soil survey of apostle islands national lakeshore, wisconsin

Soil Survey of Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin

United States Department of Agriculture

Natural ResourcesConservation Service

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

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This publication consists of text, tables, and maps. The text includes descriptions of detailed soil map units and provides an explanation of the information presented in the tables. It also includes a glossary of terms used in the text and tables and a list of references.

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Go to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

How To Use This Soil Survey

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National Cooperative Soil SurveyThis soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint

effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

The soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, the maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale.

Literature CitationThe correct citation for this survey is as follows:

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 2014. Soil survey of Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin. (Accessible online at: http://soils.usda.gov/survey/printed_surveys/)

Cover CaptionThe area around Raspberry Island Light is mapped as Portwing-Herbster complex,

0 to 6 percent slopes, on till plains.

Additional information about the Nations natural resources is available online from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/.

http://soils.usda.gov/survey/printed_surveys/

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Nondiscrimination StatementNondiscrimination Policy

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To File an Employment ComplaintIf you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agencys EEO

Counselor (http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/33081.wba) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html.

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(SNAP) issues, call either the USDA SNAP Hotline Number at (800) 221-5689, which is also in Spanish, or the State Information/Hotline Numbers (http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/33085.wba).

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ContentsHow To Use This Soil Survey ....................................................................................... iPreface.......................................................................................................................... ixIntroduction ...................................................................................................................1

How This Survey Was Made .....................................................................................1Detailed Soil Map Units ................................................................................................3

433292Lerch-Herbster complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes ..........................................4433296Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ....................6433299Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes ..................9433300Kellogg-Allendale-Ashwabay complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes ..................12433301Kellogg-Allendale-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes ................16433304Sedgwick-Munuscong complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes .............................19433305Superior-Sedgwick complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ..................................21433309Superior-Sedgwick complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes ................................23433310Sultz-Ashwabay-Rubicon complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ....................26433314Manistee-Kellogg-Ashwabay complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ..............29433326Rubicon sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes ........................................................32433379Allendale loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes .....................................33433515Lupton, Cathro, and Tawas soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...........................35433572Portwing-Herbster complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ...................................37433573Cornucopia silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes ............................................40433582Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes ........................................................41433599Annalake fine sandy loam, lake terrace, 2 to 6 percent slopes ................43433600Annalake fine sandy loam, lake terrace, 6 to 15 percent slopes ..............44433671Arnheim mucky silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded .........45433676Redrim very cobbly sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ....................47433679Lapoin loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes ...........................................................48433686Zeba sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ................................50433729Sultz sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes .............................................................51433739Moquah fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded ........52433771Beaches, 2 to 12 percent slopes ..............................................................53433802Udorthents, ravines and escarpments, 25 to 60 percent slopes ..............54452739Water ........................................................................................................55452765Abbaye-Lapoin complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ........................................551383557Au Gres loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes ............................................571383580Loxley, Beseman, and Dawson soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...................581383581Rifle peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes .............................................................611383603Cornucopia silt loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes ........................................621383658Deerton-Brownstone complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ..........641383660Deerton-Brownstone complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes, very stony ........661383662Abbaye loamy sand, 6 to 15 percent slopes ...........................................681383665Allendale-Wakeley-Kinross complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ...................691383960Flink sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes ............................................................721444357Arnheim mucky silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded .......741444359Beaches, 2 to 12 percent slopes ............................................................75

