somers_energy_expo_2011_02_05_lifecycle
DESCRIPTION
"What goes in, must come out: Why we use a life cycle approach in sustainability services"TRANSCRIPT
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what goes in, must come out the cycle of material life
Leo A. W. Wiegman, MayorVillage of Croton-on-Hudson, NY
Somers Energy Expo
February 5, 2011
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 20111Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004)Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
2Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004)Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
2Tuesday, February 1, 2011
2
the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004)Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
2Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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the cycle of material life
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004)Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
2Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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the cycle of material life
“A life cycle approach is a way of thinkingwhich helps us recognize how our selections —such as buying electricity or a new t-shirt —are one part of a whole system of events.”
–Jim Fava and Jennifer Hall, 2004
sources for this slide: [8] Fava J, Hall J (2004)Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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what is Life Cycle Management?
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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what is Life Cycle Management?
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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meet Connect-the-Dot T shirt Company
sources for this slide: adapted from [27] Mastny 2003 and [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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simple t-shirt life cycle
sources for this slide: adapted from [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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simple t-shirt life cycle
sources for this slide: adapted from [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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simple t-shirt life cycle
sources for this slide: adapted from [35] Remmen 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
5Tuesday, February 1, 2011
6sources for this slide: adapted from [4] Cleveland 2008 and [15] Hall 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
6Tuesday, February 1, 2011
6sources for this slide: adapted from [4] Cleveland 2008 and [15] Hall 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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We extract 3 barrels of oil from the ground for every 1 barrel delivered to your home.
+ +
sources for this slide: adapted from [15] Hall 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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We extract 3 barrels of oil from the ground for every 1 barrel delivered to your home.
+ +
sources for this slide: adapted from [15] Hall 2007Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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Can biofuels save us? No!• US Primary Energy Use exceeds total Biomass Energy Production (2003)
• Some biofuels (ethanol) actually increase harmful tailpipe emissions (aldehydes, etc)
units: EJ = 1 exajoule = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules
How much total biomass potential does US have?
sources for this slide: adapted from [32] Patzek 2006 and [33] Pimentel and Patzek 2005Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
8Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Can biofuels save us? No!• US Primary Energy Use exceeds total Biomass Energy Production (2003)
• Some biofuels (ethanol) actually increase harmful tailpipe emissions (aldehydes, etc)
units: EJ = 1 exajoule = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules
sources for this slide: adapted from [32] Patzek 2006 and [33] Pimentel and Patzek 2005Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
8Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Can biofuels save us? No!• US Primary Energy Use exceeds total Biomass Energy Production (2003)
• Some biofuels (ethanol) actually increase harmful tailpipe emissions (aldehydes, etc)
units: EJ = 1 exajoule = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 joules
sources for this slide: adapted from [32] Patzek 2006 and [33] Pimentel and Patzek 2005Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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So what can save us from ourselves?
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 20119Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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So what can save us from ourselves?
Conservation & Efficiency!
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 20119Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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So what can save us from ourselves?
How?Conservation & Efficiency!
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 20119Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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So what can save us from ourselves?
How?Conservation & Efficiency!
Use simple life cycle analysis
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 20119Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Conservation & Efficiency!
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201110Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Conservation & Efficiency!
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201110Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Conservation & Efficiency!Cheapest energy is what we do not use.
Step 1: Conserve: What energy use can I do without?
•Does every pole need 2 cobra-heads?
•Is each bulb the right wattage?
Step 2: Efficiency: How can I get same result with less energy?
•Can I switch to more efficient lamps?
•Do I save labor if new lamps last longer?
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201110Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Conservation & Efficiency!Cheapest energy is what we do not use.
Step 1: Conserve: What energy use can I do without?
•Does every pole need 2 cobra-heads?
•Is each bulb the right wattage?
Step 2: Efficiency: How can I get same result with less energy?
•Can I switch to more efficient lamps?
•Do I save labor if new lamps last longer?
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201110Tuesday, February 1, 2011
10
Conservation & Efficiency!Cheapest energy is what we do not use.
Step 1: Conserve: What energy use can I do without?
•Does every pole need 2 cobra-heads?
•Is each bulb the right wattage?
Step 2: Efficiency: How can I get same result with less energy?
•Can I switch to more efficient lamps?
•Do I save labor if new lamps last longer?
