Kampala, Uganda, 2 April 2012

Socio-Economic Aware Design of Future Network Technology

(Y.FNsocioeconomic)

Martin Waldburger, University of Zurich,

Editor of Y.FNsocioeconomic in Q21/13, waldburger@ifi.uzh.ch

ITU Workshop on “Developments regarding telecommunication network architectures

and services”

(Kampala, Uganda, 2 April 2012)

2

Outline

• SESERV Goal • Socio-economic Awareness

•  Design Goals and Objectives in Y.3001 •  Scope of Y.FNsocioeconomic •  Proposed Structure

• Tussle Evolution: Bandwidth Sharing •  Tussle Analysis Meta-method •  Methods Overview •  Application Case

• Summary and Conclusions • Q&A

3

SESERV Goal

•  Based on the fact that ICT contributes to social inclusion, economic development, sustainability:

•  SESERV shall bridge the gap between •  Especially socio-economic (SE) priorities and •  Research objectives of European ICT projects in FP7

•  SESERV does offer a service that provides •  An open access to SE and networking experts •  Investigation methodologies for relationships

between Future Internet technology, society, and the economy

•  Knowledge and findings through research reports, workshops, and various research support on SE upon request

FISE Community

Tussle Analysis

Event Organization

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Socio-economic Awareness (1)

Technology layer

Socio-economic layer

ISPs End-users ASPs Regulators

Socio-economic layer is governed by laws of socio-economics, while technology layer by laws of physics

Routers Links Switches

Network protocols

Network applications

Firewalls Middleboxes

3G towers

Out-of-network socio-economic interactions

Stakeholders with varying socio-economic interests

Technology choices (including investments, configurations)

Technology outputs (connectivity, QoS, mobility, security, etc.)

Technology components

…

Servers

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Socio-economic Awareness (2)

Stakeholders strategies/ policies with respect to a specific technology (functionality)

Adopt technology

Dimension resources

Configure technology

Use technology

ISP

Longer

Shorter

Ada

ptat

ion

times

cale

The combination of actor strategies lead to a tussle outcome, characterized by stakeholders benefits.

Internet Socio- Economic layer

tussle outcome

Feed

back

At each stage conflicts of interest (incentives) may arise at the socio-economic layer.

6

Socio-economic Awareness (3)

•  Traditional engineering goals (technology design) •  Effectiveness •  Efficiency •  Modularity •  Security

•  Technology will reach multiple stakeholders •  Different interpretations of goals •  Different incentives •  Different choices

• Understanding socio-economic aspects •  Complete view on ecosystem •  Assess technology adoption and long-term success

Stakeholders  engage  in   tussles

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Design Goals and Objectives in Y.3001

•  „Future Networks: Objectives and Design Goals“ •  Objectives

•  Service awareness •  Data awareness •  Environmental awareness •  Social and economic awareness

•  Design goals •  Service diversity •  Functional flexibility •  Virtualization of resources •  Data access •  Energy consumption •  Service universalization •  Economic incentives •  Network management •  Mobility •  Optimization •  Identification •  Reliability

...  to  reduce  barriers  to  entry  for  the  various  actors  involved  in  the  network  ecosystem.  

...  to  reduce  life  cycle  costs  in  order  for  them  to  be  deployable  and  sustainable.  

...  allow  appropriate  compe88on  and  an  appropriate  return  for  all  actors  

FNs  are  recommended  to  be  designed  to  provide  a  sustainable  compe88on  environment  for  solving  tussles  

among  the  range  of  par8cipants  in  the  ICT/telecommunictaion  ecosystem  

 Ra8onale:  Many  technologies  have  failed  to  be  deployed,  flourish,  or  be  sustainable  because  of    inadequate  or  inappropriate  decisions  of  the  

architect,  ...    

Sufficient  aHen8on  therefore  needs  to  be  paid  to  economic  and  social  aspects  such  as  economic  incen8ves  in  designing  and  implemen8ng  the  

requirements,  architecture,  and  protocol  of  FNs  in  order  to  provide  a  sustainable  compe88on  environment  to  the  

various  par8cipants  

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Scope of Y.FNsocioeconomic

• Y.3001 lists... •  Candidate technologies •  But no methods to achieve goals and objectives

•  „Socio-Economic Aware Design of Future Network Technology“ This  Recommenda8on  lists  methods  to  achieve  socio-­‐economic  design  goals  and  objec8ves  for  Future  Networks  (FNs).  When  a  candidate  FN  technology  is  provided,  the  methods  listed  provide  a  structured  approach  •  to  an8cipate  at  technology  design  8me  the  socio-­‐economic  impact  of  the  

technology  taking  into  account  the  relevant  set  of  stakeholders,  tussles  emerging  among  them,  and  the  range  of  available  choices,  

•  to  an8cipate  either  a  stable  and  incen8ves-­‐compa8ble  or  an  unstable  outcome  resul8ng  from  deploying  the  technology,  

•  to  iden8fy  poten8al  spillover  (unwanted)  effects  from  the  technology’s  primary  func8onality  to  another  func8onality,    

•  and  to  help  design  technology  for  Future  Networks  that  is  in-­‐line  with  the  respec8ve  socio-­‐economic  design  goals  and  objec8ves.  