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1444367Udorthents, ravines and escarpments, 25 to 60 percent slopes ............751444378Wakefield fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, stony ........................761444379Wakefield fine sandy loam, 6 to 18 percent slopes, stony ......................771444388Allendale loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes ...................................791444402Tonkey sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............................................801444410Tula fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, stony.................................821444414Lupton, Cathro, and Tawas soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes .........................831444425Lerch-Herbster complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes ......................................861444426Portwing-Herbster complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes .................................881444427Cornucopia silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes ..........................................901444428Cornucopia silt loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes ........................................921444431Croswell sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes ......................................................931444432Gogebic fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ..................951444435Iosco loamy sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes ................................................961444457Redrim very cobbly sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ..................971444459Zeba sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ..............................991444460Abbaye-Lapoin complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ....................................1001444461Abbaye-Zeba complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ....................1021444477Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ..............1041444478Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes ............1071444479Morganlake loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes .................................... 1101444480Morganlake loamy sand, 6 to 15 percent slopes .................................. 1121444481Kellogg-Allendale-Ashwabay complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes .............. 1131444482Kellogg-Allendale-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes ............ 1161444486Sedgwick-Munuscong complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes .........................1191444487Superior-Sedgwick complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ..............................1221444488Superior-Sedgwick complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes ............................1241444489Sultz-Ashwabay-Rubicon complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ................1261444492Manistee-Kellogg-Ashwabay complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes ..........1291444506Keweenaw, stony-Rubicon complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes .................1321444507Keweenaw, stony-Rubicon complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes ...............1341444585Meehan sand, beaches, 0 to 2 percent slopes .....................................1361444586Wurtsmith sand, beaches, 0 to 3 percent slopes ..................................1381444587Grayling sand, beaches, 2 to 12 percent slopes ..................................1391529830Meehan sand, beaches, 0 to 2 percent slopes .....................................1401700372Loxley, Beseman, and Dawson soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes .................1411700373Rifle peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...........................................................1441700374Allendale-Wakeley-Kinross complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes .................1451702605Menominee loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes ................................1481702606Deerton-Brownstone complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, very stony ........1491702607Deerton-Brownstone complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes, very stony ......1511702608Abbaye loamy sand, 6 to 15 percent slopes .........................................1531711685Cublake-Keweenaw, stony complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes ..................155

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Use and Management of the Soils ..........................................................................159Interpretive Ratings ................................................................................................159

Rating Class Terms ............................................................................................159Numerical Ratings .............................................................................................159

Land Capability Classification ................................................................................160Prime and Other Important Farmland ....................................................................161Hydric Soils ............................................................................................................162Landform and Parent Material ................................................................................163Land Management .................................................................................................163Recreation ..............................................................................................................165Engineering ............................................................................................................166

Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings .......................................................167Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Landscaping .............................168Sewage Disposal ...............................................................................................169Source of Gravel and Sand ...............................................................................170Source of Reclamation Material, Roadfill, and Topsoil .......................................170Ponds and Embankments ..................................................................................171

Soil Properties ..........................................................................................................173Engineering Properties ...........................................................................................173Physical Soil Properties .........................................................................................174Erosion Properties ..................................................................................................175Total Soil Carbon ....................................................................................................176Chemical Soil Properties ........................................................................................177Water Features .......................................................................................................177Soil Features ..........................................................................................................178

Formation and Classification of the Soils ..............................................................180Factors of Soil Formation .......................................................................................180Processes of Soil Horizon Differentiation ...............................................................195Classification of the Soils .......................................................................................197

References ................................................................................................................199Glossary ....................................................................................................................201Tables ........................................................................................................................211

Table 1.Soil Legend ............................................................................................212Table 2.Land Capability Classification ................................................................226Table 3.Prime and Other Important Farmland ....................................................232Table 4.Hydric Soils ............................................................................................233Table 5.Landform and Parent Material ...............................................................240Table 6.Land Management, Part I (Planting) ......................................................254Table 6.Land Management, Part II (Hazard of Erosion and Suitability

for Roads) ........................................................................................................264Table 6.Land Management, Part III (Site Preparation) .......................................274Table 6.Land Management, Part IV (Site Restoration) .......................................282Table 7.Recreation, Part I (Camp and Picnic Areas) ..........................................292Table 7.Recreation, Part II (Trail Management) .................................................308

