social assessment for the jakarta oba project

FORKAMI Forum Komunikasi Pengelolaan Kualitas Air Minum Indonesia Indonesian Communication Forum for Water Quality Management

Survey Report Social Assessment for the Jakarta Output-Based Aid Project A Household Survey to Assess Community Status, Service Preferences, and Willingness to Connect in Relation with Pro-Poor Water Supply Options in Jakarta

By the FORKAMI Survey Team

Manfred Oepen

August Restiawan

Trimeirani Wuryandari

July 2006

OBA Survey 2006

Table of Contents Table of Contents i Abbreviations iii Preface Iv I Overview and Summary 1.1 Terms of Reference 1 1.2 Introduction 1 1.3 Key Highlights 4 Respondent Data 4 Existing Water Sources, Uses and Expenditure 6 Willingness to Connect 8 Socio-Economic Profile 10 1.4 Focus Group Discussion Results 11 1.5 Muara Baru Household Survey Results 11

II Working Methodology 2.1 Survey Objective 13 2.2 Survey Methodology 14 2.3 Population and Sample Size Determination 16 2.4 Screening Process 16 2.5 Challenges 18

III Data Analysis 3.1 Respondent, Household Dwelling and Sanitation Characteristics 23 Status and Gender of Respondents within Household 23 Average Number of People in a Household, Type of Dwelling

and Status of the House 24

Type and Distance of the Water Sources to the Septic Tank 25 3.2 Water Sources, Water Uses and Water Expenditure 26 Water Sources 26 Water Quality 27 Water Usage and Water Expenditure 30 3.3 Willingness to Connect and Willingness to Pay 32 Willingness to Connect 32 Willingness to Pay for the Connection 33 Willingness to Pay for the Monthly Bill 34 Water Usage if Connected 35 3.4 Household Socio-Economic Profile 36 Legal Status 36 Household Income 37 Household Expenditure Pattern 38

3.5 Renter Issue 39 IV Results from Focus Group Discussions in Kelurahan

Kalideres and Master Meter Scheme in Muara Baru 41

4.1 Focus Group Discussion in Kelurahan Kalideres 41 4.2 Master Meter Scheme in Muara Baru 43

FORKAMI i

OBA Survey 2006

Annex

1 TPJ and Palyja Long List of Potential Survey Locations

2 Main Household Questionnaire

3 Limited Household Questionnaire used in Muara Baru

4 Determining the Sample Size

5 Location Mapping

6 Existing Water Systems

7 BPS Poverty Data

8 BPS Poverty Definition

9 Non-valid Cluster Results

10 Relevant Literature

FORKAMI ii

OBA Survey 2006

Abbreviations BPS Central Statistics Bureau

BR Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body

CBO Community-based organization

FORKAMI Indonesian Communication Forum on Drinking Water Quality Management

HH Household

IDR Indonesian Rupiah

Jl. Street

KDB Land-Building Coefficient

Kecamatan District

Kelurahan Sub-district

LSM Non-governmental Organization

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

Palyja PAM Lyonnaise Jaya

PAM Water Utility

PDAM District Water Utility

Pemda Local Government

PERPAMSI Indonesian Association of Water Utilities

phh Potential households

pph People per household

PU Public Works

PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal

RT Neighborhood, lowest administrative unit of

RW Community, second lowest administrative unit

TPJ Thames PAM Jaya

Walikota Mayor

WB World Bank

WTC Willingness to connect

WTP Willingness to pay

FORKAMI iii

OBA Survey 2006

Preface The Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) retained Castalia to prepare an Output-Based Aid project for improved water access in Jakarta provided by two concessionaires, TPJ (Thames PAM Jaya) and PALYJA (PAM Lyonnaise Jaya). Castalia contracted FORKAMI to conduct this social survey to support the selection of the communities and help determine the required level of subsidy for the OBA project.

FORKAMI iv

OBA Survey 2006

I. Overview and Summary

1.1 Terms of Reference The Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) retained Castalia to prepare an Output-Based Aid project for improved water access in Jakarta provided by two concessionaires, TPJ (Thames PAM Jaya) and PALYJA (PAM Lyonnaise Jaya). Castalia contracted FORKAMI to conduct the social survey to support the selection of the communities and help determine the required level of subsidy for the OBA project. The primary scope of work for FORKAMI was to prepare and implement the social assessment survey through: Developing the survey questionnaires and planning the survey, Conducting the household survey and preparing a report on the survey

results, Conducting focus groups in the communities targeted for master meter

connections and preparing a report, and Providing local project management and coordination support. FORKAMI was responsible for developing and implementing the social assessment work, which included a survey or a focus group discussion in selected communities. The selection was decided by means of a screening process comprising technical feasibility criteria agreed by the concessionaires, the Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body, Pam Jaya, and Castalia, and the political criteria set by the local government of DKI Jakarta. The household survey was conducted in communities where the concessionaires proposed to offer a piped household connection. Focus group discussions were supposed to be conducted in communities where the concessionaires will offer a connection using a master meter approach. When this turned out to be unsuitable, a limited survey was designed for one particular slum area. 1.2 Introduction

The OBA survey was conducted in DKI Jakarta where TPJ supplies water in the east and by PALYJA supplies water in the west of the city (see Survey Locations in Map of DKI Jakarta overleaf). In the TPJ area, the survey was conducted in five communities (RW) in two Kelurahan (Kel.) located in two different Kecamatan (Kec.) with a total number of 2.859 potential households: Kel. Rorotan/Kec. Cilincing Kel. Kebon Pala/Kec. Makasar Community Potential households Community Potential households RW 06 775 RW 03 688 RW 07 679 RW 04 511 RW 09 206

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OBA Survey 2006

Map 1 Survey Locations in DKI Jakarta

The areas where the main household survey was conducted were:

TPJ 1 Kel. Rorotan/Kec. Cilincing

r ALYJA

areng

.

In addition, two more assessments in the PALYJA area were conducted:

8 a Focus Group Discussion was held in the community of Warung

9 n Muara Baru, Kel.

For more mapping details regarding the survey locations see Annex 5.

3

1

6

4

7

2

5

9 8

Source: Dinas Pemetaan DKI and OBA Survey 2006

2 Kel. Kebon Pala/Kec. MakasaP 3 Kel. Kepa Duri/Kec. Kebon Jeruk 4 Kel. Cengkareng Barat/Kec. Cengk 5 Kel. Kalideres /Kec. Kalideres 6 Kel. Tegal Alur/Kec. Kalideres 7 Kel. Pejagalan/Kec. Penjaringan

Gatung, Kel. Kalideres. However, the location was later found unsuitable for the master meter approach, a limited household survey was conducted iPenjaringan, a potential master meter location.

FORKAMI 2

OBA Survey 2006

In the PALYJA area, the survey was conducted in seven communities in six Kelurahan and four Kecamatan with a total number of 2,186 potential households: Kel. Kepa Duri/Kec. Kebon Jeruk Kel. Cengkareng Barat/Kec.

