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SOIL NAILING DESIGN BY USING GEO 5 PROGRAM

Final Project

In partial fulfillment for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering Degree in civil Engineering

Prepared by :

Sri Ardiyati Kusuma Wardani

NIM :

D100112013

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2017

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PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillah, all the praise to Allah SWT who has given blessing and

mercies until this Final Project with the title “SOIL NAILING DESIGN BY USING

GEO 5 PROGRAM” can be completed. This Final Project made to fulfill the

requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,

Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

The author is grateful to all the parties who give their support, help, and

guidance until this Final Project can be completed. Because of that the author say

thanks to:

1. Mr. Sri Sunarjono, PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

2. Mr. Muhammad Solikin, PhD as Head of Civil Engineering of Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta

3. Mr. Anto Budi Listyawan, S.T., M.Sc. as academic advisor and advisor for

the final project who has given many suggestion for academic, guide and

taught the author.

4. Mrs. Renaningsih, Ir., M.T. as first examiner who given some advises and

guidance for the author

5. Mrs. Yenny Nurchasanah, S.T., M.T. as secondary examiner who give some

advices to make this final project better.

6. All lecturers in Civil Engineering Departement of Engineering Faculty of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta for all the knowledge, patience and

the guidance that has been given to the author.

7. Mom, dad, and all my family who always give me their support, prayer and

advice.

8. My husband Danang Widiarto and my only child Rhafa Faiq Amali

Khairullah that always by my side, support and love me no matter the

situation in finishing this final project.

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9. My best friend Wafiqotul Karimah, that always support me, cheer me up

and accompany me in every moment in my life.

10. All my friends student of Civil engineering department period 2011,2012

and 2013 thank you for your time as my partner in class or on assignment,

and entertain me when I’m down, many thanks for you all.

11. All the parties that can’t be mentioned one by one who have help me to

accomplish this final project.

The author realize that this Final Project is not perfect. Because of that, the

author hope there are any suggestion and criticism to make this Final Project better

and can be useful for other. Aamiin

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Surakarta, July 2017

Author

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MOTTO

“Why we fall? So we can learn how to rise”

(Batman Begins)

“Pray without effort is a lie, and effort without praying is arrogant”

(My Father)

“You’ll never be brave if you don’t get hurt. You’ll never learn if you don’t make

mistakes. You’ll never be successful if you don’t encounter failure.”

(Anonym)

“It is difficult to be patient but to waste the rewards for patience is worse.”

(Abu Bakr )

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillah, all the praise to Allah SWT who has given blessing and

mercies until this Final Project with the title “SOIL NAILING DESIGN BY USING

GEO 5 PROGRAM” can be completed. This Final Project made to fulfill the

requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,

Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

The author is grateful to all the parties who give their support, help, and

guidance until this Final Project can be completed. Because of that the author say

thanks to:

1. Mr. Sri Sunarjono, PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

2. Mr. Muhammad Solikin, PhD as Head of Civil Engineering of Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta

3. Mr. Anto Budi Listyawan, S.T., M.Sc. as academic advisor and advisor for

the final project who has given many suggestion for academic, guide and

taught the author.

4. Mrs. Renaningsih, Ir., M.T. as first examiner who given some advises and

guidance for the author

5. Mrs. Yenny Nurchasanah, S.T., M.T. as secondary examiner who give some

advices to make this final project better.

6. All lecturers in Civil Engineering Departement of Engineering Faculty of

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta for all the knowledge, patience and

the guidance that has been given to the author.

7. Mom, dad, and all my family who always give me their support, prayer and

advice.

8. My husband Danang Widiarto and my only child Rhafa Faiq Amali

Khairullah that always by my side, support and love me no matter the

situation in finishing this final project.

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9. My best friend Wafiqotul Karimah, that always support me, cheer me up

and accompany me in every moment in my life.

10. All my friends student of Civil engineering department period 2011,2012

and 2013 thank you for your time as my partner in class or on assignment,

and entertain me when I’m down, many thanks for you all.

11. All the parties that can’t be mentioned one by one who have help me to

accomplish this final project.

The author realize that this Final Project is not perfect. Because of that, the

author hope there are any suggestion and criticism to make this Final Project better

and can be useful for other. Aamiin

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Surakarta, July 2017

The writer

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TABLE OF CONTENT

FINAL PROJECT TITLE….................................................................................... i

CERTIFICATION SHEET......................................................................................ii

PREFACE...............................................................................................................iii

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP....................................................................v

MOTTO…………………………………………………………………………..vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………...…..vii

TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………….…………….ix

LIST OF FIGURE………………………………………………………………..xi

LIST OF TABLE………………………………………………………………..xiv

LIST OF SYMBOL………………...……………………………………………xv

ABSTRACT…...………………………………………………………………xviii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION…..........................................................................1