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Table 8.Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings ...........................................321Table 9.Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Landscaping .................335Table 10.Sewage Disposal .................................................................................353Table 11.Source of Gravel and Sand ..................................................................371Table 12.Source of Reclamation Material, Roadfill, and Topsoil .........................382Table 13.Ponds and Embankments ....................................................................397Table 14.Engineering Properties ........................................................................412Table 15.Physical Soil Properties .......................................................................454Table 16.Erosion Properties ...............................................................................476Table 17.Total Soil Carbon ..................................................................................493Table 18.Chemical Soil Properties ......................................................................500Table 19.Water Features ....................................................................................517Table 20.Soil Features ........................................................................................553Table 21.Taxonomic Classification of the Soils ...................................................561Table 22.Soil Classification Key ..........................................................................562

Issued 2014

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This soil survey was developed in conjunction with the National Park Services Soil Inventory and Monitoring Program and is intended to serve as the official source document for soils occurring within Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wisconsin.

This soil survey contains information that affects current and future land use planning in the park. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey highlights soil limitations, actions needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the environment. It is designed to meet the needs of the National Park Service and its partners to better understand the properties of the soils in the park and the effects of these properties on various natural ecological characteristics. This knowledge can help the National Park Service and its partners to understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. The location of each map unit is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described, and information on specific uses is given. Help in using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the park office for Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.

Preface

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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service

How This Survey Was Made This survey was made in conjunction with the National Park Services Soil Inventory

and Monitoring Program to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas within Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.

The soil survey data was clipped from the county-based soil surveys of Bayfield County, Wisconsin, and Ashland County, Wisconsin. Both of these surveys were mapped at a scale of 1:12,000. Bayfield County was correlated in October 2005, and Ashland County was correlated in May 2006. The data was last SSURGO-certified in May 2010. The data for this document was extracted in January 2013. In some instances, because data was clipped from more than one county-based set of soil maps, some same-named detailed soil map units may have more than one map symbol and their properties may vary. There are 46 different map units mapped in the park and 197 map unit components.

Sections of this report were reviewed by State-based staff of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Park Service personnel, and the soils faculty at the University of California, Davis.

The information includes a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location and a discussion of their suitability, limitations, and management for specified uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by



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an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they delineated the boundaries of these bodies on digital imagery and identified each as a specific map unit.

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The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the park. The map unit descriptions in this section, along with the maps, can be used to determine the suitability and potential of a unit for specific uses. They also can be used to plan the management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting components are mentioned in the map unit descriptions. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives the principal hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. All the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. The soils of a given series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name

Detailed Soil Map Units


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of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Allendale loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, is a phase of the Allendale series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Lerch-Herbster complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, is an example.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Water is an example.

Table 1 lists each map unit in the park, its major and minor components, and the percentage of each component in the unit. Other tables give properties of the soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

433292Lerch-Herbster complex, 0 to 3 percent slopesMap Unit Setting

Major land resource area (MLRA): 92Superior Lake PlainElevation: 600 to 1,095 feet Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 33 inchesMean annual air temperature: 36 to 43 degrees FFrost-free period: 90 to 120 days

Map Unit Composition

Lerch and similar soils: 50 percentHerbster and similar soils: 35 percentDissimilar minor components: 15 percent

Description of the Lerch Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationVery fine, mixed, active, nonacid, frigid Vertic Epiaquepts

SettingLandform: Lake plains and till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeSlope range: 0 to 2 percentDown-slope shape: Linear and concaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very highParent material: Clayey till and/or clayey lacustrine deposits modified by wave action

over loamy and/or sandy stratified lacustrine depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: FrequentWater table (depth, kind): At the soil surface, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Poorly drained


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Shrink-swell potential: Very high (about 10.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 8Available water capacity: High (about 9.6 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 6wMeets hydric soil criteria: YesHydrologic soil group: D