Cengkareng Community Potential households Community Potential households Jl. Nusa Indah Gang A + Gang E, RW 08

230 Jl. Benda 3 RW 01 + Jl. Daan Mogot Gang Madrasah RW 01

214

Jl. Rawa Bengkel RW 07

210

Kel. Kalideres/Kec. Kalideres Kel. Pegadungan/Kec. Kalideres Community Potential households Community Potential households Gompol Paya RW 10, Kampung Rawalele RW 10 + Kampung Buaran RW 06

214 Jalan Utan Jati RW11 281

Kel. Pejagalan/Kec. Penjaringan Kel. Tegal Alur/Kec. Kalideres Community Potential households Community Potential households Gang Kantong RW 15 150 Jalan Permata Jalan

Pelopor RW 11 + Jalan Menceng Raya RW 11

375

This constitutes a total number of 5,045 potential households. The target areas and communities originally proposed by TPJ and PALYJA (see Annex 1, in which the communities later selected for the survey are marked grey) were selected based on four criteria: 1-poverty orientation, 2-legal status, 3-technical feasibility for a direct pipe connection and 4-brackish water in the area. The target respondents from those areas were 1,888 respondents representing a total of 5,045 potential households (phh) for a direct pipe connection. The respondents were selected by means of Community Random Sampling and interviewed by means of a Prepared Questionnaire (see Annex 2). TPJ PALYJA Location Respondents phh Location Respondents phh Kel. Rorotan

394 1,454 Kel. Kepa Duri

118 230

Kel. Kebon Pala

497 1,405 Kel. Cengkareng Barat

363 705

Kel. Kalideres and Kel. Tegal Alur

419 841

Kel. Pejagalan

97 150

FORKAMI 3

OBA Survey 2006

In addition, a limited household survey (see Questionnaire in Annex 3) was conducted in an urban slum area, Muara Baru in Kel. Penjaringan, a potential master meter location. A Focus Group Discussion was held in Kel. Kalideres. However, the related community was later found unsuitable for the master meter approach because of the type of community. Details on both locations are incorporated in Chapter 4. 1.3 Key Highlights from Main Household Survey Respondent Data

Most of the respondents (58%) in the survey area (see Map 1, locations 1-7) live in a Single Family House. The average is 67% in the TPJ area and 58% in the PALYJA area. An average of 65% of the houses are Owned by the occupant, with 71% in the TPJ area and 60% in the PALYJA area.

Figure 1 Type of Dwelling

0%10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri CengkarengBarat

Kalideres Pejagalan

Single Family Housing Multi Family Housing Other

TPJ PALYJA

Source: OBA Survey 2006

79%

Figure 2 Status of Houses

21%

34%

61%

38%34%

28%

79%

65%

39%

59%65% 65%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%


Kalideres Pejagalan

Rent Own Share

TPJ PALYJA


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OBA Survey 2006

The average Number of People living in a household is 4.80, with 4.60 in

Figure 3 Number of People per Household

Excep in the PALYJA area, 60% of the houses in

Figure 4 Type of Septic Tank

ore than half of the people (59%) in the survey area have their Septic

f

r-

the TPJ area and 4.89 in the PALYJA area (see Figure 3).

4.43 4.78 4.87 4.68 4.625.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

pph 6

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri CengkarengBara

t for Kelurahan Pejagalan the survey area use Private Septic Tanks. People in Kelurahan Pejagalan mostly use River, Pond or Other for human waste disposal (see Figure 4).

MTank less than eight meters from water sources. Although the distance othe Septic Tank to Water Source in Kelurahan Pejagalan is more than eight meters, but since they are using River, Pond or Other for human waste disposal, the ground water is likely to be contaminated with wateborne diseases (see Figure 5).

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

RorotanKebon Pala

Kepa DuriCengkareng

KalideresPejagalan

Private Septic Tank Share Septic Tank River or PondSource: OBA Survey 2006

TPJ PALYJA

tKalideres Pejagalan

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 5

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 5 Distance between Water Source and Septic Tank

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

RorotanKebon Pala

Kepa DuriCengkareng

KalideresPejagalan

Less Than 8 meter More Than 8 meter

TPJ PALYJA


Existing Water Sources, Uses and Expenditure Forty two percent of respondents use Water Pump, Jet Pump, Hand Pump and Bore Well as water sources. Water Resellers and water obtained from Neighbors (39%) is other major source of water supply.

Figure 6 Existing Source of Water

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres PejagalanWater Tank/Public Hydrant/Commercial Hydrant/Public Bath

Water Pump, Jet Pump and Hand Pump

Water Reseller & Neighbor (buy & free)

Lake, River or other Natural Water Body

Water Gallon

TPJ PALYJA


The average water usage from all sources is 24.16m3 a month in the survey area: 25.85m3 in the TPJ and 23.23m3 in the PALYJA area (see Figure 7).

Figure 7 Existing Water Usage

28%23% 26%

22%24%

21%

0.00 5.00

10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

m330.00

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres Pejagalan

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 6

OBA Survey 2006

It should be noted that the figures on monthly water expenditures below

he

00

Figure 8 Existing Monthly Water Expenditure

The higher costs in the PALYJA area are due to the main source of water:

Figure 9 Existing Water Expenditure per Cubic Meter

The ex ting Water Quality of various available water sources was also of

e

are an estimate using pumping costs of IDR 1,200 per cubic meter and Cost from Water Resellers of IDR 2,000 to 2,500 per m3. The monthly water expenditures without pumping costs have been put in brackets. Taverage water expenditure per month from all water sources is IDR 52,800 (IDR 37,275) in the survey area with an average of IDR 43,3(IDR 37,774) in the TPJ area and IDR 57,550 (IDR 37,025) in the PALYJAarea. This amounts to IDR 4,530 (IDR 3,585) per m3 on the average. The average on the TPJ area is IDR 3,360 (IDR 2,398) per m3 compared to IDR 5,110 (IDR 4,178) per m3 in the PALYJA area.

40,07246,529

63,34154,956

67,768

44,132

0 20,000 40,000 60,000

IDR. 80,000


TPJ PALYJA


water resellers using water carts and jerry cans. The existing average water expenditures from all water sources per cubic meter are shown inFigure 9.

2,9543,770

4,720

5,9485,340

4,457

0 2,000 4,000 6,000

IDR. 8,000


TPJ PALYJA


isassessed. The water quality from Pumps is significantly worse than thatother water sources, including Lake, River or other Natural Water Body. Thirteen percent of respondents rated the pump water to have odor or smell, 25% to have taste (e.g. salty or brackish water) and 14% to havcolor (e.g. muddy color). The major findings are summarized in Table 1 below.

FORKAMI 7

OBA Survey 2006

Table 1 Water Quality

A ea Average TPJ Area Average PALYJA Area

verage All the Survey Ar

0dor Taste Color Odor Taste Color Odor Taste Color

Water Tank/Public drant/Commercial

Hydrant/Public Bath 0.50% 0.28% 0.63% 0.23% 0.00% 0.23% 0.64% 0.42% 0.83% Hy

Water Pump, Jet Pump 12.56% 25.46% 14.31% 11.68% 20.44% 15.58% 13.00% 27.97% 13.67% Water Reseller and Neighbor 5.19% 3.78% 1.70% 7.99% 5.18% 1.90% 3.79% 3.09% 1.60%

Lake, River or other Natural Water Body 0.18% 0.40% 0.36% 0.25% 0.38% 0.38% 0.14% 0.41% 0.34%

Water Gallon 0.28% 1.26% 0.30% 0.84% 3.78% 0.89% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

So O rv 0

Willingness to Connect

Connect (WTC) for a direct pipe connection in e survey area is 62%, with an average of 68% in the TPJ area and 56%

The main o connect (see Figure 1) are: Cant afford to pay any water tariff (25%) and Water

oted

urce: BA Su ey 20 6

The average Willingness tothin the PALYJA area. Except for Kelurahan Kepa Duri in the PALYJA area (44%), the WTC in all other Kelurahan exceeds 53% (see Figure 10).

Figure 10 Willingness to Connect

reasons respondents stated for not willing

83%

56%44%

59%53%

71%

17%

44%56%

41%47%

29%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Kalideres Cengkareng Pejagalan

Willing To Connect Not Willing to Connect

t 1

from alternative source(s) is more convenient (23%). It should be nthat a deep well is operating in Kebon Pala I in the TPJ area, managed bya Community Based Organization with a license from The Mining Department of DKI Jakarta. This well may have limited the WTC (56%) in that area.