A. Background to The Research..................................................................1

B. Statement of The Research…………......................................................1

C. The Research Objective………………………………….......................2

D. Benefit of The Research...........................................................................2

E. Limitation of The Research…………………………………….……….2

F. The Originality of The Research………………………………………..3

CHAPTER II LITERATUR REVIEW …................................................................5

A. Soil Nailing..............................................................................................5

1. Histori of Soil Nailing…………………………………………..5

2. Basic Element of Soil Nailing…………………………………..5

3. Construction sequence of soil Nailing…...…………….………10

4. Application of Soil Nail Walls ………………………………..16

B. Slope Stability……................................................................................19

C. Geo 5 Program.......................................................................................22

CHAPTER III THEORETICAL REVIEW………...............................................25

A. Analysis of Soil Nail Wall.....................................................................25

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1. External Failure Modes………………………………………..25

2. Internal Stability of Nailed Slope……………………………...34

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METODE….……………………………………....41

A. General..................................................................................................41

B. Research Data........................................................................................41

C. Research Tools………………………………………………………..41

D. Research Step………………………………………………………....42

E. Implementation of The Research……………………………………...45

CHAPTER V ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.………………………………..46

A. Soil Data Collection…………………………………………………..46

B. Analysis of Soil Nail Wall by manual Calculation…………………...47

C. Analysis of Nailed Slope Using GEO5 Program……………………..56

D. Discussion…………………………………………………………….78

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION …………....…………….80

A. Conlusion……………………………………………………………..80

B. Suggestion…………………………………………………………….81

BIBLIOGRAPHY.……………………………………………………………….82

APPENDIX

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure II.1.a. Typical Cross-Section of Soil Nail Wall…………………………..6

Figure II.I.b The Detail Typical Cross-Section of Soil Nail Wall………………7

Figure II.2. Nail Head ………………………………………………….………7

Figure II.3. Centralizer ………………………………………………………...8

Figure II.4. Soil Nail Wall Construction Sequence …………………………..10

Figure II.5a. Examples of Alternative Temporary Excavation ………………..11

Figure II.5b. Examples of Alternative Temporary Excavation Support (Slot

Excavation) ……………………………………………………...12

Figure II.6. Drainage System in Soil Nail Walls. …………………………...13

Figure II.7. Shotcrete Temporary Facing ……………………………………,14

Figure II.8.a. Soil Nail Walls for Temporary…………………………………..16

Figure II.8.b. Soil Nail Walls Permanent Cut Slopes ……………………...…..17

Figure II.9. Road Widening Under Existing Bridge …………………………18

Figure II.10. Slope failure as single-wedge with planar surface ………………20

Figure II.11. Forces that working in simplified bishop method ……………….21

Figure III.1. Principal Modes of failure of soil nail wall systems. ……………26

Figure III.2. Forces that working in wedge method …………………………..27

Figure III.3 Correlation graph for sand soil API ……………………………..30

Figure III.3 Sliding stability of a soil nail wall ………………………………32

Figure III.4 Bearing capacity (heave) analysis………………………………..33

Figure III.5 Nail pull-out failure ……………………………………………,,,36

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Figure III.6 Schematic location of soil nails maximum tensile forces ………..38

Figure IV.1 Flowchart of the planning stage ……………………………….....43

Figure IV.2. Flow chart of Geo5 program ……………………………………..44

Figure V.1. Sketch of Nailed Slope against Global Stability ………………….49

Figure V.2. Forces Affect Safety Factor of Global Stability in Wedge

Method …………………………………………………………..49

Figure V.3. The length of Le on Slope ……………………………………….51

Figure V.5. The icon of Nailed Slope on desktop …………………………….57

Figure V.6. The screen display of Geo 5 Nailed Slopes program …………….57

Figure V.7. Project screen display ……………………………………………58

Figure V.8. Analysis method screen display ………………………………….59

Figure V.9. Option of design concrete construction ………………………….60

Figure V.10. Option of pressure analysis setting, changed into USA …………..60

Figure V.11. Geometry screen display …………………………………………60

Figure V.12. Type of nail screen display ………………………………………61

Figure V.13. Nails.geom screen display ……………………………………….62

Figure V.14. Material screen display …………………………………………..63

Figure V.15. Soils screen display ………………………………………………64

Figure V.16. Input data of soil …………………………………………………64

Figure V.17. Assign screen display …………………………………………….65

Figure V.18. Terrain screen display ……………………………………………66

Figure V.19. Settings screen display …………………………………………...67

Figure V.20. Calculation Setting dialog box …………………………………..67

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Figure V.21. Internal stability screen display ………………………………….68