VegetationExisting plants: Balsam fir, speckled alder, redosier dogwood, balsam poplar, quaking

aspen, willow, and eastern arborvitae

Typical ProfileOa0 to 3 inches; muckBg3 to 7 inches; clayBtg7 to 12 inches; clayBtk12 to 29 inches; clayBk29 to 56 inches; clay2C56 to 80 inches; stratified silt loam to very fine sandy loam to loamy fine sand

Description of the Herbster Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationFine, mixed, active, frigid Aeric Glossaqualfs

SettingLandform: Till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 3 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: HighParent material: Clayey till and underlying loamy and sandy stratified lacustrine

depositsRestrictive feature(s): Abrupt textural change at a depth of 40 to 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): At the soil surface, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 5Available water capacity: High (about 10.0 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 3wMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: D


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VegetationExisting plants: Speckled alder, wild sarsaparilla, bigleaf aster, yellow bluebeadlily,

bunchberry dogwood, beaked hazelnut, redosier dogwood, and fragrant bedstraw

Typical ProfileA0 to 5 inches; silt loamE5 to 10 inches; silt loamB/E10 to 13 inches; silty clay loamBt113 to 28 inches; clay2Bt228 to 33 inches; stratified silty clay loam to clay to silty clay2Btk33 to 55 inches; stratified silty clay loam to clay to silty clay3C55 to 80 inches; stratified very fine sandy loam to silt loam to loamy very fine

sand

Minor Components

Munuscong soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes

Pickford soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Depressions and drainagewaysRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes

Shag soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Depressions and drainagewaysRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes

433296Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Cublake and similar soils: 35 percentCroswell and similar soils: 20 percentAshwabay and similar soils: 20 percentDissimilar minor components: 25 percent

Description of the Cublake Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationSandy, mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Haplorthods

SettingLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 6 percent


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Down-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Sandy outwash underlain by stratified silty, loamy, and sandy

glaciofuvial depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 24 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Low (about 5.4 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 4sMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: A

VegetationExisting plants: Spreading dogbane, American hazelnut, flowering spurge, Virginia

strawberry, rose, dwarf red blackberry, starry false Solomons seal, and lowbush blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 3 inches; sandE3 to 4 inches; sandBs4 to 23 inches; sandBC23 to 32 inches; sandC132 to 40 inches; sandC240 to 48 inches; stratified fine sand to very fine sand2C348 to 60 inches; stratified very fine sandy loam to silt loam

Description of the Croswell Soil


SettingLandform: Outwash plains, stream terraces, lake plains, and lake terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Sandy glacial drift


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Restrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneDepth to water table: About 24 inches (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Low (about 4.1 inches)


VegetationExisting plants: Kinnikinnick, swordfern, trailing arbutus, eastern teaberry, twinflower,

pin cherry, brackenfern, thimbleberry, starflower, and blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 1 inch; sandE1 to 7 inches; sandBs7 to 16 inches; sandBC16 to 39 inches; sandC39 to 60 inches; sand

Description of the Ashwabay Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationSandy, isotic, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Haplorthods

SettingLandform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and ground morainesLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits underlain by clayey till or lacustrine

depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 30 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)


9

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 4sMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: B


strawberry, rose, dwarf red blackberry, feather Solomons seal, and lowbush blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 4 inches; loamy sandE4 to 5 inches; sandBhs5 to 12 inches; sandBs12 to 32 inches; sandBw32 to 45 inches; sand2Bt145 to 62 inches; clay2Bt262 to 80 inches; stratified clay to silt to sand

Minor Components

Rubicon soilsPercent of map unit: 10 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Flink soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Sayner soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Sultz soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

433299Cublake-Croswell-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Cublake and similar soils: 35 percentCroswell and similar soils: 20 percentAshwabay and similar soils: 20 percentDissimilar minor components: 25 percent


