software and its application to electromagnetic analysis ... · to electromagnetic analysis of...

Software and its application Software and its application to electromagnetic analysis to electromagnetic analysis

of magnetic systemof magnetic system

Presented by E.LamzinE.LamzinEfremov Research Institute (NIIEFA)

St.Peterburg, Russia

Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// www.niiefa.spb.su, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], FAX: (812) 464-4468, Phone: (812) 462-77-82

KOMPOT-M3D MAGNETOSTATIC FIELD COMPUTATION

The KOMPOT-M code is a well-proven integrated software designed for numerical simulation and analysis of 3D magnetostaticfield. An effective calculation algorithm enables a versatile magnetic field analysis using medium-scale computers. The numerical simulation provides a desired accuracy with the allowance for a complex magnetic system geometry and ferromagnetic saturation effects.

HIGHLIGHTSefficient numerical simulation algorithm capable of precise magnetic field analysis;

pre and post processing of input/output data.The numerical simulation algorithm is based on the scalar magnetic

potential conception, finite-element method and symmetric successive overrelaxation method combined with a polynomial acceleration of a convergence rate.

magnetic scalar potential method implies an equivalent replacement of currents by electric vector potential sources to determine a single continuous scalar potential over the entire region of interest, including current regions;

1,000-10,000,000 node mesh is possible for field analysis; so near full scale models can be taken into account

mid-runtime full-range precise calculations are allowed on any state-of-art PC.

The package contains the modules for calculations of ponderomotiveloads on different elements of a magnetic system (including ferromagnetic ). KOMPOT-M is compatible with thermo-hydraulic and structural analysis codes

Magnetic field formation in DCMagnetic field formation in DC--72 isochronous cyclotron72 isochronous cyclotron

Finitelement mesh for DC-72 magnet system calculation model

General view of DC-72 magnet system calculation model

Calculated field in the median plane

Calculated field in the vertical cross-section midvalley

Calculated field in the central area, sector end

Ponderomotive force density

Influence functions for DC-72 field shaping

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

Radius, m

-0.06

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

<B>

cha

nge,

T

Current influence (-5A)

Sector shape influences (+0.5mm)

Plug shape influence (+1mm)

Outer facet influence (+1mm)

Influence functions

DC-72 sector surface shape: synthesized vs. manufactured

0 50 100 150 200 250

Radius, mm

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

9.5

10.0

Hal

f ga

p, m

m

Synthesized shape ("Test 1.1")

Real shape ("Q7")

Sector surface shape

Average field in the median plane: simulated vs. measured

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

Radius, m

1.075

1.080

1.085

1.090

1.095

1.100

1.105

1.110

1.115

1.120

1.125

B av

erag

e, T

Required field ("Sms-H")

Synthesized field ("Test 4.3")

Measured field ("Q7K")

Average field at the lower level

Convergence of solutions

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

Radius, m

-0.007

-0.006

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0.000

0.001

0.002

<B>

mis

fit, T

Difference between simulated and requiredaverage fields

Iteration 0, I=213.71A




Efremov Efremov ResearchResearchInstituteInstitute

Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// www.niiefa.spb.su, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], FAX: (812) 464-4468, Phone: (812) 462-77-82

Electromagnetic analysisof TOKAMAK

Electromagnetic Analysis of the ITER Electromagnetic Analysis of the ITER FacilityFacility

•• Vacuum Vessel & Blanket Modules.Vacuum Vessel & Blanket Modules.•• Shielding Structure of Vacuum Vessel.Shielding Structure of Vacuum Vessel.•• Thermal Shield of Vacuum Vessel.Thermal Shield of Vacuum Vessel.•• DivertorDivertor Components.Components.•• Conducting Case of the Conducting Case of the ToroidalToroidal Field Coils.Field Coils.•• PoloidalPoloidal and and ToroidalToroidal Field Coils.Field Coils.•• Correction Coils.Correction Coils.•• Neutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction System.Neutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction System.

