source for forest inventory and analysis data : usda forest service, srs south carolina forestry...
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Source for Forest inventory and Analysis Data :USDA Forest Service, SRS
South Carolina Forestry Commission
South CarolinaForest Land
TX
OK AR
LA
MS
KY
TN
AL
FL
VA
NC
SCGA
Source: Sheffield, USDA Forest Service, SRS, FIA Data
0
5
10
15
20
25M
illio
n
Acr
es
Alabam
a
Arkan
sas
Florida
Georg
ia
Kentuc
ky
Louisi
ana
Miss
issipp
i
North
Carolin
a
Oklaho
ma
South
Carolin
a
Tenne
ssee
Texas
Virgini
a
The South’s Forestland by State, 1998
South Carolina ranks 10th in acreage of commercial timberland in the Southeast.
SC Ownership Classes 12.3 Million Timberland Acres*
Industry**16%
Private74%
Public5%
USFS5%
** Industry includes leased Private lands.
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.
The distribution of ownerships in SC parallel closely with the Southeast (13 states). A total of 90% of the landowners in SC are private nonindustrial landowners and forest industry.
Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
South Carolina Forest Type Distribution
12.3 Million Acres*Bottomland Hardwood
20.3%
Oak-Pine11.7%
Natural Pine23.8%
Pine Plantations
24.8%
Upland Hardwood
19.4%
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.
South Carolina has a fairly even distribution of forest types demonstrating diversity of the forests.
Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
Forest Type Distribution by State
Pine plantation
Natural pine Upland hardwood
Oak–pine Bottomland hardwood Source: Sheffield, USFS, FIA Data.
Forest Ownership Trends for South Carolina
1.991.67 2.05 2.242.63
2.32
9.089.20 9.29 9.17 8.38 9.02
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1958 1968 1978 1986 1993 2000*
Years
Mill
ion
Acr
es
USFS Public Industry Private
The trend in SC for the past 15 years, as well as the SE, is the divesting of large land holdings by forest companies. Pension funds and partnerships are purchasing much of these large acreages. Industry consolidation and present tax laws have been a major force in this trend, and this trend is expected to continue.
Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.
Historical Net Volume of Growing Stock* - SC
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1958 1968 1978 1986 1993 2000**Years
Bill
ion
Cu
bic
Fe
et
Softwood
Hardwood
Total growing stock volume has increased 111% since 1958. Softwood has increased 106% (or by 4.6 billion cubic feet). Hardwood has increased 117% (or by 4.7 billion cubic feet). Note that Hurricane Hugo (1989) destroyed an estimated 2.5 billion cubic feet and only 387 million cubic feet (15%) was salvaged and is reflected in the 1993 data. The amount of timber destroyed in one day was equivalent to approximately 4 years of harvesting.
Source: USDA Forest Service, and SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
* Growing Stock is inventory of commercial trees at least 5 inches in diameter in the forest.
** FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.
Past and Projected Changes in Forest Stand Types - SC
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1952 1962 1970 1977 1986 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023
Years
Mill
ion
Ac
res
Planted PineNatural PineHardwood
Forestry has come under criticism of converting too much forestland to planted pine. The perception is that much of the hardwood forests are being converted to pine. The actual trend is demonstrated above showing the conversion of natural pine sites to planted pine. Hardwood area remains relatively constant for the last 50 years.
Source: USDA Forest Service, FIA Data, 1993
Forest Ownership Trends in SC
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000
1968 1978 1986 1993Year
Are
a (
000
acr
es)
Industry FarmerCorporate Individual
For the last 25 years, forest acreage has remained constant, while forest land ownerships have changed significantly. Individual and corporate landowners have increased in area, industry has increased slightly and is presently in a downturn, while farm ownership of forest land has decreased almost 46 percent. Farm land acreage (crop and pasture acreage) has decreased 34.6 % from 1958 to 1993.