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 8

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 11 Reasons Not to be Connected

22% 29% 20% 25% 25%17%

33%

16% 29%

23%19%

32%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres PejagalanLower cost of water from alternative source(s). Higher quality of water from alternative source(s)

Water from alternative source(s) is more convenient

Total Monthly Payment is too High (Would only be able to pay on a daily basis)

Cant afford to pay any water tariff

Other reason(s)

TPJ PALYJA


Respondents exhibited the following Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the one-time direct pipe connection and for the monthly water bill.

The overwhelming majority of respondents (74%) who stated they are willing to connect show a WTP for a connection charge of IDR 100,000 or less. Only 24% are WTP IDR 100,000 to IDR 250,000 (see Figure 12).

Figure 12 Willingness to Pay for Connection Charge

19%

33% 44%

14%

22%

12%

77% 62%

56%

83%77%

88%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

100%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres PejagalanUp to 500000 250000 to 500000100000 to 250000 less than 100000


TPJ PALYJA

In addition to the one-time connection charge, a majority of 53% of these respondents are Willing to Pay a monthly water bill of IDR 22,500 or less. At an average use of 25 m3, the average water tariff per cubic meter is IDR 900 to IDR 1,000. Interestingly, the Kepa Duri respondents show the highest WTP for a connection charge over IDR 100,000 (44%), and for a monthly water bill up to IDR 22,500 (40%) and up to IDR 30,000 (29%). The Willingness to Pay for the monthly water bill in all survey areas looks as shown in Figure 13.

FORKAMI 9

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 13 Willingness to Pay for Monthly Water Bill

27% 33%40%

21%

29%

16%

48% 45%

31%

64%

54%

74%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres Pejagalanup to 75000 up to 60000 up to 45000

up to 30000 up to 22500 less than 22500


TPJ PALYJA

Socio Economic Profile The average income in the survey area is IDR 1,368,500, with IDR 1,141,500 in the TPJ area and IDR 1,482,100 in the PALYJA area. The income ranges from IDR 638,000 in Rorotan to IDR 1,644,000 in Kebon Pala.

Figure 14 Monthly Household Income

638,071

1,644,869 1,601,6951,459,504 1,534,368

1,332,990

0200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000

1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000

IDR.1,800,000


TPJ PALYJA


The Central Statistics Bureau (BPS) defined the 2004 poverty line for a family of two adults and two children at IDR 890,000. Research on pro-poor water supply projects in Jakarta report a household income range of between IDR 750,000 and over IDR 3,000,000 (see Kooy et al 2006: 22). It is stated that it is not so much the level but the security of income, which co-determines poverty and a preference for supply supply (see Surjadi et al 1994; for more references and definitions see Chapter 2).

FORKAMI 10

OBA Survey 2006

Except for Kelurahan Rorotan where Food (58%) and Transportation (30%), range highest, Other Expenditures (43%) exceed the other categories, followed by Food (32%) and Transportation (16%).

Table 2 Main Expenditures

Income Expenditures

Food Clothing Electricity Transportation Other

Rorotan 638,071 57.52% 3.73% 9.63% 30.39% 0.00%

Kebon Pala 1,644,869 27.10% 1.78% 6.45% 15.85% 48.81%

Kepa Duri 1,601,695 25.71% 1.68% 4.71% 11.98% 55.91%

Cengkareng 1,459,504 26.06% 1.93% 5.37% 12.77% 53.87%

Kalideres 1,534,368 26.65% 1.75% 5.63% 13.15% 52.24%

Pejagalan 1,332,990 29.78% 1.83% 6.50% 13.11% 48.79%

Average 1,368,583 32.14% 2.12% 6.38% 16.21% 43.27%

1.4 Focus Group Discussion Results Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were supposed to be conducted in com-munities where the concessionaires will offer a connection using a master meter scheme. An FGD was held in Kel. Kalideres. The population of RW 06 Warung Gantung is eager to be connected to a master meter scheme. There are an estimated 512 potential households in this area. They are willing to organize a community-based organization to manage the scheme. However, this community was later found unsuitable for the master meter approach because of technical issues. Given the communitys high willingness to connect and to pay, it is recommended to consider providing direct pipe connection instead. Detailed results from the FGD process are incorporated in Chapter 4. 1.5 Muara Baru Household Survey Results As the master meter scheme turned out to be unsuitable for Kel. Kali-deres, the OBA stakeholders decided to conduct a social assessment survey in an urban slum area, RT 16 in Muara Baru, Kel. Penjaringan. There are an estimated 1,000 potential households in this area. Originally, a FGD approach was planned but ultimately considered inappropriate due to the socio-political situation in the area. Instead, a limited household survey (see Questionnaire in Annex 3) was conducted based on two service options offered by PALYJA: (1) a master meter or (2) individual meters located at the boundary of the house or a cluster meter. Most of the people in Muara Baru live in densely populated (4.83 pph) multi-family houses (58%), and use the Pluit Dam as a household toilet system (51%). The average income is about IDR 984,545 a month, 64% of which is spent on food alone.

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OBA Survey 2006

Currently, households pay IDR 4,000 to 20,000 per cubic meter to water resellers who buy the water from PALYJA at IDR 950 per cubic meter. Water resellers control public hydrants and organize water distribution using carts or water hoses at varying prices. The monthly water usage is 3,000 to 5,000 m3 for the whole RT 16 community. A households monthly average water usage is about 33.89 m3 and the average water expendi-ture is about IDR 21,278. During the dry season, most people use water obtained from water tanks, public and commercial hydrants, and public baths (50%). This number drops to 23% during the rainy season when alternative water sources are available. The situation is reversed in relation with water obtained from water and jet pumps, which are hardly used during the dry season, while 73% do so during the rainy season. This type of water as well as water obtained from lakes, rivers and rainwater reportedly is of low quality in terms of odor, taste and color. Out of 110 respondents, 87% are willing to participate in a Community Based Organization, and all of those are willing to pay for water supplied by PALYJA. All of those stated that a Community Based Organization will work in Muara Baru as related to bill payment and meter and pipe mana-gement. Flat Charges for their individual Water Bill are accepted by 24% while 76% prefer Individual Charges. Of the 96 WTC respondents, 24% are willing to pay more than IDR 100,000 and 76% are willing to pay less the IDR 100,000 for the Water Meter and Connection. At the same time, 27% are willing to pay less than IDR 750, 24% less than IDR 1,000 and 23% less than IDR 1,500 per day for a water bill.

FORKAMI 12

OBA Survey 2006 II. Working Methodology 2.1 Survey Objective The objectives of the OBA Survey are to ensure that service improvements reflect actual demand and the willingness to pay of beneficiaries and to identify the target communities for the proposed project. The community selection is based on tangible criteria that reflect the technical feasibility and social and political acceptance, which together provide some assurance as to the long-term viability of the services. To achieve this objective the consultants worked closely with: The concessionaires, TPJ and Palyja, and their community offices,

operational and technical staff, The OBA Steering Committee, coordinated by the Jakarta Water

Supply Regulatory Body (BR) and hosted by the local government of DKI Jakarta, including the public water utility, Pam Jaya, and

The Castalia staff. The identification of household demands and priorities for new or impro-ved services was based on two types of services presented by the con-cessionaires. The options offered in the context of the OBA Project include (a) direct pipe connections and, in the case of Palyja, (b) community-based master meters. Both systems constitute improvements to existing water supply systems (these are described in more detail in Annex 3). The potential for direct pipe connections in households willing to connect and willing to pay was assessed through a household survey. The master meter option was supposed to be investigated by means of focus group discussions (FGD) in selected communities. One FGD was conducted in Kel. Kalideres, West Jakarta but this community was later considered unsuitable for the master meter approach because of technical and social criteria. However, due to its high willingness to connect and to pay, the community is potentially suitable for direct pipe connections. Another FGD was planned in a poor community in Muara Baru, North Jakarta, but ultimately was cancelled because of concerns about the socio-political situation in this slum area. Instead, a limited household survey based on a modified questionnaire was conducted to assessment willingness to participate in the master meter scheme. Forkami prepared the following outputs:

Overall survey design and methodology Selection criteria approved by project stakeholders Household questionnaire approved by project stakeholders Household interviews based on a main questionnaire Focus group discussions (FGD) methodology FGD in one location Modified household questionnaire for Muara Baru slum area Household interviews based on modified questionnaire

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OBA Survey 2006

FORKAMI 14

Data analysis and cluster reports related to all locations Report on survey results and conclusions.

