somali piracy
TRANSCRIPT
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AHSAN YOUYSAF CHAUDHARYLLM, I. UNIVERSITY LAW COLLEGE,
PUNJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE.
PUNJAB UNIVERSITY SOCIETY OFINTERNATIONAL LAW(PUSIL)
Somali Piracy and Law of
Nations
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Piracy defined
y Piracy consists of any of the following acts:
y (1) Any illegal acts of violence, detention or any act of depredation, committedfor private ends by the crew
y or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:
(a) On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons orproperty on board such ship
or aircraft;
(b) Against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside thejurisdiction of any State;
y (2) Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft
with knowledge of factsy making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
y (3) Any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described insubparagraph 1 or subparagraph 2 of
this article
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Classification of Buccaneering
Buccaneering
By non-StateActors
PiracyPrivateer-ing
StateSponsored
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Continued.
y Privateering ?yA Tactic as part of
Naval Warfare
between 16th
19th
Centuryy Raiding Commercial
Shipsy The crew could be
treated as POWy UK,USA, Spain,
France, Prussia,Dutch
yPiracy ?yNon-state actors
involvement.
yDeclared anoffence for the firsttime in 1958
yUniversalJurisdiction
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Piracys theater
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Somali PiracyA prologue
ySomalian Revolution ( Ouster of Siad Barre 1989-1991
yCounter Revolution, Somali(Un)Civil War- 1991, a triggeringpoint of unrest , chaos and anomie
in Somalia.yHerald of Piratical Activities late
2005.
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Somali Piracy Raison d etre
Civil War Internal chaos
Unemployed Youth
Illegal Toxic Waste dumpingIllegitimate Fishing*
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Continued
y Abdullahi, Najad (11October 2008). "Toxic
waste' behind Somalipiracy'".
English.aljazeera.net.http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2008/10/2008109174223218644.ht
ml. 2009-03-27.
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Pirates area of Op/Gulf of Aden
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Profiles of Pirates
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Continued..
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Continued.
y Most Pirates are as young as aged between 25-35 from the Puntland, northeastern region inSomalia.
y Pirates comprise of at-least 5 gangs with notles than 1000 armed buccaneers*.
y Local Somali FishermenThe brains
y Ex-militiamenthe muscles
y Technical experts to use the Global PositioningSystem (GPS) like devices**
*East African Seafarers Association (EASA) The Guardian
**BBC Somali Pirates living the high life Sept.2008
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Continued.
y Garaad Mohammad led The national volunteerCoast Guard (NVCG) interceptor of fishingships or infinitesimal vessels.
y
Marka Group (Yousuf Mohammad siadIndaade) scattered and less organized groupsaround Marka
y Puntland GroupTraditional SomaliFishermen
y Somali Marines
the most notorious ,lethal andsophisticated of all with military structure andhead of financial operations.*
*www.Globalsecurity.org
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GPS Constellation in motion
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Weaponry
y Most of the paraphernalia is secured fromYemen but significant amount reaches fromMogadishu
y Pirates are equipped with AKMs, RPG-7sand semi-automatic pistols like TT-30*
yAdditionally, they have Hand grenades such
as RGD-5 or F1*BBC, Somali Pirate killed legally Dec.2008
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Mechanism
Ransom Moneydelivery
Mechanism
y Large denominations (USD$) Currency
y Delivery in burlap(Hessian Cloth) sacks droppedfrom helicopters or cased in water-proof suitcases
loaded onto tiny skiffsy Droppage ofCurrency laden-parachutes
y Currency counting machines an authenticationtool for Currency notes.
y Allegedly Funding is also tossed by the SomaliDiaspora in Canada to the pirates*
*Somali Pirates get help from expats in Canada the star.comDec.11,2008
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Continued
yThe funding of piracy operations isnow structured in a stock exchange,
with investors buying and sellingshares in upcoming attacks in a
bourse in Harardhere.** David Gardner (2009-01-12). "Five Somali pirates drown as they squabble over their
$3million ransom". Dailymail.co.uk.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1110585/Pictured-The-moment-3million-ransom-parachuted-Somali-pirates.html. Retrieved 2009-03-27
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Combined Task Force150
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Anti-Piracy measures
y CTF-150 is a multi-national Task force, est.2008 tocombat the menace of Piracy off the Coastline of
Africa
y Deployment of Indian INS Mysore in the gulf of Aden.
y Somalian Cooperation with InternationalCommunity by permitting a group of countries toenter the territorial waters of Somalia.
y European Union led-operation Atlanta to maintainthe writ of International Law.
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Continued
yUnited States African Command
y International Maritime Bureaus Response
y International Maritime Organization
y Interpol
y Somali Transitional Federal Government(TFG)
yArab League Summit to bolster NATO anti-piracy efforts*
*"Arab league anti-piracy meeting". English.aljazeera.net.http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/insidestory/2008/11/20081120113657918575.html. 2009-03-27
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Continued.
y United Nations resolutions and practical steps incurbing Piracy
y Trials
Lack of evidence has caused the courts set freealleged Pirates
In May 2010, a Yemeni court sentenced six Somalipirates to death and jailed six others for 10 yearseach for hijacking a Yemeni oil tanker and killingtwo cabin crew April this year.
Another pirates fate hangs in the balance in US
for seizing a US Ship and kidnapping its Captain
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Self-protection measures
yThe hitherto merchant vessels Non-armed principle stands revised
through a USC
ongressional legislationproviding Best Practice for vessels tocarry private security Guards.
yEmergence of Private SECURITYAgencies
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Countering-Piracy Options/bottlenecks
y Effectively punitive role of United Nations
y Extended role of United States
y Deployment of more fleets in the gulf of Aden
y Intensified Pressure on Transitional FederalGovernment (TFG) to clamp down the Piratesfunding and strenuous surveillance over theiractivities
y Naval Blockade of Somalia (UN Dithering ) 3025kmlong coastline
y Blockade of home ports of Somali Pirates
y Invading ground Bases of Somali Pirates
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THNAKS
THE END