10

Description of the Cublake Soil


SettingLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 6 to 15 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy outwash underlain by stratified silty, loamy, and sandy

glaciofuvial depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 24 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Low (about 5.4 inches)



strawberry, rose, dwarf red blackberry, starry false Solomons seal, and lowbush blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 3 inches; sandE3 to 4 inches; sandBs4 to 23 inches; sandBC23 to 32 inches; sandC132 to 40 inches; sandC240 to 48 inches; stratified fine sand to very fine sand2C348 to 60 inches; stratified very fine sandy loam to silt loam

Description of the Croswell Soil


SettingLandform: Outwash plains, stream terraces, lake plains, and lake terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): BackslopeSlope range: 6 to 12 percentDown-slope shape: Convex


11

Across-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy glacial driftRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneDepth to water table: About 24 inches (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Low (about 4.1 inches)


VegetationExisting plants: Kinnikinnick, swordfern, trailing arbutus, eastern teaberry, twinflower,

pin cherry, brackenfern, thimbleberry, starflower, and blueberry




SettingLandform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and ground morainesLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 6 to 15 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits underlain by clayey till or lacustrine

depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: None


12

Water table (depth, kind): About 24 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)





Minor Components

Rubicon soilsPercent of map unit: 10 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No




433300Kellogg-Allendale-Ashwabay complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Major land resource area (MLRA): 92Superior Lake PlainElevation: 600 to 1,695 feet Mean annual precipitation: 27 to 34 inches


13

Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 46 degrees FFrost-free period: 90 to 140 days


Kellogg and similar soils: 35 percentAllendale and similar soils: 25 percentAshwabay and similar soils: 20 percentDissimilar minor components: 20 percent

Description of the Kellogg Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationSandy over clayey, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Haplorthods

SettingLandform: Lake plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitSlope range: 2 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy lacustrine or outwash sediments and underlying clayey

lacustrine depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 18 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 3Available water capacity: High (about 10.1 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 3sMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: C



Typical ProfileOe0 to 2 inches; moderately decomposed plant materialE2 to 6 inches; sandBs6 to 26 inches; sand2B/E26 to 29 inches; silty clay2Bt29 to 40 inches; silty clay2C40 to 80 inches; silty clay


14

Description of the Allendale Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationSandy over clayey, mixed, semiactive, frigid Alfic Epiaquods

SettingLandform: Lake terraces, outwash plains, ground moraines, and lake plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitSlope range: 2 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy sediments and underlying clayey lacustrine or till

depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 6 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 5Available water capacity: Low (about 5.5 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 3wMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: C

VegetationExisting plants: Speckled alder, bunchberry dogwood, gray dogwood, eastern poison

ivy, American elm, and violet

Typical ProfileA0 to 3 inches; loamy fine sandE3 to 10 inches; sandBhs10 to 13 inches; sandBs13 to 26 inches; sandE26 to 28 inches; sand2Bt28 to 34 inches; clay2C34 to 60 inches; clay



SettingLandform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and ground morainesLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitSlope range: 2 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: Convex


15

Across-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits underlain by clayey till or lacustrine






Minor Components

Portwing soilsPercent of map unit: 8 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Cublake soilsPercent of map unit: 7 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Wakeley soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Drainageways and depressionsRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes


16

433301Kellogg-Allendale-Ashwabay complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Kellogg and similar soils: 40 percentAllendale and similar soils: 25 percentAshwabay and similar soils: 20 percentDissimilar minor components: 15 percent



SettingLandform: Lake plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 6 to 15 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy lacustrine or outwash sediments and underlying clayey



VegetationExisting plants: Serviceberry, sedge, lily-of-the-valley, hawthorn, strawberry, eastern

teaberry, western brackenfern, starflower, and blueberry


17




SettingLandform: Lake terraces, outwash plains, ground moraines, and lake plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 6 to 12 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy sediments and underlying clayey lacustrine or till depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 6 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 5Available water capacity: Low (about 5.5 inches)








