Kampala, Uganda, 2 April 2012
Socio-Economic Aware Design of Future Network Technology
(Y.FNsocioeconomic)
Martin Waldburger, University of Zurich,
Editor of Y.FNsocioeconomic in Q21/13, [email protected]
ITU Workshop on “Developments regarding telecommunication network architectures
and services”
(Kampala, Uganda, 2 April 2012)
2
Outline
• SESERV Goal • Socio-economic Awareness
• Design Goals and Objectives in Y.3001 • Scope of Y.FNsocioeconomic • Proposed Structure
• Tussle Evolution: Bandwidth Sharing • Tussle Analysis Meta-method • Methods Overview • Application Case
• Summary and Conclusions • Q&A
3
SESERV Goal
• Based on the fact that ICT contributes to social inclusion, economic development, sustainability:
• SESERV shall bridge the gap between • Especially socio-economic (SE) priorities and • Research objectives of European ICT projects in FP7
• SESERV does offer a service that provides • An open access to SE and networking experts • Investigation methodologies for relationships
between Future Internet technology, society, and the economy
• Knowledge and findings through research reports, workshops, and various research support on SE upon request
FISE Community
Tussle Analysis
Event Organization
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Socio-economic Awareness (1)
Technology layer
Socio-economic layer
ISPs End-users ASPs Regulators
Socio-economic layer is governed by laws of socio-economics, while technology layer by laws of physics
Routers Links Switches
Network protocols
Network applications
Firewalls Middleboxes
3G towers
Out-of-network socio-economic interactions
Stakeholders with varying socio-economic interests
Technology choices (including investments, configurations)
Technology outputs (connectivity, QoS, mobility, security, etc.)
Technology components
…
Servers
5
Socio-economic Awareness (2)
Stakeholders strategies/ policies with respect to a specific technology (functionality)
Adopt technology
Dimension resources
Configure technology
Use technology
ISP
Longer
Shorter
Ada
ptat
ion
times
cale
The combination of actor strategies lead to a tussle outcome, characterized by stakeholders benefits.
Internet Socio- Economic layer
tussle outcome
Feed
back
At each stage conflicts of interest (incentives) may arise at the socio-economic layer.
6
Socio-economic Awareness (3)
• Traditional engineering goals (technology design) • Effectiveness • Efficiency • Modularity • Security
• Technology will reach multiple stakeholders • Different interpretations of goals • Different incentives • Different choices
• Understanding socio-economic aspects • Complete view on ecosystem • Assess technology adoption and long-term success
Stakeholders engage in tussles
7
Design Goals and Objectives in Y.3001
• „Future Networks: Objectives and Design Goals“ • Objectives
• Service awareness • Data awareness • Environmental awareness • Social and economic awareness
• Design goals • Service diversity • Functional flexibility • Virtualization of resources • Data access • Energy consumption • Service universalization • Economic incentives • Network management • Mobility • Optimization • Identification • Reliability
... to reduce barriers to entry for the various actors involved in the network ecosystem.
... to reduce life cycle costs in order for them to be deployable and sustainable.
... allow appropriate compe88on and an appropriate return for all actors
FNs are recommended to be designed to provide a sustainable compe88on environment for solving tussles
among the range of par8cipants in the ICT/telecommunictaion ecosystem
Ra8onale: Many technologies have failed to be deployed, flourish, or be sustainable because of inadequate or inappropriate decisions of the
architect, ...
Sufficient aHen8on therefore needs to be paid to economic and social aspects such as economic incen8ves in designing and implemen8ng the
requirements, architecture, and protocol of FNs in order to provide a sustainable compe88on environment to the
various par8cipants
8
Scope of Y.FNsocioeconomic
• Y.3001 lists... • Candidate technologies • But no methods to achieve goals and objectives
• „Socio-Economic Aware Design of Future Network Technology“ This Recommenda8on lists methods to achieve socio-‐economic design goals and objec8ves for Future Networks (FNs). When a candidate FN technology is provided, the methods listed provide a structured approach • to an8cipate at technology design 8me the socio-‐economic impact of the
technology taking into account the relevant set of stakeholders, tussles emerging among them, and the range of available choices,
• to an8cipate either a stable and incen8ves-‐compa8ble or an unstable outcome resul8ng from deploying the technology,
• to iden8fy poten8al spillover (unwanted) effects from the technology’s primary func8onality to another func8onality,
• and to help design technology for Future Networks that is in-‐line with the respec8ve socio-‐economic design goals and objec8ves.