Source: USDA Forest Service, FIA Data, 1993
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
Acr
es
GA (1)
MS (2)
FL (3)
LA (4)
AL (5)
SC (6)
TX (7)
AR (8)
NC (9)
VA(10)
OK(11)
TN(12)
KY(13)
State (rank)
Southeast Planted Acres 1998-99(Pine and Hardwood)
Source: SC Forestry Commission
During the decade of of the 1990s, SC planted an average of 146,000 acres per year.
Seedlings Planted in SC, 1929 - 1999
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
Years
Acr
es
Source: SC Forestry Commission
South Carolina has been a leader in the SE in regard to acres planted relative to timberland acreage. The first spike of acres planted is the Soil Bank Program, and the second spike represents the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
Softwood Growing Stock Volume by DBHSouth Carolina
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 21+DBH (inches)
Bil
lio
n C
ub
ic F
ee
t 1978
1986
1993
2000*
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.
Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
Softwood growing stock is showing remarkable recovery from the hurricane Hugo devastation (1989). With proper management, there should be an increase in growing stock volume for the 10 to 14 inch diameter classes in the next 10 years.
Hardwood Growing Stock Volume by DBHSouth Carolina
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 21+
DBH (inches)
Bill
ion
Cu
bic
Fe
et
1978
1986
1993
2000*
Source: USDA Forest Service,SC Forestry Commission, FIA Data
* FIA 2000 data is preliminary representing 60% of the total plots to be sampled.
The distribution of hardwood diameter classes has not shown significant change I the last 22 years.
Population density map for North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
# of People Per Square Mile*
> 800
400 - 800
200 - 400
100 - 200
0 - 100
* 1999 population estimates by CACI International, Inc. based on 1990 US Census
Virginia Study (D. Ware, et al., USDA Forest Service,1998)
At approximately 45 people/square mile, there is a 50:50 chance of practicing forestry.
At 150 people/square mile, forest management approaches zero.
Forecast Change in Forest Land 1992-2010
forest change>14% loss8-14% loss1-8% lossstable>1% gain
Source: USDA Forest Service, SRS
52% of the saw logs
77% of the pulpwood
66% of the plywood and veneer
42% of the composite panel
59% of total product output
The Southeast Supplies
Source: Johnson, USFS, TPO Data, 1997.
Saw logs 5.0 1.2 6.2
Veneer 1.2 .168 1.35
Pulpwood 2.0 1.1 3.1
C. Panel .083 .039 .122
Other .269 .626 .895
All Products 8.494 3.133 11.627
Softwood(Billions of dollars)
Hardwood Total
Value of Products to the Southeast
Delivered to mill pricesSource: Johnson, USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1997.
Total Stumpage* and Delivered Values of Timber Harvested in South Carolina
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
$1,000
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1997 1999Year
Millio
n D
ollars
(co
ns
tan
t $)
Stumpage ValueDelivered Value
The chart represents a total of all roundwood types, and also reflects an increase in production over time. When assessing value and production together in terms of value per cubic foot ($/cu.ft.), there is a 87.4 % increase in delivered value over the 20 year period, or 4.4%/year (simple interest and constant dollars). Total value was calculated by using timber product output data and average stumpage and delivered values by products from Timber Mart-South.
Compiled by Clemson University from USDA Forest Service TPO Data and Timber Mart-South
*Stumpage is the value of trees standing in the forest.