2.2 Survey Methodology The survey methodology was determined by the overall design of the survey and translated into the main household questionnaires design. The surveys design (see overleaf) describes: The sequence and linkages of survey parameters such as Respon-

dents Data, Existing Water Sources, Existing Water Usage, Existing Water Expenditure and the Socio-economic Profile, and

The limiting factors on households to be selected such as PAM Existing Customer, Middle Income and High Income, Poverty Orientation, Legal Status, or Limitations regarding areas issued for Private Entities, Green Belts or Low Building Land Coefficient. The building land coefficient determines the space of a building structure as related to the space of the land surrounding it. Areas with a low building land coefficient are reserved for low-density types of dwellings only. Hence, DKI Jakarta does not want any new public infrastructure constructed in such areas.

The questionnaire design covers, in the following order: 1. Respondent Data consisting of: Type of Dwelling Data, People per

Household, Status of the House, Type of Septic Tank and Distance between Septic Tank and Water Sources.

2. Existing Water Sources, Water Use and Water Expenditure Water Sources consisting of the number of respondent that use

Public Hydrants, Water Pumps, Indirect Connections, Collection of Rain Water, River of Natural Water Body, Gallon Water and Hand Pump.

Water Use (measured in m3/day and expenses per day). Calculations were made to obtain the water use per month.

Water Expenditure (obtained by multiplying water use per month with respective costs, calculated in m3 and on a monthly basis).

3. Willingness-to-Connect and Willingness-to-Pay

The Willingness of the respondent representing the population in the area to be connected with a direct pipe connection. This con-nection will allow water customers to obtain water with a water valve and pay the water according to their consumption.

The Willingness to Pay represents the affordability of the customer to pay for the water they consume.

4. Socio-Economic Profile

The socio-economic profile of the respondents represents their Legal Status (owning an Identity Card, Family Card and Building & Land Tax), Expenditure Pattern (expenditure for Food, for Clothing, for Transportation, and for Electricity) and Monthly Income.

OBA Survey 2006

FORKAMI 15

OBA Survey Design

Exclude: 1. The PAM Existing Customer 2. The Middle Income and High

Income - BPS Criteria (2100 Kcal /

27.900 daily Income) - World Bank Criteria

Respondent Data: 1. Type of Dwelling 2. Average People / house 3. Status of the House 4. Type and Distance of

Septic Tank to Water

Average Existing Water Expenditure in Rp / month or Rp / m3. WTC? in % and by region WTP? in % and by region Reason for not Consuming PAM Water

Info on Water Sources: PH, Pump, Well etc Info on Water Uses: 1. For Drinking & Cooking. 2. Washing Dishes&

Clothes 3. Bath 4. Household Cleaning etc

Screening Process: 1. Poverty Orientation 2. Legal Status 3. Technical Criteria 4. Brackish Water Criteria

Selected Communities

Limitation: 1. Area issued for Private

Entities. 2. Green Belt and Low KDB.

Socio-Economic Profile 1. ID Card / KTP 2. Family Card / KK 3. Land Tax / PBB 4. Expenditure

PH=Public Hydrant WTC=Willingness to Connect by Direct Pipe WTP=Willingness to Pay for Water Bill KDB=Koefisien Dasar Bangunan / Building Land

Coefficient

KTP=Kartu Tanda Penduduk / Identity Card KK=Kartu Keluarga / Family Card PBB=Pajak Bumi & Bangunan / Land & Building Tax DC=Direct House Connection MM=Master Meter

DKI Jakarta Long List by TPJ and PALYJA

OBA Survey 2006 2.3 Population and Sample Size Determination Secondary data for the population were obtained from long lists provided by the concessionaires (see Annex 1). The targeted communities are poor and partly in slum areas (see definition below). The concessionaires cross-checked the population data against those in the Evaluation of Slum Areas on RW Basis, 2004 conducted by the Central Statistics Bureau (BPS), DKI Jakarta (for definitions see Annex 7). The required sample size for a survey is determined by the extent of preci-sion and confidence desired. The higher the desired precision or the smaller the sampling error, the larger the sample size must be (see Annex 4). For the purpose of the OBA Survey a 95% level of confidence was used because it allows for an acceptable number of respondents and a tolerable variance. As such, a survey targeting a a population of 1,000 will have 278 respondents when 95% level of confidence is applied. 2.4 Screening Process The target areas and communities proposed by TPJ and Palyja were selected on the basis of four criteria:

1 - Poverty Orientation The OBA project is focused on poor people living in Jakarta. These poor people are living in a crowded areas with a high population density (up 250 households per hectare). Poor people usually obtain unsafe water that:

has a bad odor, taste and color, has potentially been contaminated with water borne diseases if the

water source was closer than eight meters to a septic tank, often contains metal substances (iron, sulfur etc.)

2 - Legal Status The poor as defined above can be categorized as living in a legal areas or illegal areas. There are various criteria the local government of DKI Jakarta uses to distinguish legal poor from illegal poor. Illegal areas are those that:

have been issued to private entities, are part of a Green Belt area, or area with a low Building - Land

Coefficient (Koefisien Dasar Bangunan, or KDB) 3 - Technical Feasibility for Direct Pipe Connection The systems offered by the concessionaires in the context of the OBA project are Direct Pipe Connection and Master Meter Scheme. Both systems con-stitute improvements to the existing water supply system.

FORKAMI 16

OBA Survey 2006

4 - Brackish Water In the northern part of DKI Jakarta and down to Central Jakarta, within a diameter radius of 20 km, the underground water is salty due to sea water intrusion. If the poor obtain ground water from water pumps, hand pumps or wells in the above mentioned areas, they are most likely to use brackish water. The screening process was implemented in three stages: 1 Technical feasibility. The long list of TPJ and Palyja served as a

starting point as the concessionaires guaranteed the technical feasibility for direct pipe connections, that is that water would be available with the intended pressure and continuity in the listed areas. Due to water shortages in Jakarta and related political problems, DKI was very cautious not to let other service areas suffer because of the OBA Project. The other technical criterion, brackish water, was also included at this stage.

2 Policy criteria. DKI was then supposed to apply the policy criteria (legal

status and poverty orientation) to those communities on the long list. During OBA Steering Committee meetings, it turned out that those two criteria were often mutually exclusive. Many communities considered very poor and mostly slum areas did not meet the legal status criteria. Also, the policy criteria were often mutually exclusive with technical feasibility. This has to do with the low water pressure in primarily poor areas in North, West and East Jakarta which tend to be located at the periphery of the secondary water supply system. It took moderation by the Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body (BR) and a lot of time to arrive at conclusions and compromises for both dilemmas. The pragmatic approach finally adopted for the OBA Survey was to cross-check during Stage 3 all long-listed TPJ and Palyja locations by means of BPS statistical data on poverty down to the community (RW) level. This was to verify that areas long-listed by TPJ or Palyja were indeed considered poor by the local and national government (for more references and definitions see end of this chapter, and BPS Jakarta 2004). Determining which communities met the policy criteria proved to be a difficult task.