Appl. Math. Dept. of STC “SINTEZ”, Efremov Research Institute, St. Petersburg, RF

For the Electromagnetic analysis estimation For the Electromagnetic analysis estimation the two codes have been used:the two codes have been used:

1.1. The The TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code is designed for an advanced 3D is designed for an advanced 3D simulation of transient electromagnetic processes using simulation of transient electromagnetic processes using thin conducting shell.thin conducting shell.

2.2. The The KLONDIKE codeKLONDIKE code is intended for a 3D field is intended for a 3D field simulation for current and permanent magnet systems.simulation for current and permanent magnet systems.


KLONDIKEKLONDIKENumerical Simulation of 3D Fields for Current and Permanent Magnet Systems

The KLONDIKEKLONDIKE package is intended for a 3D field simulation for current and permanent magnet systems. The package is based on FORTRAN and C++ and is available as the object module library on PCs and more powerful computers. An effective numerical algorithms uses analytical solution of surface integrals, that provide prompt and mathematically exact definition for magnetic field strength vector H at any point of observation. KLONDIKEKLONDIKE is easy to use and requires no preliminary skills to apply. In fact, users need only to input coordinates, current density and magnetization vector for model polyhedron elements.

KLONDIKEKLONDIKE includes five groups of modules:– module defining and displaying the geometry of a currents system (an advanced coil editor implements Graphical User Interface);

– main module calculating the field produced by a set of standard elements;– modules calculating surface integrals and the magnetic field strength vector for a current inside an arbitrary volume bounded with planar faces;

– modules calculating the magnetic field strength vector for ring conductors of arbitrary cross-section;– subroutine library of standard elements with on-the-fly updating for main types of magnet systems.The package contains the modules for calculations of ponderomotive loads on different elements of a magnetic system (including ferromagnetic ). KLONDIKEKLONDIKE is compatible with thermo-hydraulic and structural analysis codes.

APPLICATIONS: VERIFICATION:– Current Magnets Systems– Permanent magnet system– MRI Systems– Electromagnetic Shielding– Fusion Magnetic Systems– Particle Accelerators– Mass separation– ECR sources– Various magnetic calculations

KLONDIKE was verified:– with a set of analytical results;– during International ThermonuclearExperimental Reactor (ITER)Engineering Design Activity(EDA) in comparison with the results of other packages

KLONDIKEKLONDIKE was succesfully applied to the electromagnetic shielding design of an MRI tomograph (the Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, St.-Petersburg, Russia); magnetic field reconstruction of PHENIX Detector (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA); design hexapole of an ECR-source (the Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, St.-Petersburg, Russia); design of Poloidal and Toroidal Fields Systems for the ITER Project (International Test Engineering Reactor).

Magnetic surface of a helical toroidal field generated by a combination of an infinite straight conductor and a ring

conductor

axonometric view top view lateral view

CalculationalCalculational model of model of PoloidalPoloidal and and ToroidalToroidalField Coils and PlasmaField Coils and Plasma

• The 3D solid model development.• Calculations of the magnetic fields

and forces for normal and abnormal conditions.

• Safety analysis.• Calculation of three harmonic modes.

Preliminary estimation of expected spectrum of Error Field due to coils deviations and misalignments.

• The statistical analysis of total Error Field for 246 degrees of freedom of poloidal and toroidal magnet system on the basis of Monte-Carlo method.

• Calculation of correction coils currents required to suppress error fields below the specified limit.


KLONDIKE codeKLONDIKE code

The 3D solid model of Plasma, Poloidal and Toroidal Field Coils.

ToroidalToroidal Field Ripple.Field Ripple.• The ripple loss of fast alpha

particles in configurations with negative central shear in TOKAMAK without ferromagnetic inserts is large.

• Ferromagnetic inserts are going to be used in ITER to reduce the value of Toroidal Field (TF) ripple.