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Proposed Structure •  Summary •  Scope •  References •  Definitions •  Abbreviations and acronyms •  Conventions •  Introduction •  Socio-economic Aware Deployment of Future Network

Technology •  Design for Tussle •  Technology Deployment Cycle •  Tussle Evolution

•  Tussle Analysis •  Stakeholder Identification Methods •  Tussle Identification Methods •  Tussle Impact and Tussle Evolution Methods •  Appendix: Methods Overview

Tussle concept

Meta-method

Methods to implement steps of tussle analysis

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Tussle Evolution: Bandwidth Sharing

Func%onality:  bandwidth  sharing  

ISPs  thro2le    bandwidth  of      p2p    applica9ons  by      using    DPI  technology.            

p2p  applica9ons  configured  to    perform  traffic  obfusca9on  

What  if  ISPs  deploy    conges9on  exposure  technologies  &    conges9on  pricing  schemes?  

Func%onality:  VoIP  service  delivery  

Regulator  announces  fines  due    to  VoIP  providers’  complaints    

p2p  users  get    dispropor9onate    bandwidth  share  

p2p  users  configure  applica9ons  to  open    mul9ple  TCP    connec9ons  for  the  same  session            

?  

ISPs  use  DPI  technology    to  degrade  quality  of    rival  VoIP  services  

?  

no    discrimina9on  

peer-­‐to-­‐peer  (p2p)  users  

interac9ve  users  

interac9ve    users  get    

dispropor9onate    bandwidth  share  

ISPs  

ASPs  

Regulator  

ISP  (neutral  en9ty)  

fair  bandwidth  sharing  

Tussle  outcome  

Stakeh

olde

rs’    

strategies/policies  

Stakeh

olde

rs’    

strategies/policies  

Tussle  outcome  

p2p    applica9ons    mo9vate  mul9ple    TCP  connec9ons  for    the  same  session            

Unstable  outcome  

Stable  outcome   Evolves  

Affects  Ini9al  state  

Func9onality  

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Tussle Analysis Meta-method

Step  1:  Iden%fy  all  primary  stakeholder  roles  and  their  characteris%cs  for  the  func%onality  under  inves%ga%on        

Step  3:  For  each  tussle  assess  the  impact  to  each  stakeholder  and  poten%al  spillovers    

Func9onality  I   Func9onality  II  

Step  2:  Iden%fy  tussles  among  iden%fied  stakeholders  

spillover    new  itera9on  

tussle    tussle    tussle     tussle    

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Methods Overview Step  1:  Stakeholder  Iden%fica%on  

Step  2:  Tussle  Iden%fica%on  

Step  3:  Tussle  Impact  and  Tussle  Evolu%on  

Interviews   Highly  relevant   Relevant   Relevant  

Personal  observa%on  

Highly  relevant   Highly  relevant   Less  relevant  

Role-­‐playing  simula%on  

Relevant   Highly  relevant   Highly  relevant  

MACTOR  method   Prerequisite   Highly  relevant   Relevant  

SWOT  analysis   Prerequisite   Relevant   Relevant  

Game  theory   Prerequisite   Prerequisite   Highly  relevant  

Risk  management   Prerequisite   Highly  relevant   Highly  relevant  

System  dynamics   Prerequisite   Prerequisite   Highly  relevant  

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Application Case (1)

• Focus Group •  During SESERV workshop in early 2012 •  Case of technology developed by SAIL project

• Role-play simulation •  Introduction into focus group format (moderator) •  Technology presentation (project representative) •  Stakeholder role assignment (10-15 participants) •  Moderated tussle identification •  Moderated tussle evolution •  Transcription and analysis

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Application Case (2)

CP  

Tussle  outcome  

Stakeh

olde

rs’    

strategies/policies  

Edge-­‐ISP  

CP  iden9fies  the  degraded  QoS  and  decides  to  announce  IOs  to  other  Name  Resolu9on  Servers,  only  

?  

What  if  the  Edge-­‐ISP  and  CP  nego9ate  about  update  frequency?  

Edge-­‐ISP  delivers  CP’s  content  over  his  localized  CDN  

Func9onality:  AAA  (Security)  

Edge-­‐ISP  is  reluctant  to  update    frequently  the  local  caches  to  avoid      increase  of  interconnec9on  costs  

?  

Edge-­‐ISP  inter-­‐connec9on  costs  increase  and  loss  of  revenues  out  of  

the  content  delivery  

CP  sees  degraded  QoS  and  also  may  lose  revenues  (due  to  loss  of  customers)  

?   ?  

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Outcome  for  assessed  Future  Network  technology:  

An  important  interface  was  missing  in  the  technology  

design!  

15

Summary and Conclusions

•  Engineers need to... •  Be aware of socio-economic aspects of technology •  Consider socio-economics in technology design

•  For the goal of... •  Long-term success by incentive compatibility •  Assessment of adoption potential •  Sustainable competition environment

• Recommendation Y.FNsocioeconomic •  Methods to achieve socio-economic goals, objectives •  Tussle analysis (meta-method) •  Several methods to implement tussle analysis

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Questions? Thank you for your attention!