3 Social assessment. The last stage was to conduct the social survey to

determine willingness to contact. However, much of the work on political limitation factors such as the above mentioned poverty check, the legal status or areas issued for private entities, green belts or low Building Land Coefficient had to be clarified by FORKAMI before the survey team could actually start what it was contracted for: the household survey and the community-based FGD. The survey was only conducted in those communities that were determined to be eligible based on the technical and policy criteria.

FORKAMI 17

OBA Survey 2006 Despite assistance from DKI, it took an average of six working days per survey location to confirm the policy criteria because different agencies were responsible for different aspects of urban, land use, infrastructure and other planning. This was achieved through a Mapping Approach. Under this approach, the FORKAMI team prepared maps that defined the areas that the survey could be undertaken. Details of this Mapping Approach for all survey locations are incorporated in Annex 5. From the basic maps that show boundaries of each Kelurahan, the DKI Spatial Planning Unit issued restrictions based on the following criteria: (1) Areas allocated for private entities for real estate, malls, factories etc. These areas will be developed within approximately five years time and are marked red on the maps. (2) Areas reserved for Green Belts (e.g. near toll roads, rail roads, rivers and canal banks) which are prohibited for settlements and marked green. (3) Areas that have a Land-Building Coefficient below 40% (i.e. 40m2 out of 100m2 can be developed) are marked yellow. Despite this careful mapping approach by the survey team, it turned out that in one survey and in one FGD location, both in Kec. Kalideres, the information provided by DKI and the concessionaires turned out to be incomplete and inaccurate. Therefore, data collected from those sub-samples could not be used but had to be re-done respectively (see 2.5, Chapter 4 and Annex 8). 2.5 Challenges Issue 1 Cluster 1, Kecamatan Kalideres The first cluster of the OBA Survey was conducted in Kel. Pegadungan, Kel. Kalideres and Kel. Tegal Alur in Kecamatan Kalideres Jakarta Barat (West Jakarta) of DKI Jakarta (see Map 1, Location 5). Kec. Kalideres consists of five Kelurahan. The survey was conducted in three areas that were on the Palyja long list (e.g., meet the criteria that water can be provided in that area with adequate water pressure), is a Poor or Slum area (according to BPS criteria) and has Brackish water). 242 households were interviewed in this area based on the main question-naire. However, after conducting the survey, the surveyors found that some of the communities in Cluster 1 did not meet DKI legal status criteria: Due to DKI Tata Kota (City Planning), land has been issued to private

entities, Due to DKI Tata Ruang (Spatial Planning), land has been reserved for

a Green Belt area, Due to DKI Tata Ruang (Spatial Planning), land has been reserved for

Open Space, Industrial, Office and Housing with KDB of 40%.

FORKAMI 18

OBA Survey 2006 Hence, the information provided by DKI and the concessionaires turned out to be incomplete and inaccurate. Therefore, data collected from this sub-sample (see Annex 8) could not be used and the surveys had to be re-done in a different area in the same Kecamatan. Issue 2 Focus Group Discussion, Kecamatan Kalideres The Focus Group Discussion was conducted in RW 06 of Kelurahan Kalideres Kecamatan Kalideres, known as the Warung Gantung area or community. This area was selected for a master meter scheme because it was recom-mended due to a successful Department of Public Works water project there (Air Bersih Subsidi Energi untuk Air Bersih - PPSAB SEAB). It was also considered a less extreme area, which could meet the DKI Jakarta request that the master meter program be conducted in an area that was not an extreme slum. The FGD are conducted in this location with regards of the above recommendation (see Chapter 4 for details). However, it turned out during the FGD that part of the area, due to DKI Tata Ruang (Spatial Planning), is reserved for Open Space, Industrial, Office and Housing with a KDB of 40%. Also, five of the RT in the area have been serviced by direct pipe connections and the other seven RT buy water from public hydrants, water vendors and water cart. Hence, the information provided by DKI and the concessionaires turned out to be incomplete and inaccurate. Therefore, the FGD results organized from this sub-sample will not be used for the master meter scheme because the area partly does not meet the technical criteria for this option offered by Palyja. There are an estimated 512 potential households in this area, of which about 100 participated actively and enthusiastically in the FGD. They are willing to organize a community-based organization to manage the scheme. Given the communitys high willingness to connect and to pay, it is recommended to consider providing direct pipe connection instead. Issue 3 Community Based Organization in Kelurahan Kebon Pala,

Kecamatan Makasar The survey encountered a Community Based Organization supplying Water obtained from a deep well (around 120m deep) in RW 03 Kelurahan Kebon Pala Kecamatan Makasar. The specifications are: Operating at two liters per second, Providing service to around 100 houses with a direct pipe connection

and using an individual water meter at every house serviced, The water tariff is IDR 1,000 a cubic meter, The investment cost is around IDR 4,000,000, The DKI Mining Department licensed the well.

FORKAMI 19

OBA Survey 2006 Due to these favorable characteristics of the deep well in the area, residents nearby were less likely to connect and pay for direct pipe connection provided by Palyja in this area, limiting the WTC to 56%. Again, the information provided by DKI was incomplete to a degree that it could significantly affect the results of a WTC/WTP survey. Issue 4 Inconsistent Data During data analysis, inconsistent data in 99 questionnaires analyzed were detected (see Table 3 and 4). The inconsistencies concerned excessive water consumption and excessive monthly water expenditures. Human error was ruled out because the 99 questionnaires under discussion were found across six survey locations. A possible explanation is informal sector economic activities at the household level that consume high volumes of water. For the purposes of the survey analysis, the results from these 99 questionnaires were excluded from data analysis. Table 3 and 4 show survey results with and without the inconsistent data in question.

Table 3 Water Consumption (in m3)

with inconsistent

data

without inconsistent

data Questionnaires excluded

because of inconsistent data Rorotan 30,01 28,27 22 Kebon Pala 24,06 23,43 14 Kepa Duri 27,06 26,32 3 Cengkareng 30,26 22,19 19 Kalideres 35,58 24,14 38 Pejagalan 20,56 19,57 3

Table 4 Monthly Water Expenditures (in IDR)

with inconsistent

data

without inconsistent

data Rorotan 61.098 40.072 Kebon Pala 53.564 46.529 Kepa Duri 79.322 63.341 Cengkareng 95.331 54.956 Kalideres 125.296 67.768 Pejagalan 109.514 42.774

FORKAMI 20

OBA Survey 2006 Issue 5 Poverty Orientation As described above, the policy criteria legal status and poverty orientation were often mutually exclusive. Many communities considered very poor and most slum areas did not meet the legal status criteria. Also, the policy criteria were often mutually exclusive with technical feasibility. This has to do with the low water pressure in primarily poor areas in North, West and East Jakarta which tend to be located at the periphery of the secondary water supply system. The pragmatic approach adopted for the OBA Survey was to cross-check long-listed TPJ and Palyja locations with statistical data on poverty down at the community (RW) level as far as thoses locations were included in the BPS data sets (see BPS Jakarta 2004). BPS here defines community poverty by means of 10 categories based on visual appraisal (see Annex 7, columns 5-14). The qualitative data are translated into quantitative data as percentage of each variable. Hence, the higher the aggregated score for a respective RW the poorer it will be. Four different classifications were used: Severe Slum: Total value less than average minus 1 deviation standard; the score will be less than 20 Medium Slum: Total value between average minus 1 deviation standard up to average plus 1 deviation standard; the score will be 21 - 28 Slight Slum: Total value more than average plus 1 standard deviation; the score will be 24 - 30 Very Slight Slum: The total value more than average plus 1 standard deviation; the score will be 30 35 As a result of the survey, the average income in the survey area amounts to IDR 1,368,500, with IDR 1,141,500 in the TPJ area and IDR 1,482,100 in the Palyja area. The Central Statistics Bureau (BPS) defined the 2004 poverty line for a family of two adults and two children at IDR 890,000. Because of the conflict between the poverty criteria and the spatial planning criteria, the average income in all but one of the areas is more than the BPS poverty line. Research on pro-poor water supply projects in Jakarta report a household income range of between IDR 750,000 and over IDR 3,000,000 (see Kooy et al 2006: 22). It is stated that it is not so much the level but the security of income, which co-determines poverty and a preference for supply supply. Households reliant on daily, fluctuating informal sector employment will have irregular incomes and, hence, prefer to avoid monthly, lump sum water charges. Instead, they prefer vended water even though it is more expensive and groundwater even though it may be unsafe to drink (see Kooy 2006: 22 and Surjadi et al 1994).