• The 3D solid model of Poloidal and Toroidal Field coils and ferromagnetic inserts.

• Estimation of ferromagnetic inserts influence on TF ripple.

• Taking into account real unlinear properties of ferromagnetic materials.

• Estimation of residual magnetic fields

• Optimization of ferromagnetic inserts.

4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5R(m)

4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5

-3.5

-3.0

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Z(m)

-3.5

-3.0

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1

1

2

TF ripple δ(%) with ferromagnetic inserts with different

filling factor for regions.

Ferromagnetic insert and TF coil. 1/36 of facility.

KLONDIKEKLONDIKE codecode


Neutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction SystemNeutral Beam Magnetic Field Reduction System

• The stray magnetic field from the TOKAMAK magnet system inside Neutral Beam Injectors during the injector operation should be very low to avoid deflection of the ion beam.

• Development of 3D solid unlinear models for reduction of the magnetic field to the acceptable level.

• Optimization of active coils and passive ferromagnetic shield.

• 3D magnetic analysis of Error Field due to Neutral Beam Injector Magnetic Field Reduction System (MFRS).

KLONDIKE codeKLONDIKE code

Neutral Beam InjectorDiagnostic Neutral Beam Injector


Electromagnetic Analysis of the Electromagnetic Analysis of the StellaratorStellarator nonnon--planarplanar Coil Type 3 Coil Type 3

and and planar Coil Bplanar Coil B

Max Planck Institute of the Plasma Physics Branch in Max Planck Institute of the Plasma Physics Branch in Greifswald, GermanyGreifswald, Germany


Two-stage calculations have been performed to evaluate the loading conditions. At the first stage distributions of magnetic field and volume force density over the coil were obtained using the code KLONDIKEKLONDIKE for solving 3D magnetostatic problems.

At the next stage the code NFORCENFORCE was used to transform electromagnetic loads into nodal forces in a format suitable for a structural analysis and to evaluate integral forces acting on the coil. The finite-element code NFORCENFORCE was developed at the EfremovInstitute for data handling using a transformation of various distributed loads (EM or thermal) into their nodal equivalents to solve coupled (and tripled) problems. The output data are available in different formats including the ANSYS format

Finite-element model of the non-planar stellarator coil type 3. Isometric view

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96Number of conductor portion between two basic cross-section

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

F'x

F'y

F'z

Force (kN)

Force components acting on conductor portions located between two basic cross-sections. The force components are given in local coordinate systems related with conductor portions. The first portion of the conductor is located between first and second cross-sections, the second portion is between second and third cross-sections, etc.

Finite-element model of the planar stellarator coil B. Isometric view

Force components acting on conductor portions located between two basic cross-sections. The force components are given in local coordinate systems related with conductor portions. The first portion of the conductor is located between first and second cross-sections, the second portion is between second and third cross-sections, etc.

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96Number of conductor portion between two basic cross-sections

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13Force (kN)

F'x

F'y

F'z

TYPHOONTYPHOON

DESCRIPTIONThe TYPHOONTYPHOON code is designed for an advanced 3D simulation of transient electromagnetic processes

using thin conducting shell. The code allows users to take into account the symmetry of the construction and to reduce significantly the problem dimension. TYPHOONTYPHOON consists of integrated shell, mesh generator, geometry analyzer (preprocessor), system generator, system solver, postprocessor and result viewer.

FEATURES

Very fast and effective system generator based on specific analytical results and suitable integrating method

Modelling with a set of arbitrary connected thin conducting shells located in a 3D spaceCompatibility with:

– VINCENTA, COND codes for thermo-hydraulic calculations of superconducting systems,– ANSYS, FEA, COSMOS/M codes for mechanical calculations,– KOMPOT code for 3D non-linear magnetostatic field calculations.

