SOLAR POWER GENERATION

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Group members:

Haris Amir (100335)Fawad Ahmed (100365)

Mudassir Hayat (100269)M. Khubaib (100155)

Omair Akhter (100179)

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Introduction

Solar power generation: solar power generation is one of the best non-conventional sources of Energy. In solar power generation we convert solar energy in to different types of energy. We can convert solar energy directly into electricity by solar cells (PV cells). We can convert solar energy into heat energy by thermal combustion.

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Introduction

Why we need Solar power generation? We have abundant quantity of solar energy.

Coal and other conventional sources deplete with the passage of time.

Low maintenance cost.

Can used in remote areas.

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Introduction

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Photovoltaic (PV) Cells

Using the sun to generate electricity

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What is PV

Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight directly into DC power, and are potentially one of the most useful renewable energy technologies.

Composition of PV Cells

• Made up of single crystal of silicon into which doping materials are diffused to form a semi conductor.

• Thick N region covered with a thin p region.

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Working of PV Cells

• When exposed to light, an electron hole pair is generated.

• Increases charge carriers in both regions.

• Electric field due to junction potential barrier causes current flow into external circuit.

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Efficiency of PV

• PV made up of silicon crystal has efficiency is 24%.

• Commercially available PV cells have efficiency 10% to 12 %.

• Also made up of Gallium arsenide with efficiency of 24% but it is expensive as it is rare therefore silicone PV’s are preferred.

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Photovoltaic power is ideal for remote applicationswhere other power sources are impractical orunavailable, such as in the Swiss Alps.

Solar-powered water pumps PV-powered streetlights battery chargers for boats, vehicles, and equipment

Solar Thermal Power Generetion

Two methods :

Power tower

Solar rays collector

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Power Tower1) General idea is to collect the light from many

reflectors spread over a large area at one central point to achieve high temperature.

2) Example is the 10-MW solar power plant in Barstow, CA.

• 1900 heliostats, each 20 ft by 20 ft• a central 295 ft tower

3) An energy storage system allows it to generate 7 MW of electric power without sunlight.

4) Capital cost is greater than coal fired power plant, despite the no cost for fuel, ash disposal, and stack emissions.

5) Capital costs are expected to decline as more and more power towers are built with greater technological advances.

6) One way to reduce cost is to use the waste steam from the turbine for space heating or other industrial processes

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Power tower

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Solar Ray Collector

Three types of solar ray collector

Flat plat collector Line focusing collector Point focusing collector

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Flat Plate Collector

• Solar rays pass through transparent covers

• Absorbed by conducting pipes.(Aluminum , copper steel etch)• Liquid in pipes get heated.• 150- Butane,Freon-14 used

instead of water.

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Flat Plate Collector

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CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS

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• Line focusing collectors

• Point Focusing collectors

Line Focusing Collectors

• Cylindrical parabolic collectors.• 2-3m length,1-1.5m width.• Array of collectors installed• Rfelects sun rays on conducting

pipe.• Conducting pipe on focus axis.

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Line Focusing Collectors

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Point Focusing Collectors

• Sun rays are focused on a point on absorber cavity

• Liquid in cavity gets heated

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Point Focusing Collectors

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Advantages of concentrating collectors

• They are simple and use less material

• Cost of collecting per unit area is low

• They have more efficiency• High temperature attained in less

volume so to store energy we need less cost.

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Working of solar thermal power plant

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Photo-voltaic VS solar thermal

• Easy to install

• Less Expansive

• Get DC easily

• Less maintenance

• Requires Sterling Engine and Mirrors

• Takes time to operate

• More losses

• Less Efficient

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Solar Radiation map of Pakistan

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Solar Radiation map of World

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Top Solar energy producing Countries

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Advantages and Disadvantages of solar

energy• Not harmful to

environment so called Green Energy

• Unlimited Energy• No need of fuel for

operation• Requires less maintenance • Easy to install• No Pollution• No need of Generator and

other machinery

• Difficult to operate at it maximum efficiency

• Effect of weather• Very Expensive• Requires large area to

capture sun energy• Effect of geographical

location

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Thank You

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