Figure V.22. Verification internal stability for straight slip surface ……………68

Figure V.23. Verification of nail bearing capacity …………………………….69

Figure V.24. Verification screen display ………………………………………70

Figure V.25. Detail verification of complete wall ……………………………..70

Figure V.26. Bearing capacity dialog box before calculation ………………….71

Figure V.27. Detail verification of bearing capacity before calculation ………..71

Figure V.28. Spread Footing display screen …………………………………...72

Figure V.29. Result of bearing capacity calculation using Spread Footing

program ………………………………………………………….72

Figure V.30. Inputting value of Rd in Nailed slope program ………………….73

Figure V.31. Detail bearing capacity of foundation soil check after

Calculation……………………………………………………….74

Figure V.32. Dimensioning screen display …………………………………….74

Figure V.33. Calculation result of dimensioning ………………………………75

Figure V.34. Slope Stability screen display ……………………………………76

Figure V.35. Analysis result of Slope Stability first trial ……………………….76

Figure V. 36. Analysis result of Slope Stability Second Trial …………………..77

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LIST OF TABLE

Table I.1. Test Result DST…………………………………………………...3

Table I.2. Similarities and Differences with Similar Research ……………...3

Table II.1 Tread Bar Properties………………………………………………6

Table III.1 Shear Strength Capacity of Soil Nailing in Sand Soil……...……31

Table III.2. Capacity factor Terzaghi ………………………………………...34

Table IV.1. Test Result of DST ………………………………………………40

Table V.1. Soil data of Bor Hole I …………………………………………..46

Table V.2. The result of trial error…………………………………………...47

Table V.3. Minimum Factor of Safety of Nailed Slope ……………………..48

Table V.4. The data design of nailed slope…………………………………..48

Table V.5. Manual calculation Result of Slope ……………………………..51

Table V.6. Calculation of slope internal stability……………………………55

Table V.7. The data design of nailed slope in Geo 5 program………………56

Table V.8. Result of manual calculation and Geo 5 program…………….....78

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LIST OF SYMBOL

Be : Width of the excavation

: length of the horizontal failure surface

: Wide of slice n

: Soil effective of cohesion′ : cohesion

: soil cohesion strength along the base

d : average of effective diameter of the drill hole.

d : diameter of nail bar

DDH : Diameter of drill hole

EI : Stiffness of nail bar

: factor of safety with respect to strength

fy : steel tensile strength

H : Height of the wall

Heq : H equivalent

Ks : Lateral modulus reaction of soil

: active earth pressure coefficient for soil behind the soil nail wall system

Lo : Length of distribution

: Length of failure plane

Le/Lp : Length of bar behind the failure plan

: length of failure plane

: Total slices

: Normal force of failure plane:: passive stress that limited become half of ultimate passive stress

Pu : ultimate passive stress

: Surcharge load

q : mobilized bond shear stress acting around the perimeter of the nail-soil

interface

: pullout capacity per unit length

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: ultimate bond strength

: Shear strength capacity of nail bar

Rn : Tensile carrying capacity of nail bar

: Shear force in failure plane

Sh : Spacing Horizontal∶ ℎ ℎ ℎSv : Spacing Vertical

T : Allowable tensile strength of nail bar

: Allowable global tensile strength

: Void water stress

V : Allowable shear strength of nail bar

: Allowable global shear force

: Weight of soil slice n

W : weight of soil nail block

: Weight of sliding mass

: Depth of embedded nail( ) : maximum axial force developed in the nail at depth z

: inclination of failure plane

: Inclination of failure surface slice n

: Inclination of the back slope

: slope angle

: Slope face angle with the respect to the vertical

: total unit weight of soil mass

δ : angle friction structure soil

: Inclination of failure plane

: Horizontal stress′ : normal stress on the potential failure surface

: average shear strength of the soil

: average shear stress developed along the potential failure surface

: Soil effective angle of internal friction′ : angle of friction

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Φ : angle friction of soilΣ : total allowable tensile strengthΣ : total allowable shear force of nail

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ABSTRACT

Indonesia has many mountainous area, slope and hills and it often used asresidents, resorts, hotels, and highway as infrastructure. However many slopes isunstable, therefore should be a reinforcement on slope to overcome the problem oflandslides, and it is soil nail wall. To make easy when design soil nail wall, it neededthe assistive program. Based on this problem, the writer want to investigate theusage of program in designing soil nail wall, the program is Geo 5. In this researchdata is taken from Piyungan road-the boarder of Gunung Kidul. Soil nail wall thatconsist of nail bar and grout, controlling the internal stability (nail pull-out failureand nail tensile failure) and external stability (global stability, sliding, bearingcapacity), weight of soil ( ) 15.186 kN/m3; specific gravity ( ) 2.66; cohesion ( )15.984 kN/m2; and friction angle ( ) 30.440.

Geology condition of soil layer in investigation location is dominated bysand. Calculation done by manual calculation and Geo 5 program. After thecalculation, the result is Global stability (FSG) is 2.42 (manual) and 2.43 (Geo 5) >1.5(safe).Sliding stability (FSSL) is 3.53 (manual) and 8.29 (Geo 5) >1.5(safe).Bearing capacity (FSH) is 12.85 (manual) and 8.57 (Geo 5) > 3.0 (safe).Nail tensile failure (FST) is 3.04 (manual) and nail pull out resistance (FSP) is 6.37(manual) and internal stability is 3.21 (Geo 5) > 2.0 (safe).

The differences result between manual calculation and Geo 5 program arecaused by differences of equation and method that have been used. In manualcalculation is using Rankine and in Geo 5 program using Coulomb and Caqout-Kerisel. And also because of manual calculation ignoring the calculation of groutand concrete cover.

Keywords: geo5 program, soil nailing, slope stability, nailed slope