High performance of the code was proved with the standard test problems presented at Test Elecromagnetic Analysis Method (TEAM) Workshops. TYPHOONTYPHOON was intensively verified during the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Engineering Design Activity. It was applied to the design of the ITER facility, the TEXTOR tokamak (in KFA/IPP, Julich, Germany),the KSTAR tokamak (KBSI, Korea), the MRI devices tomograph (in Efremov Inst., St.Petersburg, Russia; ANSALDO, Italy) and so on.

Vacuum Vessel and Blanket ModulesVacuum Vessel and Blanket Modules• The 3D shell model development.• Estimation of electromagnetic loads acting on the Vacuum Vessel and Blanket modules during some

operational conditions: 1) Central Disruptions, 2) fast and slow Vertical Displacement Events with Halo currents, 3) Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge using the TYPHOON code.

• EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent dynamic structural analysis.• Estimation of magnetic field penetration time and one turn toroidal and poloidal resistivities of

Vacuum Vessel.


The figure illustrates surface eddy current density distribution over Vacuum

Vessel segment 1/18 part. The profile lines indicate surface current density.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Time, ms

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

Radial Force

Total Force, MN

Toroidal Force

Vertical Force

The figure shows time variation of total forces acting on the Vacuum Vessel during plasma

Central Disruption 27ms.

Blanket modulesBlanket modules

• The 3D shell model development.• The transient electromagnetic analysis of

Blanket modules under different loading conditions: 1) Central Disruptions (CD), 2) fast and slow Vertical Displacement Events (VDE) with Halo currents, 3) Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge (TFCFD).

• Time behaviors of the total radial, toroidal and poloidal torque moments acting on the all (17 items) modules.

• Determination of the most loaded construction elements.

• Transfer local EM loads to nodal forces for subsequent dynamic structure analysis.

• Taking into consideration different options of electrical connections between Blanket modules and Vacuum Vessel..


TYPHOON codeTYPHOON codeDistribution of surface force density normal

component over Blanket modules.

Vacuum Vessel Shielding BlocksVacuum Vessel Shielding Blocks• The 3D shell model development.• Calculation of the EM loads: eddy current, forces, torque moments acting on VV Shielding

Blocks under different loading conditions: Central Disruption, fast upward and downward VDE.• Estimation of the ponderomotive forces associated with magnetization of the ferromagnetic

shielding blocks• Consideration of real ferromagnetic properties of material.• Estimation of the ferromagnetic blocks influence on the toroidal field ripple and error field.

3D shell model of Vacuum Vessel and Outer Shielding block..


TYPHOON TYPHOON codecode

Outer shielding block. Distribution of eddy

current (step of flux lines is 200A).

Vacuum Vessel Thermal ShieldVacuum Vessel Thermal Shield

• The 3D shell model of Thermal Shield. • Estimations of EM loads from Halo and

eddy currents acting on the Thermal Shield for various plasma disruption regimes: CD27ms, CD54ms, fast upward and downward VDE, slow upward, downward VDE with Halo current and Toroidal Field Coil Fast Discharge (TFCFD).

• Determination of the most dangerous time moment during plasma regimes.

• Identification of extreme values of EM loads and their location.

• Transfer EM loads to nodal forces for subsequent static structural analysis.TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code


The eddy current distribution over the Vacuum Vessel Thermal Shield is presented in this figure.

The estimation of EMThe estimation of EM--loads on the loads on the DivertorDivertorCassetteCassette

• The 3D shell model.• The calculation of electromagnetic loads

acting on the Divertor Cassette under fast and slow downward VDEs with Halo Current.

• Taking into account static magnetic fields from Toroidal and Poloidal Field Coils.

• Estimation and drawing of total forces and moments time histories for different elements of Divertor Cassette: Cassette Body, Inner and Outer Vertical Targets, Dome and Liners.

• Determination of the most dangerous time moment during plasma regimes.

• Identification of extreme values of EM loads and their location.

• Carrying out of the EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent structure analysis.

• Consideration of different electrical properties of material.


