Solar LightingsSolar Lightings• Solar Module.• Charge Controller.• Battery.• Inverter.• Loads• Accessories.

A Typical Layout of AC & DC A Typical Layout of AC & DC Solar SystemSolar System

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMSPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

• Solar energy can be be harvested in to two forms, Solar thermal & Solar Photo voltaic As all of aware of as What is Solar thermal, The conversion of sun light energy in to heat energy.

What is Solar Photo voltaic Lighting System.• The SPV Lighting is a system , That converts

solar energy in to electric energy. & The solar module converts solar energy in to DC current suited to power 12 V & 24 V appliances & batteries. The current depends on the intensity of solar radiation.

Types of stand alone PV System.Types of stand alone PV System.

PV-Direct- The out put from PV can be used

directly to appliances such as water pumps, Lights & Fan.

PV with Batteries.-The out put from PV will be stored in

the batteries and out put will be used at night such as Lights, Fan TV and other DC or AC electrical appliances

PV hybrid.-

The out put from PV will be stored in the batteries with parallel to grid or generator complement each other. This type of system will be

used in the larger application.

SiliconSilicon

Types of Solar ModuleTypes of Solar Module

•Mono crystalline

•Multi crystalline

MONOCRYSTALLINEMONOCRYSTALLINE

• Mono crystalline Silicon cell- One single crystal of a silicon. & They have single co lour tone. They do not deteriorate with time & stable efficiency of 11% to 16%.

MULTI CRYSTALLINEMULTI CRYSTALLINE

• Multi crystalline / Polycrystalline cell- are saws multiple crystals ,

• which is clearly visible in the different co lour pattern on the cell.

• They do not deteriorate with time & stable efficiency of 9% to 13%.

• Although this is some what lower efficiency than for mono crystalline.

• The cost price is lower and resulting price per energy output(Watt peak) similar.

12 V 12 V

24 V24 V

Charge Controller

Controllers: Main functions Controllers: Main functions

• Adequate control of charging process (given the short time available)

• Protection against overcharging

• Protection against too deep discharge

• Prevention of discharge of battery via module .

• It also provides for the protection arrangement against the lightning and surges.

CHARGE CONTROLLER-CHARGE CONTROLLER-FUNCTIONFUNCTION

•It has the button to switch ON or OFF all the lights in the house.

•It shows how the system perform,through series of LED's.

•Apart from visible functions, There are electronics in the control the current in the system.

CHARGE CONTROLLER-CHARGE CONTROLLER-FUNCTIONFUNCTION

• If the battery runs empty, the controller cuts off the all the excess loads.

• It minimizes harm to other components in case of cable damage or short.

Charge Controller- FunctionCharge Controller- Function

•Green LED - Glow While Charging.

•Green / Red LED.- System in Operation - Blink with Green.

- System Fault - Blink with Red.

Charge ControllerCharge Controller

Battery

Cabling & WiringCabling & Wiring• Low voltage system require considerably heavier

wiring that 110 V or 220 V systems.• Example:

100W appliances on 12 V needs a current of 100W/12 Volt=8.3 amps.

The same 100W appliances on 220 V need a current of 100/ 220 Volt = 0.5 Amps.

• If you remember that the heat losses in cables are proportion to the square of the current(P=R x I2) Now you can imagine the importance of thick & short cables in low voltage system. For any SPVHL System use 2,4 Sq mm cable between the array & the SDU with maximum length of 10 meters

““Energy Demand & System Energy Demand & System size”size”

– In order to size a solar system, you must know the expected energy demand.

– To calculate this , You should , together with the customer, Fill in daily calculation

sheet.

INVERTERINVERTER

• Inverters convert DC power from your renewable energy source into the AC power needed for powering the appliances in your home.

• Inverters are grouped in two major categories:  • Those designed to convert solar energy directly into

AC without the use of storage batteries, • Those designed to provide power from batteries, with

the batteries being charged by any number of sources.

Daily Load Calculation SheetDaily Load Calculation Sheet

S.No Appliances

1 Lamp1-Living Room

2 Lamp2- Hall

3 Lamp3- Kitchen

4 Lamp4-Study Room

5 Fan – HallTotal Energy Demand

Power Consumption

(Watts)Daily Use. Hrs/Day

Daily energy Demand Watt

Hrs/Day

Daily Load Calculation SheetDaily Load Calculation Sheet

S.No Appliances

1 Lamp1-Living Room 7 2 14

2 Lamp2- Hall 12 4 48

3 Lamp3- Kitchen 7 1 7

4 Lamp4-Study Room 9 3 27

5 Fan – Hall 15 3 45Total Energy Demand 141

Power Consumption

(Watts)Daily Use. Hrs/Day

Daily energy Demand Watt

Hrs/Day

DepreciationDepreciationDepreciation Calculation for INCOME TAX-LESS THAN 180 DAYS

Depreciation as per the section 32 of the INCOME TAX ACT 1961Purchase made between April 1 & Sept 30(LESS THAN 30 DAYS)

EX: AC-900Rs.124000

80.00% 99200

Year Price Dep Write down the Values1 124000 99200 24800

2 24800 19840 4960

3 4960 3968 992

4 992 794 198

5 198 159 40

-1st Year.