18


Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits underlain by clayey till or lacustrine






Minor Components



Wakeley soilsPercent of map unit: 3 percent


19

Landform: Drainageways and depressionsRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes

433304Sedgwick-Munuscong complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Sedgwick and similar soils: 50 percentMunuscong and similar soils: 30 percentDissimilar minor components: 20 percent

Description of the Sedgwick Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationCoarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Epiaquods

SettingLandform: Till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very highParent material: Loamy alluvium and underlying clayey tillRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 6 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 19Available water capacity: High (about 9.8 inches)



20

VegetationExisting plants: Speckled alder, threeseeded sedge, yellow bluebeadlily, bunchberry

dogwood, water horsetail, eastern teaberry, fragrant bedstraw, western brackenfern, willow, and blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 5 inches; sandy loamE5 to 8 inches; loamy sandBs8 to 16 inches; sandy loam2B/E16 to 19 inches; clay2B19 to 53 inches; clay2Btk53 to 80 inches; silty clay

Description of the Munuscong Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationCoarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, active, nonacid, frigid Mollic Epiaquepts

SettingLandform: Lake plains and ground morainesLandform position (two-dimensional): ToeslopeSlope range: 0 to 2 percentDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: MediumParent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over calcareous clayey materialsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: FrequentWater table (depth, kind): At the soil surface, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Poorly drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 20Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.3 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 6wMeets hydric soil criteria: YesHydrologic soil group: B/D

VegetationExisting plants: Speckled alder, willow, eastern hemlock, and American elm

Typical ProfileA0 to 8 inches; fine sandy loamBg8 to 30 inches; sandy loam2C30 to 60 inches; silty clay

Minor Components

Allendale soilsPercent of map unit: 8 percent


21

Representative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Superior soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Herbster soilsPercent of map unit: 4 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Pickford soilsPercent of map unit: 3 percentLandform: Depressions and drainagewaysRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes

433305Superior-Sedgwick complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Superior and similar soils: 50 percentSedgwick and similar soils: 30 percentDissimilar minor components: 20 percent

Description of the Superior Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationCoarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Haplorthods

SettingLandform: Lake plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitSlope range: 2 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very highParent material: Loamy water-laid deposits and underlying clayey lacustrine depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 6 inches, perched (see table 19)


22

Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 13Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.8 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 3eMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: C

VegetationExisting plants: Bigleaf aster, yellow bluebeadlily, bunchberry dogwood, fragrant

bedstraw, American fly honeysuckle, Canada beadruby, blackberry, American starflower, and blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 3 inches; fine sandy loamE3 to 6 inches; sandy loamBs6 to 14 inches; sandy loam2B/E14 to 19 inches; clay2Bt19 to 26 inches; clay2C26 to 60 inches; clay



SettingLandform: Till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 3 percentDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid




23



Typical ProfileA0 to 5 inches; loamy sandE5 to 8 inches; loamy sandBs8 to 16 inches; sandy loam2B/E16 to 19 inches; clay2Bt19 to 53 inches; clay2Btk53 to 80 inches; silty clay

Minor Components

Allendale soilsPercent of map unit: 10 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No


Munuscong soilsPercent of map unit: 3 percentLandform: Drainageways and depressionsRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes


433309Superior-Sedgwick complex, 6 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Superior and similar soils: 50 percentSedgwick and similar soils: 30 percentDissimilar minor components: 20 percent

Description of the Superior Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationCoarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Haplorthods


24


Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very highParent material: Loamy water-laid deposits and underlying clayey lacustrine depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 6 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Moderately well drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 13Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.8 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 4eMeets hydric soil criteria: NoHydrologic soil group: C

VegetationExisting plants: Bigleaf aster, yellow bluebeadlily, bunchberry dogwood, fragrant

bedstraw, American fly honeysuckle, Canada beadruby, blackberry, American starflower, and blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 3 inches; fine sandy loamE3 to 6 inches; sandy loamBs6 to 14 inches; sandy loam2B/E14 to 19 inches; clay2Bt19 to 26 inches; clay2C26 to 60 inches; clay