TYPHOON TYPHOON codecodeThe profile lines of eddy current are shown in this figure. The various colors indicate the surface current density.

EM Analysis of EM Analysis of DivertorDivertor Components.Components.• The 3D shell model of Divertor Components: Inner and Outer Vertical Targets, Dome and Liners.• EM analysis of Divertor Components for fast and slow downward VDE with.• Taking into account the EM loads from eddy and Halo currents.• Consideration of static magnetic fields from TF and PF coils.• Time behaviors of total forces and moments acting on each Divertor component estimation and drawing.• Determination of the most dangerous time moments when EM loads achieve their peaks. • Searching of the most loaded elements of construction.• Performance of EM loads transfer to nodal forces for subsequent structure analysis.


Distribution of the surface force density over Inner Vertical Target.

TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code

Distribution of surface current density over Outer Vertical Target.

Distribution of the surface force density over Dome and Liners.

CalculationalCalculational Model of Model of ToroidalToroidal Field Field Coils Case and Poloidal Field Coil Clamps Coils Case and Poloidal Field Coil Clamps

and Supports. and Supports.

3D thin conducting shell model3D thin conducting shell model.Appl. Math. Dept. of STC “SINTEZ”, Efremov Research Institute, St. Petersburg, RF

TYPHOONTYPHOON codecode

ToroidalToroidal Field Coil CaseField Coil Case• The 3D shell model development.• Numerical simulation of eddy current behavior and a calculation of the heat deposition observed in the

magnet cold structures.• Transient EM analysis of AC losses in Toroidal Field Coil (TFC) case under different loading conditions:

fast and slow VDEs, poloidal coil fast discharges and the plasma reference scenario (0-1800 sec).• Time evolution of total energy dissipated in TFC case calculation and drawing.

• Determination of the TFC case parts, where AC loss density is the highest.



Distribution of AC loss surface density.

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800Time (s)

0

50

100

150

200

250

Energy (kJ)

Evolution of total energy dissipated in TFC case during plasma reference scenario (0-1800sec).

Toroidal Field Coils Case and Poloidal Field Coil Toroidal Field Coils Case and Poloidal Field Coil Clamps and Supports.Clamps and Supports.

The 3D shell model development.Numerical simulation of eddy current

behavior and a calculation of the heat deposition observed in the magnet cold structures.

Transient EM analysis of AC losses in Toroidal Field Coil (TFC) case and Poloidal Coil (PFC) Clamps and Supports under different loading conditions: fast and slow VDEs, poloidal coil fast discharges, the plasma reference scenario (0-1800sec) and PFC fast discharge.

Time evolution of total energy dissipated in TFC case and PFC clamps and supports calculation.

Determination of the TFC case and PFC clamps and supports parts, where AC loss density is the highest..

Typical profile lines of eddy currents.The various colors indicate the surface current density.



GLOBUSGLOBUS--MM

Finite-element calculation model of Globus-M vacuum vessel



Toroidal eddy current in GLOBUS-M vacuum vessel.

green– simulated results;blue– experimental results.

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

-60-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-505

101520253035404550556065

1

2


Korea Korea BasicBasicScienceScienceInstituteInstitute

Efremov Efremov ResearchResearchInstituteInstitute

Russia, St. Petersburg, http:// www.niiefa.spb.su, ERussia, St. Petersburg, http:// www.niiefa.spb.su, E--mail: [email protected], [email protected], mail: [email protected], [email protected], FAX: (812) 464FAX: (812) 464--4468, Phone: (812) 4624468, Phone: (812) 462--7777--8282

Electromagnetic analysisof KSTAR

This presentation is created with the use of the TYPHOON codeTYPHOON code

Producer:O.FilatovScenario:

KBSIAnimation and music:

D.Garkushawith the assistance of

V.Amoskov,T.Beliakova,

A.Belov,E.Gapionok,V.Kukhtin,E.Lamzin,

N.Maksimenkova,B.Mingalev,

S.Sytchevsky.

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