social web and semantic web: towards synergy between folksonomies and ontologies
DESCRIPTION
Web social et web sémantique : tagging et ontologies.L’essor du tagging et des folksonomies pour l’organisation des ressources partagées au sein du Web social et collaboratif constitue une opportunité pour l’acquisition des connaissances par ceux-là même qui les manipulent. Cependant l’absence de liens sémantiques entre les tags, ou la variabilité d’écriture de certains tags appauvrissent les potentiels de navigation et de recherche d’information. Pour remédier à ces limitations, nous proposons d’exploiter l’interaction entre les utilisateurs et les systèmes à base de folksonomies pour valider ou invalider des traitements automatiques effectués sur les tags. Ces opérations se basent sur notre modèle pour l’assistance à la structuration des folksonomies qui autorise des vues conflictuelles portant sur les liens entre les tags, tout en permettant aux concepteurs des systèmes d’exploiter la diversité de ces descriptions sémantiques afin d’offrir des fonctionnalités de navigation enrichies.TRANSCRIPT
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Web social et web sémantique :
Vers une symbiose entre
tagging et ontologies.
LIRMM – Séminaire Invité - 27 novembre 2009
Freddy Limpens, Edelweiss, INRIA Sophia-Antipolis
Edelweiss
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www-sop.inria.fr/edelweiss
→ Extraction & gestion de connaissances partagées
sur le Web
→ Graphes conceptuels, ontologies
(Web Sémantique)
→ Focus sur les communautés (Web 2.0)
→ Approche ergonomique
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isicil.inria.fr - ANR
→ Réseaux sociaux en entreprise
→ Outiller la « veille » scientifique & technologique
→ Communautés de pratiques, d’intérêts, d’experts
→ « Fusion » Web social / Web Sémantique
→ partenaires: Orange Labs & Ademe
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Au menu…
→ Folksonomies & ontologies
→ Couplage folksonomies / ontologies
→ Approche collaborative & assistée
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1. folksonomies & ontologies
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Web 2.0 ↔↔↔↔Web social
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« Social Tagging » = catégorisation libre
cc - flickr.com/photos/pulguita/2868952310/
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« Social Tagging » = catégorisation libre
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...et partagée
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Du « social tagging » ...
(Markines et al, 2009)
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...à la folksonomie
www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977
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limites des folksonomies
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Variation d'écriture des tags:
newyork = new_york
ademe = ADEME
musique = music
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Ambiguité des tags:
RDF =? Ressource Description Framework
RDF =? Rwanda Defense Force
RDF =? Reality Distortion Field
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Manque de
liens sémantiques
entre les tags:
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Une ontologie = une vue sur le monde
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Ontologies: de la représentation à la formalisation
www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977
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www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977
Ontologies: de la représentation à la formalisation
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www.slideshare.net/fabien_gandon/web-smantique-et-web-social-1700977
Ontologies: de la représentation à la formalisation
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Limites des ontologies:
→ coût d 'acquisition
→ intégrer toute l'expertise de la communauté
→ goulet d'étranglement à la formalisation
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2. Couplages
ontologies - folksonomies
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Semantically Interlinked Online Communities
FOAF = Friend Of A Friend
Simple Knowledge Organization System
+
+
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Connecter via le partage de connaissances
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SCOT + TagOntology
Lier :
→→→→ personnes
→→→→ tags
→→→→ resources
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MOAT = Meaning Of A Tag
lever l’ambiguité des tags
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= les tags comme concepts
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Comment articuler les modèles de tagging ?
Scot:Tag
Moat:Tag
CommonTag:Tag
Nepomuk:Tag
etc…
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NiceTag Ontology (Limpens et al, 2009)
les tags comme graphes nommés
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Pas de contraintes
sur le modèle
de tag
NiceTag Ontology (Limpens et al, 2009)
les tags comme graphes nommés
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Modélisation de l’usage des tags
NiceTag Ontology (Limpens et al, 2009)
les tags comme graphes nommés
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3. Enrichissement sémantique
des folksonomies :
approche collaborative et assistée
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Exploiter :
→ dynamique et simplicité du social tagging
→ ergonomie « sociale et sémantique » des outils
→ traitements automatiques sur les tags
→ expertises des utilisateurs
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car pollutionskos:related
Modèle collaboratif
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car pollutionskos:related
John
agrees
Modèle collaboratif
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car pollutionskos:related
John
agrees
Paul
disagrees
Modèle collaboratif
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Supporter divergences
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Traitements automatiques sur les tags
Détecter
Tags « related »
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→ Calcul de la similarité entre tags (Mika, 2005; Cattuto et al., 2008)
→ Différents contextes d’associations
� ressources
� utilisateurs
� taggings
Détection des tags « related »
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tag1 tag2 tag3
tag1 freq cooc cooc
tag2 cooc freq cooc
tag3 cooc cooc freq
tagstags
Détection des tags « related »
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Tag "Most related" tags
environnement développement_durable, énergie
environment france, green, ecology, sustainable, energy
déchets administration, EEDD, renouvelable
développementdurable ecologie , EEDD, france, climat ,imported
(données delicious.com)
Détection des tags « related »
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Exploiter l’expertise des utilisateurs
Interface d’édition
(SRTags Editor)
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Intégrer fonctionnalités sémantiques
dans les tâches de navigation
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Intégrer fonctionnalités sémantiques
dans les tâches de navigation
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Cas d’application 1 : enrichissement d’une vue
consensuelle
= is broader than
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Cas d’application 1 : enrichissement d’une vue
consensuelle
SELECT * WHERE{
GRAPH ?statement {?tag1 skos:semanticRelation
?tag2}?tag1 rdfs:label ?l1FILTER (?l1 = ‘pollution’@en)?statement srtag:approvedBy
?userApprov?statement srtag:rejectedBy
?userReject}
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→ Une majorité s’accordent sur un lien entre "pollution" et "co2"
→ Pas d’unanimité sur un lien entre "pollution" et "car"
Cas d’application 1 : enrichissement d’une vue
consensuelle
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= is broader than
Cas d’application 1 : enrichissement d’une vue
consensuelle
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→ Pour John, "car" et "pollution" sont associés, mais pas pour Paul
→ Création de 2 concepts : « polluting cars » et
« eco-friendly car »
→ Inférences de 2 communautés d’intérêts
→ etc.
Cas d’application 2 : détection de communautés
d’intérêt
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4. Conclusion
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Vers une synergie ontologies - folksonomies
→ Ontologies pour représenter les folksonomies
(NiceTag, SCOT, etc.)
→ Folksonomies pour construire des ontologies
(modèle SRTags)
→ Tagging sémantique : structuration des tags(Extension FF, server de tag sémantique)
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Travaux en cours et futurs
→ Amorçage : intégration ressources terminologiques (docs, ontologies, thesaurus, etc.)
→ Services "sémantiques« pour l’exploitation des
données de tagging et de structuration sémantiques
→ ISICIL : Evaluation & Tests Ademe & Orange Labs