SettingLandform: Till plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 15 percentDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid


25





Typical ProfileA0 to 5 inches; loamy sandE5 to 8 inches; loamy sandBs8 to 16 inches; sandy loam2B/E16 to 19 inches; clay2Bt19 to 53 inches; clay2Btk53 to 80 inches; silty clay

Minor Components

Kellogg soilsPercent of map unit: 10 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Cornucopia soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Allendale soilsPercent of map unit: 3 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Lerch soilsPercent of map unit: 2 percentLandform: Drainageways and depressionsRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes


26

433310Sultz-Ashwabay-Rubicon complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Sultz and similar soils: 35 percentAshwabay and similar soils: 25 percentRubicon and similar soils: 20 percentDissimilar minor components: 20 percent

Description of the Sultz Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationSandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods

SettingLandform: Outwash plains, outwash terraces, lake plains, and lake terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 15 to 45 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy outwash underlain by stratified loamy or loamy and sandy

alluvium or lacustrine depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneDepth to water table: More than 72 inchesDrainage class: Well drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 5Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)


VegetationExisting plants: Spreading dogbane, bigleaf aster, American hazelnut, eastern

teaberry, clubmoss, partridgeberry, western brackenfern, starry false Solomons seal, and blueberry


27

Typical ProfileOa0 to 2 inches; highly decomposed plant materialE2 to 6 inches; sandBs6 to 18 inches; sandBC18 to 25 inches; sandC25 to 43 inches; sand2C43 to 60 inches; stratified sand to fine sand to loamy sand to very fine sandy loam




Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits underlain by clayey till or lacustrine







28

Description of the Rubicon Soil


SettingLandform: Outwash plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 15 to 45 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneDepth to water table: More than 72 inchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Low (about 3.4 inches)


VegetationExisting plants: Wild sarsaparilla, bigleaf aster, Pennsylvania sedge, beaked hazelnut,

eastern teaberry, sweet fern, pin cherry, western brackenfern, and blueberry

Typical ProfileA0 to 1 inch; sandE1 to 6 inches; sandB6 to 18 inches; sandBC18 to 36 inches; sandC36 to 60 inches; sand

Minor Components



Manistee soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percent


29


433314Manistee-Kellogg-Ashwabay complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting



Manistee and similar soils: 40 percentKellogg and similar soils: 30 percentAshwabay and similar soils: 20 percentDissimilar minor components: 10 percent

Description of the Manistee Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationSandy over clayey, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Haplorthods


Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy lacustrine and outwash sediments underlain by clayey

lacustrine depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneDepth to water table: More than 72 inchesDrainage class: Well drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 15Available water capacity: Low (about 5.9 inches)


VegetationExisting plants: Sugar maple, eastern white pine, and eastern hemlock


30

Typical ProfileA0 to 3 inches; sandE3 to 11 inches; sandBs11 to 28 inches; sandE28 to 30 inches; sand2Bt30 to 38 inches; clay2C38 to 60 inches; clay



SettingLandform: Lake terracesLandform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder and backslopeSlope range: 15 to 30 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy lacustrine or outwash sediments and underlying clayey



VegetationExisting plants: Serviceberry, sedge, lily-of-the-valley, hawthorn, strawberry, eastern

teaberry, western brackenfern, starflower, and blueberry





31


Properties and QualitiesRunoff: LowParent material: Sandy outwash or beach deposits underlain by clayey till or lacustrine






Minor Components

Superior soilsPercent of map unit: 4 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Cornucopia soilsPercent of map unit: 3 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Sultz soilsPercent of map unit: 3 percent


32


433326Rubicon sand, 0 to 6 percent slopesMap Unit Setting

Major land resource areas (MLRAs): 91BWisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash; 92Superior Lake Plain