FORKAMI 21

OBA Survey 2006 Issue 6 Renters and Spouses During the pre-test and the (invalid) first cluster surveyed in Kecamatan Kalideres (see Issue 1), the survey team encountered the following issues: Renters (49% of the respondents) were reluctant to connect to the

direct pipe connection. The WTC for this cluster was 45%. Most of the respondents were the spouse of the head of the household

(69%). Most of the spouses are reluctant in terms of WTC because the decision for the connection should be made by the head of the household.

In relation with the renters issue, it was later decided to add three questions under 3.3 to 3.5 to the questionnaire (see Annex 2):

1 Monthly Water Bill included in the Rent Bill to the questions Does your

annual, monthly or daily rent include the water bill? If the answer was yes, an additional question was asked: If the rent includes the water bill, how much is the rent without the water bill?

2 Period of time Renter will rent the house to the question Will you rent this house for more than a year?

3 Cost of the rent to the question How much is your annual rent? More than IDR 5, 000, 000 a year?

In relation with the spouse issue, the questionnaire decision tree was later changed to the effect that if a household member approached for an inter-view was not the head of household, the interview was ended (see question 1.1 in Annex 2). For more data and information see also Chapter 3.5 Renters Issue.

FORKAMI 22

OBA Survey 2006

III. Data Analysis The OBA survey distributed 2.000 questionnaires with 1.888 valid responses. This section reports on the findings for each question. 3.1 Respondent, Household Dwelling and Sanitation

Characteristics

Status and Gender of Respondent within Household

The Number of Potential Households and Respondent Status and Gender in the surveyed area is presented in Table 5.

Table 5 Number of Potential Household, Respondent Status and Gender

Status Gender No Kelurahan Number of

Potential Households

Head of Household

Spouse Other Male Female

1 Rorotan 1454 137 250 7 142 252 2 Kebon Pala 1405 150 343 4 153 344 3 Kepa Duri 690 29 89 0 27 91 4 Cengkareng

Barat 1710 103 258 2 105 258

5 Kalideres 3112 120 299 0 117 302 6 Pejagalan 1109 24 73 0 23 74

Total 9480 563 1312 13 567 1321 Source: OBA Survey 2006

The pre-test had resulted in a low willingness to connect of 32%. The number of spouses who answered the pre-test questionnaire was 68%, equal to the 68% of respondents who were not willing to connect. The reasons for this high correlation were:

a. The spouse could not make the pipe connection decision. b. The spouse felt that a decision regarding the relatively high up-front

pipe connection cost should be made with the consent of the head of household.

c. The spouse gave an uncertain answer (e.g. I want to be connected if the connection cost is free).

To minimize the negative effects of spouses answers regarding the willingness to connect, the survey proceeded with a respondent only if the head of household was present. Most of the heads of the households were male and most spouses were female, as it is common for households in Jakarta.

FORKAMI 23

OBA Survey 2006

Average Number of People in a Household, Type of Dwelling and Status of the House

The Average Number of People in a Household is presented in Figure 15.

Figure 15 Number of People in a Household

4.43 4.78 4.87 4.68 4.62 5.4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6


Kalideres Pejagalan Source: OBA Survey 2006

TPJ PALYJA

The Type of Dwelling is presented in Figure 16 which shows that most of the people live in a Single Family House. Only in Kelurahan Kepa Duri, Kecama-tan Kebon Jeruk the Multi Family House exceeds the Single Family House.

Figure 16 Type of Dwelling

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%


Kalideres Pejagalan

Other Single Family Housing Multi Family Housing

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 24

OBA Survey 2006

An important determinant to the willingness to connect is whether a family owns or rents a house. Owners can apply for the connection, while renters usually cannot. The Status of the House is presented in Figure 17:

Figure 17 Status of the House

Houses are mohouses ex

Type and

The Type of

21% 34%

61%

38%34%

28%

79% 65%

39%

59%65% 65%

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

0% Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng

BaratKalideres Pejagalan

Rent Own Share

TPJ PALYJA


stly owned, except in Kelurahan Kepa Duri where rented ceeded owned houses.

Distance of the Water Sources to the Septic Tank

Household Toilet System is presented in Figure 18: Figure 18 Type of Household Toilet System

Pejagalan KalideresCengkarengKepa DuriKebon PalaRorotan

80% 70% 60% 50% 40%

47%

17%

31% 31%36%

30%

20%

28% 26%24%

25%

0% 8%7%

10%

66%62%

59%

TPJ Palyja

67%

47%


10%9%

Private Septic Tabk Share Septic Tank River or Pond

FORKAMI 25

OBA Survey 2006

Most of the people are using Private Septic Tank in the area surveyed. In Kelurahan PejagaToilet Syst The Distanin Figure 19:

Except Septic Tank r Pump, Hand unsafe to 3.2

The water or water sour han Kebon Pala re than 64.11%Bathing an he other major source of water is the water reseller which obtained wate

lan, River and Pond are used the most as a Household em.

ce between The Water Sources to The Toilet System is presented

Figure 19 Distance between Water Sources and Toilet

for Kelurahan Pejagalan, the distance between Water Sources and is less than eight meters. Should related households use Wate Pump or Bore Well as a water source, the water is considered

drink.

Water Sources, Water Uses and Water Expenditure

Water Sources

sources in the survey area are presented in Figure 20. The majce in the survey area is Water Pump and Jet Pump, with Kelura the highest number of Water Pump and Jet Pump used, for mo

of all water sources available. This water is usually used for d Washing Clothes.

T rfrom PAM Jayas Public Hydrant. The water reseller uses water cart to

55% 61%

57%60%

66%

45% 45% 39%

43%40%

34%

55%

10%

40% 50% 60% 70%

Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres Pejagalan0%

20% 30%

Less Than 8 meter More Than 8 meter

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 26

OBA Survey 2006

distribute the water to the household. The water is usually used for DrinkingCooking and Wash

, ing Dishes.

he next major source of water is the water gallon (purified gallon water) at r

rinking and Cooking only.

Figure 20 Water Sources

The water taste and colo The water in the survey Regarding report that resellers an r has odor.

Tsold around IDR 2,000 to IDR 3,000 a Gallon. This water is used foD

Water Quality

quality was surveyed in relation with three parameters: odor, r of the water used by the household in the survey area.

quality related to the odor of the water used by the household area is presented in Figure 21.

water pumps in Kelurahan Pejagalan 18% of the respondents the water has odor. Regarding water obtained from water d the neighbors 16% of the respondents report that the wate

0%Rorotan Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres Pejagalan

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Water Tank/Public Hydrant/Commercial Hydrant/Public Bath Water Pump, Jet Pump and Hand PumpWater Reseller & Neighbor (buy & free)Lake, River or other Natural body of WaterWater Gallon

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 27

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 21 Odor of Existing Water Sources

The water quality related to the taste of water used by the household in the survey area is presented in Figure 22. Regarding water pumps in Kelurahan Cengkareng Barat, 41% of the respondents report that the water has taste while the related percentage for pumps in Kelurahan Rorotan is 31% and 27% in Kelurahan Kalideres.

