on diseases prevalent in major markets

Price discrimination

Selling costs

Lobbying {Power & Politics}

Estimated that the industry spent $167 million during 2000elections in USA


11/22

WTO and Intellectual Property Rights

Copyrights for literary & artistic works

Trademarks

Patents

WTOs Agreement on TRIPS:

Gov. could deny patent protection when:

Patent holder abused the rights granted by the patent

Medical emergency


12/22

BRAZIL and its commitment for AIDS

In 1996 Brazil passed a law for patent protection

Encouraged domestic players to produce unlicensed copiesof drugs

With this move the costs were cut by 80% for double

therapy and 35% for triple therapy Brazilian President Fernando Cardoso applauded for his

escalation of commitmenteven when he was underpressure to reduce the commitment

Gov. negotiations for lower prices for patented drugs

Merck & Government


13/22

Pharmaceutical Industrys position

Intellectual property rights ---- sine qua non

Compulsory licensing in developing countries


14/22

Issues related to Drug Pricing in DevelopingNations

1997, South African passed law to permit compulsorylicensing of essential drugs

Bristol-Myers Squibb & Merck responded

US placed South Africa on the 301 watch list

Criticism against US policy

< Private welfare instead of Public welfare >

< Trade Terrorism >


15/22

Reactions for the Social Cause

AIDS activists & NGOs {Doctors Without Borders, Act-Up,Health Action international}

September 1999, step backward

December 1999, President Clinton adopted flexible

Summers 2000, Bristol-Myers, Merck & Glaxo made offers

Public reaction

Pfizer agreed for pilot project but feared the evilconsequences

The capitalists should set aside funds for humanitariancause


16/22

Global Fund

India & China in the race to face the same results as Africa

In 2001, UN General Secretary, Kofi Annan, proposed aGlobal Fund to combat AIDS

In 2002, lawsuit dropped against South African Gov.

In May 2001, President Bush announced $200 million inseed money for the fund

Opposition from orthodox countries

By July 2002, $2 billion pledged by the developed countries


17/22

Relation with MANAGEMENT

Management theories are the pathway to resolve anyproblem in a STEP WISE manner

It may be applied from a Small Scale Enterprise to Nation

The Stakeholders need to actively participate to combat thisGlobal Terrorism of AIDS which is the worst war on anynation from a disguised enemy

Society

Government

NGOs

Pharmaceutical Industries


18/22

Society

Cultural Transmission

Social Responsiveness

Situational leadership

The Calm Waters Metaphor CHANGE Process

Awareness more important about the misbelieves regardingthe disease


19/22

Government

The initial steps of MANAGEMENT

Planning

Organizing

Leading

Control

Types of control: Feed forward the most vital

Concurrent control

Feed back

Strategic Tie-ups


20/22

Pharmaceutical Industry

Social responsibility ---- Stakeholder Approach

Greening of Management --- Stage 2

Social Entrepreneurship --- Social Responsiveness to Responsibility

Balanced Scorecard --- Financial Health, Customer Satisfaction, Assets of firm & Growth

Ethical Organization


21/22

NGOs

Role of awareness : Society, Government & Pharma Industry

Self Motivated

Indirect Control on stakeholders


22/22

UNITY AGAINST AIDS

Thank You

south africa and aids

Documents