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201110Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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some sample EROIs using LCA
11sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33]Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
11Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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some sample EROIs using LCA
11sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33]Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
11Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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some sample EROIs using LCA
11sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33]Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
11Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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some sample EROIs using LCA
11sources for this slide: adapted from [32: table 5.2] Patzek 2006 using data from [3, 13, 22, 33]Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
11Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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life cycle meets life style: BedZedBedZed video (2:30min)Beddington Zero Energy Development
is UK’s largest mixed use sustainable community.
sources for this slide: adapted from [1] BedZED 2008
BedZED video embedded
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201112Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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life cycle meets life style: BedZedBedZed video (2:30min)Beddington Zero Energy Development
is UK’s largest mixed use sustainable community.
sources for this slide: adapted from [1] BedZED 2008
BedZED video embedded
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201112Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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What about $ costs?•Life cycle is more than units of energy flowing in and out.
•What about the $ of product’s life cycle?
•e.g. a building?
sources for this slide: adapted from www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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What about $ costs?•Life cycle is more than units of energy flowing in and out.
•What about the $ of product’s life cycle?
•e.g. a building?
sources for this slide: adapted from www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
13Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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What about $ costs?•Life cycle is more than units of energy flowing in and out.
•What about the $ of product’s life cycle?
•e.g. a building?
sources for this slide: adapted from www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
sources for this slide: www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
sources for this slide: www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)
• Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership.
• It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system.
• LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings.
• E.g., LCCA will help determine whether a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost, but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not.
sources for this slide: www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php 2010Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 2011
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Local information = local power
2008 2009
Lighting Croton’s Holiday Tree
1600 new LED lights
40% savings
($246)
800 old incand. lights
bulbs $
electricity $
$541
$295
electricity $
bulbs $
Source: Croton’s GHG Inventory www.crotononhudson-ny.gov
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201115Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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•Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) (2010), Sieglinde Fuller (NIST), www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php
•The Greenhouse Gas Protocol for the U.S. Public Sector (2010), World Resources Institute and LMI, www.wri.org/publication/ghg-protocol-for-us-public-sector
•LCA 101 (2004), Life Cycle Assessment Research, US EPA, www.epa.gov/nrmrl/lcaccess/
Life cycle resources
The Greenhouse Gas Protocolfor the U.S. Public Sector
Interpreting the Corporate Standardfor U.S. Public Sector Organizations
WOR LD
R E S OU R C ES
I NS T IT U T E
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201116Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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“Cradle to grave designs dominate modern manufacturing.” —Bill McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle, www.mbdc.com, 2002
“Energy analysis is the first step to determine and compare energy consumption and production of different options. This can involve complex life-cycle net energy analysis, but often the most useful energy analysis is done by calculating simple energy consumption or conversion efficiency on the back of an envelope.” —John Randolph and Gilbert Masters, Energy for Sustainability, www.energyforsustainability.org, 2008
Some good books for background
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201117Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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“Cradle to grave designs dominate modern manufacturing.” —Bill McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle, www.mbdc.com, 2002
“Energy analysis is the first step to determine and compare energy consumption and production of different options. This can involve complex life-cycle net energy analysis, but often the most useful energy analysis is done by calculating simple energy consumption or conversion efficiency on the back of an envelope.” —John Randolph and Gilbert Masters, Energy for Sustainability, www.energyforsustainability.org, 2008
Some good books for background
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201117Tuesday, February 1, 2011
17
“Cradle to grave designs dominate modern manufacturing.” —Bill McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle, www.mbdc.com, 2002
“Energy analysis is the first step to determine and compare energy consumption and production of different options. This can involve complex life-cycle net energy analysis, but often the most useful energy analysis is done by calculating simple energy consumption or conversion efficiency on the back of an envelope.” —John Randolph and Gilbert Masters, Energy for Sustainability, www.energyforsustainability.org, 2008
Some good books for background
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201117Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Questions? contact:
Leo A. W. Wiegman, MayorVillage of Croton-on-Hudson, NY
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201118Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Chapter 8, Energy in the Cycle of Material, from Blockstein/Wiegman, The Climate Solutions Consensus
www.eoearth.org/article/Climate_Solutions_Consensus
works cited & consulted (1 of 3)
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[3] Cleveland CJ (2005) Net energy from the extraction of oil and gas in the United States. Energy 30(5):769 – 782. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/
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[9] Fisk WJ (2000) Health and productivity gains from better indoor environments and their relationship with building energy efficiency. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 25:537–566. http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/loi/energy
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. . .
