soil structure, cultivations and crop establishment: csf ......more effective than lgp tyres • no...

1 © 2016 Soil Structure, Cultivations and Crop Establishment: CSF Helpston 2016. Philip Wright Wright Resolutions Limited Soil Structure, Cultivations and Establishment. © 2016 Soil Structure – visual indicators © 2016 Soil Structure: trafficking effects After: Söhne (1958) Axle Load Pressure © 2016 • Soil resistance to compaction is improved by Organic Matter • Note a small increase in OM% makes a big difference 12psi = 83kPa 20psi = 138kPa 35psi = 241kPa Nutrient Availability Key Component – Organic Matter © 2016 Subsoiler Leg Geometry: principles © 2016 After: Tullberg et al. 2003 Reduced pressure/axle weight and correct balance by ballasting; Note RESIDUE MANAGEMENT is key Options for compaction reduction Controlled traffic Source: CTF Europe © 2016 Setting up ballast & tyre pressures Benefits of reduced ground pressure © 2016 Cover Crops – benefits of getting roots down. Moisture removal and restructuring capabilities are key features!! • Different modes of root growth – target & restructure compacted zones • Minimise nutrient loss through winter • Go before a later sown Autumn or Spring crop – moisture benefits • Incorporate / Graze or Spray off; possibility to direct drill next crop • TIMING of Cover crop desiccation is vital for effective Spring cropping • Spring rotations - the key for grass weed control??? • Note soil disturbance when establishing a cover and the next crop can imply different requirements. © 2016 • Correctly-inflated low ground pressure tyres reduce compaction, surface runoff and sediment loss from autumn spray operations… • Drilling the wheeling area has no consistent effect, as autumn spray operation still causes compaction • Novel rotary harrow usually more effective than LGP tyres • No effect of treatments on wheelslip, fuel use or crop yield Runoff 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Control Tyre Control + Harrow Optimum tyre Optimum + Harrow Runoff (mm) Eroded soil 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Control Tyre Control + Harrow Optimum tyre Optimum + harrow Sediment (kg/ha) After: Sustainable Arable LINK 2008/15 Soil Structure – Movement of Water & Nutrient Up to 75% of run-off is from tramlines

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Soil Structure, Cultivations andCrop Establishment:

CSF Helpston 2016.

Philip WrightWright Resolutions Limited

Soil Structure, Cultivations and Establishment.

Soil Structure – visual indicators

Soil Structure: trafficking effects

After: Söhne (1958)

Axle Load

Pressure

• Soil resistance to compaction is improved by Organic Matter• Note a small increase in OM% makes a big difference

12psi = 83kPa

20psi = 138kPa

35psi = 241kPa

Nutrient Availability

Key Component – Organic Matter

Subsoiler Leg Geometry: principles

After: Tullberg et al. 2003

Reduced pressure/axle weight and correct balance by ballasting;Note RESIDUE MANAGEMENT is key

Options for compaction reduction

Controlled traffic

Source: CTF Europe

Setting up ballast & tyre pressuresBenefits of reduced ground pressure

Cover Crops – benefits of getting roots down.

Moisture removal and restructuring

capabilities are key features!!

• Different modes of root growth – target & restructure compacted zones• Minimise nutrient loss through winter• Go before a later sown Autumn or Spring crop – moisture benefits• Incorporate / Graze or Spray off; possibility to direct drill next crop• TIMING of Cover crop desiccation is vital for effective Spring cropping

• Spring rotations - the key for grass weed control???• Note soil disturbance when establishing a cover and the next crop can imply different requirements.

• Correctly-inflated low ground pressure tyres reduce

compaction, surface runoff and sediment loss from autumn

spray operations…

• Drilling the wheeling area has no consistent effect, as autumn

spray operation still causes compaction

• Novel rotary harrow usually more effective than LGP tyres

• No effect of treatments on wheelslip, fuel use or crop yield

Runoff

02468

101214

ControlTyre

Control +Harrow