Elevation: 600 to 1,800 feet Mean annual precipitation: 27 to 34 inchesMean annual air temperature: 39 to 46 degrees FFrost-free period: 80 to 140 days


Rubicon and similar soils: 85 percentDissimilar minor components: 15 percent

Description of the Rubicon Soil


SettingLandform: Outwash plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): SummitSlope range: 0 to 6 percentDown-slope shape: ConvexAcross-slope shape: ConvexRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Outwash sandsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneDepth to water table: More than 72 inchesDrainage class: Excessively drainedShrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Low (about 4.0 inches)


VegetationExisting plants: Wild sarsaparilla, bigleaf aster, Pennsylvania sedge, beaked hazelnut,

eastern teaberry, sweet fern, pin cherry, western brackenfern, and blueberry


33


Minor Components

Croswell soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No

Karlin soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No



433379Allendale loamy fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopesMap Unit Setting



Allendale and similar soils: 80 percentDissimilar minor components: 20 percent



SettingLandform: Outwash plains, lake terraces, ground moraines, and lake plainsLandform position (two-dimensional): FootslopeSlope range: 0 to 3 percentDown-slope shape: LinearAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid


34

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: Very lowParent material: Sandy sediments and underlying clayey lacustrine or till depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: NoneWater table (depth, kind): About 6 inches, perched (see table 19)Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedShrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 LEP)Salinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 5Available water capacity: Low (about 5.5 inches)





Minor Components

Kellogg soilsPercent of map unit: 6 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No


Wakeley soilsPercent of map unit: 5 percentLandform: Depressions and drainagewaysRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: Yes


Sedgwick soilsPercent of map unit: 2 percentRepresentative aspect: NorthMeets hydric soil criteria: No


35

433515Lupton, Cathro, and Tawas soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Major land resource areas (MLRAs): 90AWisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part; 91BWisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash; 92Superior Lake Plain; 93BSuperior Stony and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills, Eastern Part

Elevation: 600 to 1,600 feet Mean annual precipitation: 27 to 43 inchesMean annual air temperature: 36 to 46 degrees FFrost-free period: 70 to 145 days


Lupton and similar soils: 40 percentCathro and similar soils: 30 percentTawas and similar soils: 25 percentDissimilar minor components: 5 percent

Description of the Lupton Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationEuic, frigid Typic Haplosaprists

SettingLandform: Depressions on disintegration morainesSlope range: 0 to 1 percentDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Herbaceous and woody organic material more than 51 inches thickRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: FrequentDepth to water table: At the soil surfaceDrainage class: Very poorly drainedSalinity maximum: Not salineSodicity maximum: Not sodicCalcium carbonate equivalent (maximum weight percentage): 0Available water capacity: Very high (about 26.0 inches)

Interpretive GroupsLand capability subclass (nonirrigated): 7wMeets hydric soil criteria: YesHydrologic soil group: A/D

VegetationExisting plants: Speckled alder, Pennsylvania sedge, willow, eastern arborvitae, and

American elm

Typical ProfileOa0 to 65 inches; muck


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Description of the Cathro Soil

Taxonomic ClassificationLoamy, mixed, euic, frigid Terric Haplosaprists

SettingLandform: Depressions on disintegration morainesSlope range: 0 to 1 percentDown-slope shape: ConcaveAcross-slope shape: ConcaveRepresentative aspect: NorthSoil temperature class: FrigidSoil temperature regime: Frigid

Properties and QualitiesRunoff: NegligibleParent material: Herbaceous organic material 16 to 51 inches thick underlain by loamy

depositsRestrictive feature(s): None within a depth of 60 inchesFrequency of flooding: NoneFrequency of ponding: FrequentDepth to water table: At the soil surfaceDrainage class: Very poorly

soil survey of apostle islands national lakeshore, wisconsin

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