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201119Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Chapter 8, Energy in the Cycle of Material, from Blockstein/Wiegman, The Climate Solutions Consensus
www.eoearth.org/article/Climate_Solutions_Consensus
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[15] Hall C, Balog S, Murphy DJR (2009) What Is the Minimum EROI That a Sustainable Society Must Have? Energies 2:25–47. http://web.mac.com/biophysicalecon/iWeb/Site/Downloads.html
[16] IAEA (2008) Nuclear´s Great Expectation: Projections Continue to Rise for Nuclear Power, but Relative Generation Share Declines. International Atomic Energy Agency. September 11, 2008 (read October 20, 2008). www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2008/np2008.html
[17] Jones V (2008) The Green Collar Economy. (HarperCollins Publishers, New York). www.greenforall.org
[18] Kammen D (2007) The Low-Carbon Imperative and Economic Opportunity. US House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Testimony for the November 8, 2007, Hearing on: Opportunities for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions. http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~kammen/
[19] Kammen D, Farrell AE, Plevin RJ, Jones AD, Delucchi MA, Nemet GF (2007) Energy and Greenhouse Impacts of Biofuels: A Framework for Analysis, in OECD Research Round Table: Biofuels: Linking Support to Performance, (ed) Perkins S. (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris). www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/RoundTables/BiofuelsOutline.pdf
[20] Kats G (2006) Greening America’s Schools: Costs and Benefits. http://dsforgau.ozstaging.com/downloads/greening_americas_schools.pdf
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[25] Kurz W (2008) Making the paper: mountain pine beetles contribute to carbon release and climate change. Nature 452:987 – 990. www.nature.com/nature/
[26] Lovins A, Sheikh I (2008) The nuclear illusion. Ambio, in November 2008 preprint. www.rmi.org/sitepages/pid257.php#E08-01
[27] Mastny L (2003) Purchasing Power: Harnessing Institutional Procurement for People and the Planet. Worldwatch Paper #166. www.worldwatch.org
. . .
Life Cycle Analysis Primer, Wiegman, Feb. 201120Tuesday, February 1, 2011
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Chapter 8, Energy in the Cycle of Material, from Blockstein/Wiegman, The Climate Solutions Consensus
www.eoearth.org/article/Climate_Solutions_Consensus
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[28] McDonough W, Braungart M (2002) Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. (North Point Press/FSG, New York). www.mbdc.com
[29a] MIT (2003) the Future of Nuclear Power. http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower
[29b] MIT (2007) MIT Study on the Future of Coal: Options for a Carbon-Constrained World. http://web.mit.edu/coal/
[30] NIOSH (2008) Faces of Black Lung. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 18, 2008 (read September 4, 2008). www.cdc.gov/niosh/blog/
[31] NIRS (2007) Report on Earthquake Damage to Japan’s Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Facility. Nuclear Information and Resource Service (read September 12, 2008). www.nirs.org
[32] Patzek TW (2006) The Earth, Energy, and Agriculture. Paper presented at Climate Change and the Future of the American West: Exploring the Legal and Policy Dimensions. http://petroleum.berkeley .edu/ papers/Biofuels/BiofuelsTop.htm
[33] Pimentel D, Patzek TW (2005) Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass and wood; biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower. Natural Resources Research 14:65–76. www.springerlink.com
[34] Randolph J, Masters GM (2008) Energy for Sustainability: Technology, Planning, and Policy. (Island Press, Washington, DC). www.energyforsustainability.org
[35] Remmen A, Jensen AA, Frydendal J (2007) Life Cycle Management: A Business Guide to Sustainability. (Life Cycle Initiative, United Nations Environment Programme). www.unep.fr/scp/lcinitiative/publications/
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[37] Renner M (2008) Working for People and the Environment. Worldwatch Report #177. www.worldwatch.org
[38] US EIA (2008) Annual Energy Review 2007. DOE/EIA-0384(2007). www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/
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[40] Wald ML (2008) “As Nuclear Waste Languishes, Expense to US Rises.” New York Times, February 19, 2008. www.nytimes.com
[41] Weber CL, Matthews HS (2008) Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States. Environmental Science and Technology. http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/asap/abs/es702969f.html
[42] WHO (2003) National Healthy Cities Networks: A Powerful Force for Health and Sustainable Development in Europe. www.euro.who.int
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