14%

10%

11% 11%12%

0%

7%

3%

0%

5%

0.00% 2.00%

4.00% 6.00% 8.00%

10.00%

12.00% 14.00% 16.00%


18%

16% 18.00% 20.00%

Water Tank/Public Hydrant/Commercial Hydrant/Public Bath

Water Pump, Jet Pump

Water Reseller and Neighbor

Lake, River or other Natural body of Water

Water Gallon

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 28

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 22 Taste of Existing Water Sources

31%

10%

22%

40%

27% 23%

10%

0%

5% 6%

1% 1%7%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%





Water Gallon

TPJ PALYJA


The water quality related to the color of water used by the household in the urvey area is presented in Figure 23. s

Regarding water pumps in Kelurahan Rorotan, 19% of the respondents report that the water has color while the related percentage for pumps in Kelurahan Pejagalan is 16% and 14% in Kelurahan Cengkareng Barat.

FORKAMI 29

OBA Survey 2006

F

diture

age ater usage between 20 m and 27 m .

The average water usage per household in the survey area is presented in Figure 24.

igure 23 Color of Existing Water Sources

19%

12%11%

14%13%

16%

4%

0%

4%

2%0% 0%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%



Water Usage and Water Expen

The average water usage in Kelurahan Rorotan at 48.77 m3 a month is the highest in the survey area while Kelurahan Pejagalan at 20.56 m3 has the lowest. Except for Kelurahan Rorotan, the other Kelurahan have an aver

3 3w



Water Gallon

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 30

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 24 Average Water Usage

The avera

ater expenditure of IDR 67,768 is highest in Kelurahan Kali-deres and lowest in Kelurahan Kebon Pala at IDR 40,072. These expenditures are based on the assumption of pumping cost of IDR 1,200 per cubic meter.1 The expenditure without pumping costs is presented in Figure 26.

ge water expenditure in the survey area is presented in Figure 25: Figure 25 Average Water Expenditure

28.27

23.43

26.32

22.1924.14

20.62

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00


TPJ PALYJA


The average

40,072 46,529

63,341

54,956

67,768

44,132

20,000

40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

30,000

0 10,000


TPJ PALYJA


w

1 For the respondents who obtained the water from the water pump using electricity, an assumption of IDR 1,200 a cubic meter is used. This figure is calculated from the hours used by the electricity water pump multiplied by IDR electricity by the hour divided by the cubic meter obtained.

FORKAMI 31

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 26 Average Water Expenditure Without Pumping Costs

he average water expenditure in Kelurahan Kebon Pala is almost the same

electrical water pumps.

3.3

The Willingn

T8 e

Twith and without the pumping cost because almost all households use

Willingness to Connect and Willingness to Pay

The Willingness to Connect

ess to Connect in the survey area is presented in Figure 27.

Figure 27 Willingness to Connect

he Willingness to Connect (WTC) of households in Kelurahan Rorotan is 3%. In K lurahan Pejagalan, the WTC is 71%, followed by Kelurahan

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000


With Pumping Cost Without Pumping Cost

TPJ PALYJA

OBA Survey 2006

IDR

83% 56%

44%

59% 53%

71%

17%

44%56%

41% 47% 29%

20% 40% 60% 80%

100%

0% Rorotan

Kebon PalaKepa Duri

KalideresCengkareng

Pejagalan

Willing To Connect Not Willing to Connect

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 32

OBA Survey 2006

Kalideres at 59%, and Kelurahan Kebon Pala at 56%. Kelurahan Cengkareng Barat and Kel f 44%.

Out of 721 respondents who were not Willing to Connect to the water supply system of

nnection

Most of the remeans of almost WTP in that 56% ha As for the has thKelurahan Pejagalan.

urahan Kepa Duri are at bottom of the list with a WTC o

PAM Jaya, the reasons for their decision are listed in Figure 28. Figure 28 Reason for Not Willing To Connect

22% 29%

20% 25% 25% 17%

33%

16%

29%

23% 19%

32%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%


Willingness to Pay for the Co

The Wi ness to Pay for the Connection for those households who are Willing to Connect is presented in Figure 29.

lling

spondents are Willing to Pay (WTP) for the Connection by a one-time, up-front connection fee of less than IDR 100,000. At

88%, Kelurahan Pejagalan, Kecamatan Penjaringan shows the highest is price range while Kelurahan Kepa Duri, Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk s the lowest WTP.

price range of IDR 100,000 to IDR 250,000, Kelurahan Kepa Duri e highest WTP at 44% while the lowest WTP of 12% can be found in

Lower cost of water from alternative source(s)

Higher quality of water from alternative source(s)

Water from alternative source(s) is more convenient

Total monthly payment is too high (Would only be able to pay on a daily basis)

Cant afford to pay any water tariff

Other reason(s)

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 33

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 29 Willingness to Pay for the Connection

For those the Monthly sumption, is p Most o n IDR 22,500 for the month ater bill. Kelurahan Pejagalan, Kecamatan Penjaringan at almost

ri, t 31%.

Willingness to Pay for the Monthly Bill

households that are Willing to Connect, the Willingness to Pay for Bill, which is based on the individual households water con-

resented in Figure 30.

f the households are Willing to Pay Less thaly w

74% shows the highest WTP in this price range while Kelurahan Kepa DuKecamatan Kebon Jeruk has the lowest WTP a For the price range of up to IDR 25,000, Kelurahan Kepa Duri has the highest WTP at 40% and Kelurahan Pejagalan the lowest at 16%.

19%

33%

44%

14%22%

12%

62%

88%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

70%


77% 83% 77% 80% 90%

56%60%

TPJ PALYJA 100%

Up to 500000 250000 to 500000

100000 to 250000 less than 100000Source: OBA Survey 2006

FORKAMI 34

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 30 Willingness to Pay for the Monthly Bill

27%33%

40%

21%

29%

16%

48%45%

31%

64%

54%

74%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%


Water Usage in Case of a Piped Connection

called zero consumption (less than 0m a month) among low-income customers that both concessionaires

s

such as from a water ump.

predict future water consumption for a range of potential usages. The survey has these data presented in Table 5.

The question about future plans on how to use the water from the piped connection is relevant in light of the so-

31reported. One explanation offered for zero consumption is that customeruse the water from the PAM water supply system for drinking and cooking, and for washing dishes only. For washing clothes, taking a bath and household cleaning, they use alternative water sourcesp The Water Usage if Connected question, hence, intended to

up to 75000 up to 60000 up to 45000 up to 30000 up to 22500 less than 22500

TPJ PALYJA


FORKAMI 35

OBA Survey 2006

Table 5 Water Usage in Case of a Piped Connection

TPJ

PALYJA

Water Usage Rorotan

Kebon Pala Kepa Duri Cengkareng Kalideres Pejagalan

Drinking/ Cooking 24.28% 20.97% 24.17% 20.79% 20.94% 21.25%Washing Dishes 16.48% 18.09% 18.01% 18.70% 17.96% 18.13%Washing Clothes 16.41% 17.00% 17.06% 18.15% 17.45% 18.13%

Bathing 17.89% 18.09% 19.43% 18.26% 17.28% 19.06%Household Cleaning 16.18% 16.70% 14.69% 15.84% 16.43% 16.88%Other Usage 8.76% 9.15% 6.64% 8.25% 9.96% 6.56%


e poor people will use the water for Drinking and Cooking if The second priority is for Personal Usages such as Bathing,

Most of thconnected.Washing Dishes, and for Washing Clothes and Household Cleaning. A

v sage such as the

ip of an Identity Card (KTP) or Family Card (KK) and the payment of

r lding and Land Tax (PBB) certificate to obtain a

connection. The Identity Card Ownership in the survey area is presented in Figure 31 which shows that more than 84% of the people possess legal identification.

relatiw

ely small amount of water will be used for Other Uatering of plants.