Softwood - Mill Output for SC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1936 1946 1957 1967 1972 1977 1983 1988 1994 1997 1999
Years
Mill
ion
Cub
ic F
eet
Logs
Pulpwood
Total
Source: USFS, TPO Data 1997
Hardwood - Mill Output for SC
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1936 1946 1957 1967 1972 1977 1983 1988 1994 1997 1999
Years
Mill
ion
Cu
bic
Fe
et
LogsPulpwoodTotal `
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data
Summary Forest land base is stableForest land base is stable
Overall mix of pine and hardwood has not Overall mix of pine and hardwood has not changed greatly in 5 decades and is not changed greatly in 5 decades and is not expected to change significantly in the futureexpected to change significantly in the future
Pine component moving steadily toward more Pine component moving steadily toward more planted stands…fewer naturalplanted stands…fewer natural
Greater private ownership will keep the Greater private ownership will keep the south’s forests productive and in demandsouth’s forests productive and in demand
Maximum sustainable harvest levels in sight Maximum sustainable harvest levels in sight but no indication of running out of timber in but no indication of running out of timber in the futurethe future
Potential constraints on timber supply:
Timberland Operability - adverse sites, best management practices
Timberland Availability - ownership, policy, and government control
Age Structure and Stocking - past management and Hugo’s impact
Policy Issues - set asides, harvesting restrictions, and potential regulations
Lack of knowledge and incentives for private non-industrial landowners to practice
sustainable forestry
Lack of proactive public participation by the forestry community
Opportunities to increase growth and yield
Regeneration with improved seedling stock
Commercial thinning where feasible
Harvest and regenerate at maturity
Salvage and regenerate when appropriate
Continue investments in R & D
Other stand improvements where feasible
Primary Mill Residues
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Residue Type
To
ns
Saw Logs Veneer Logs
Pulpwood Other
1,073,521 Total Tons
85% Softwood
15% Hardwood
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1993
Source: USDA Forest Service, TPO Data, 1997
Wood Residue Disposal in SC
Annual Forest Biomass Residuals From Timber Harvesting
Pine ~ 4.1 Million Tons
Hardwood ~ 5.2 Million Tons
Value of Shipments and Value Added for Leading Manufacturing Industries in SC, 1997
$10.03
$5.52$6.82$6.92
$13.25
$2.54$2.74$3.37$3.87
$7.69
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Chemical Textile mills Forest Industry Transportationequipment
Machinery
Bill
ion
$
Value of Shipments Value Added
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Total Capital Expenditures for Leading Manufacturing Industries in SC, 1997
$470
$234$312
$423
$944
Chemical Forest Industry Textile Mills TransportationEquipment
Plastics &Rubber
Products
Mill
ion
$
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census
Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina
• 1.1 million participated in wildlife recreation annually
• Annual expenditures top $1.5 billion
• $30 million annually for land-use access fees to private landowners
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina
Hunting in SC Annually Generates ….10,677 jobs$357 million in retail sales$192 million in salaries and wages$23 million in state and federal taxes$18 million in sales tax$658 million in total economic effects
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Economic Value of Wildlife
Hunting in SC
# of hunters 300,000
Days of hunting 6,921,000
Days/hunter 23
Average/hunter $1,150
Average/day $17
Economic Value of Wildlife
Types of Hunting in SC #Hunters
Deer 245,000
Dove 71,000
Squirrel 56,000
Wild Turkey 53,000
Ducks 44,000
Rabbit 40,000
Quail 34,000
Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina
Annual Fishing in SC ...Total Participants 986,000
Residents 638,000NR 349,000
Total Expenditures $707 millionAverage/Participant $717
Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Economic Value of Wildlife in South Carolina
Annual Wildlife Activities # PeopleFeed Wildlife* 761,000Observe Wildlife 577,000Photograph Wildlife 172,000Maintain Natural Areas 154,000Maintain Plantings 127,000Visit Public Areas 101,000Source: 1996 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation*Cash receipts for sunflower seed production for wildlife in SC surpassed
other agriculture crops in 2000 (Ed Murdock, personal communication)
Economic Value of Wildlife
Wildlife Watching in SC
Total Participants 1.1 million
Residents 817,000
NR 408,000
Total Expenditures $3 million
Average/Participant $290
Landowner Income Alternatives from Wildlife-Related Activities
• Permits
• Fee Hunting (dove fields)
• Fee Fishing
• Shooting Preserves
• Sporting Clays
• Non-consumptive Fee Access
• Hunting Leases
Summary Points to Remember...• Natural resources (forest, wildlife, & fisheries) surpasses agriculture in total economic importance to SC
• Diversifies farm/forest land income and compliments traditional land-use &
management