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Proposed Structure • Summary • Scope • References • Definitions • Abbreviations and acronyms • Conventions • Introduction • Socio-economic Aware Deployment of Future Network
Technology • Design for Tussle • Technology Deployment Cycle • Tussle Evolution
• Tussle Analysis • Stakeholder Identification Methods • Tussle Identification Methods • Tussle Impact and Tussle Evolution Methods • Appendix: Methods Overview
Tussle concept
Meta-method
Methods to implement steps of tussle analysis
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Tussle Evolution: Bandwidth Sharing
Func%onality: bandwidth sharing
ISPs thro2le bandwidth of p2p applica9ons by using DPI technology.
p2p applica9ons configured to perform traffic obfusca9on
What if ISPs deploy conges9on exposure technologies & conges9on pricing schemes?
Func%onality: VoIP service delivery
Regulator announces fines due to VoIP providers’ complaints
p2p users get dispropor9onate bandwidth share
p2p users configure applica9ons to open mul9ple TCP connec9ons for the same session
?
ISPs use DPI technology to degrade quality of rival VoIP services
?
no discrimina9on
peer-‐to-‐peer (p2p) users
interac9ve users
interac9ve users get
dispropor9onate bandwidth share
ISPs
ASPs
Regulator
ISP (neutral en9ty)
fair bandwidth sharing
Tussle outcome
Stakeh
olde
rs’
strategies/policies
Stakeh
olde
rs’
strategies/policies
Tussle outcome
p2p applica9ons mo9vate mul9ple TCP connec9ons for the same session
Unstable outcome
Stable outcome Evolves
Affects Ini9al state
Func9onality
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Tussle Analysis Meta-method
Step 1: Iden%fy all primary stakeholder roles and their characteris%cs for the func%onality under inves%ga%on
Step 3: For each tussle assess the impact to each stakeholder and poten%al spillovers
Func9onality I Func9onality II
Step 2: Iden%fy tussles among iden%fied stakeholders
spillover new itera9on
tussle tussle tussle tussle
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Methods Overview Step 1: Stakeholder Iden%fica%on
Step 2: Tussle Iden%fica%on
Step 3: Tussle Impact and Tussle Evolu%on
Interviews Highly relevant Relevant Relevant
Personal observa%on
Highly relevant Highly relevant Less relevant
Role-‐playing simula%on
Relevant Highly relevant Highly relevant
MACTOR method Prerequisite Highly relevant Relevant
SWOT analysis Prerequisite Relevant Relevant
Game theory Prerequisite Prerequisite Highly relevant
Risk management Prerequisite Highly relevant Highly relevant
System dynamics Prerequisite Prerequisite Highly relevant
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Application Case (1)
• Focus Group • During SESERV workshop in early 2012 • Case of technology developed by SAIL project
• Role-play simulation • Introduction into focus group format (moderator) • Technology presentation (project representative) • Stakeholder role assignment (10-15 participants) • Moderated tussle identification • Moderated tussle evolution • Transcription and analysis
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Application Case (2)
CP
Tussle outcome
Stakeh
olde
rs’
strategies/policies
Edge-‐ISP
CP iden9fies the degraded QoS and decides to announce IOs to other Name Resolu9on Servers, only
?
What if the Edge-‐ISP and CP nego9ate about update frequency?
Edge-‐ISP delivers CP’s content over his localized CDN
Func9onality: AAA (Security)
Edge-‐ISP is reluctant to update frequently the local caches to avoid increase of interconnec9on costs
?
Edge-‐ISP inter-‐connec9on costs increase and loss of revenues out of
the content delivery
CP sees degraded QoS and also may lose revenues (due to loss of customers)
? ?
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Outcome for assessed Future Network technology:
An important interface was missing in the technology
design!
15
Summary and Conclusions
• Engineers need to... • Be aware of socio-economic aspects of technology • Consider socio-economics in technology design
• For the goal of... • Long-term success by incentive compatibility • Assessment of adoption potential • Sustainable competition environment
• Recommendation Y.FNsocioeconomic • Methods to achieve socio-economic goals, objectives • Tussle analysis (meta-method) • Several methods to implement tussle analysis
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Questions? Thank you for your attention!