3.4 Household Socio-Economic Profile

Legal Status

The Legal Status of the respondents is determined by means of the ownershthe Building and Land Tax (PBB). Currently, PAM Jaya requires households to have an Identity Card (KTP) oFamily Card (KK) and a Bui

FORKAMI 36

OBA Survey 2006

Figure 31 Identity Card (KTP) Ownership

T nership of a ing a nd T B) Ce e in rveyarea is presented in Figure 32.

Figure 32 Building and Land Tax (PBB) Certificate

ore that 72% of the households have a Building & Land Tax Certificate. The

Household Income

igure 33.

Figure 33 Household Income per Month

91% 94%

75

80% 85

95%

Rorotan

Kebon Pala

Kepa Duri

Cengkareng

Kalideres

Pejagalan

86%89% 88%

85%

%

%

90%

TPJ PALYJA


he Ow Build nd La ax (PB rtificat the su

81% 73%51%

77% 73% 74%

40%

RorotanKebon Pala

Kepa DuriCengkareng

KalideresPejagalan

0% 20%

60%80%

100% TPJ PALYJA


Mrespondents in Kelurahan Pejagalan, at 51%, have the lowest percentage ofowning such a certificate.

The average monthly Household Income in the survey area is presented in F

FORKAMI 37

OBA Survey 2006

Kebon Pala has the highest average Household Income per month

638,071

1,644,869 1,601,695 1,459,504 1,534,368 1,332,990

0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000

1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000


TPJ PALYJA

Kelurahan at IDR 1,644 9 while Kelurahan Rorotan has the lowest one at

.000, the other Kelurahan have average Household Incomes of between IDR 1,300,000 and IDR 1,645,000. Often, the electricity bill is used as another yardstick for average Household Income. KeIDR 106,137 per moIDR 61,421. higher thanbetween IDR electricity billIncome in

Househol

The Expenin Table 6.

,86IDR 638,071. Except Kelurahan Rorotan where the average Household Income is lower than IDR 1.000

lurahan Kebon Pala has the highest average electricity bill at nth and Kelurahan Rorotan has the lowest one at

Except Kelurahan Kebon Pala where the average electricity bill is IDR 100.000, the other Kelurahans average electricity bill is

60,000 and IDR 87,000. Hence, the data concerning the s confirm the survey results regarding average Household

the survey area.

d Expenditure Pattern

diture Pattern of the respondents in the survey area is presented

Table 6 Household Expenditure Pattern

Food Clothing Electricity Transportation Other Rorotan 57.52% 3.73% 9.63% 30.39% 0 % Kebon 8% Pala 27.10% 1.7 6.45% 15.85% 48.81% Kepa Duri 25.71% 1.68% 4.71% 11.98% 55.91% Cengkareng 26.06% 1.93% 5.37% 12.77% 53.87% Kalideres 26.65% 1.75% 5.63% 13.15% 52.24% Pejagalan 29.78% 1.83% 6.50% 13.11% 48.79%


FORKAMI 38

OBA Survey 2006

Respondents about 30%or income Respondents Kalideres anabout 11%about 48%savings. Ot

3.5

As a result of the

ded

Those ater bill is included in their rental fee we the rent includes the water bill,

Out of the re e water bill, 1% paid up IDR 75,000, another 1% up to IDR 60,000, followed by 2% who paid up to IDR 45,000 and 4% who paid up to IDR 30,000. Another 4% paid up to IDR 22,500 nd 8 d

n d

T ren ous ore tha ? wered % o po It w med t on ting a h ss ar be to inve ipeconnection installed in a house they do not own. The survey results means that less than half of the respondents who ren sider an investment in a piped water connection.

in Kelurahan Rorotan use 58% of their income for food and for transportation. Apparently, these households have no savings available for other expenditures.

in Kelurahan Kebon Pala, Kepa Duri, Cengkareng Barat, d Pejagalan use about 25% to 30% of their income for food and

to 16% for transportation. Generally, these households have to 56% of their income available for other expenditure and for her expenditure include water expenditure.

Renter Issue

pre-test, the survey encountered the so-called Renter Issue: respondents renting a house are reluctant to have a direct pipe connection because the related decision has to be made by the owner (see Issue 6 in Chapter 2). To accommodate this issue in light of the OBA Projects concern for the oors access to safe drinking water, three additional questions were adp

to the questionnaire directed at respondents renting a house. The results aresummarized below.

1 - Monthly Water Bill Included in the Rent Bill

Out of the respondents in the survey area who rent a house (368 of 1,888respondents) 21% stated that their water bill is included in their yearly, monthly or daily rental fee they pay to the landlord.

respondents who stated that their we asked an additional question: If r

how much would you pay for the water bill per month if the latter was separated?

spondents who rent a house which includes th

a % pai less than IDR 22,500.

2 - Re tal Perio

he question Will you t this h e for m n 1 year was ansyes by 49 f the res ndents. as assu hat resp dents renouse for le than a ye will not willing st in a p d water

t a house are likely to con

FORKAMI 39

OBA Survey 2006

3 - Annual Rental Fee

The question Is your annual rent more than IDR 5,000,000 a year? was nswered yes by only 5% of the respondents. It was assumed that a lower

ater arental fee would leave the house owner reluctant to invest in a piped wconnection for his or her house. The survey result means that 95% of the house owners of respondents renting a house are unlikely to be willing to connect.

FORKAMI 40

OBA Survey 2006 IV. Results from Focus Group Discussions in

Kelurahan Kalideres and Master Meter Scheme in Muara Baru

4.1 Focus Group Discussion in Kelurahan Kalideres The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a group discussion with a certain number of participants guided by a facilitator in which the participant can freely and spontaneously give opinion about a certain topic. The FGD is a qualitative method. The purpose is to obtain overall information about a concept, perception and innovation from a group. The FGD is conducted by means of plenary and small working groups sessions based on brainstorming techniques among the participants about a certain topic. The discussion is guided by a moderator. The methodology for the FGD is based on the Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) which was developed as a contrast of the conventional top-down approach. PRA answers local problem that tend to be insignificant to top-down planning. The FGD in relation with the OBA project tried to identify, analyze and solve water supply problems of the urban poor in Jakarta.

The FGD was conducted in Kelurahan Kalideres, Kecamatan Kalideres, RW 06, known as Warung Gantung area and considered a Light Slum (Kumuh Sangat Ringan) by DKI Jakarta (see BPS 2004). This area was considered a compromise to pilot the master meter approach in light of DKIs request that the area selected was not an extreme slum. There are 512 households in the area represented by 100 participants in the FGD where they were divided in five groups of 20-25 people each. The topics discussed in each groups were:

1. What are the day-to-day water sources? 2. How is the quality of the water (odor, taste and smell)? 3. Where do we expel the wastewater? 4. What type of septic tank do you use and how far is the septic tank

from water sources? 5. How much is the monthly expenditure to obtain safe water? 6. How many m3 of water do you use in a day or in a month? 7. How about water usage?

In groups, the FGD participants collected quantitative data and made maps related to (1) location of households, (2) existing water sources, (3) public facilities (mosques, schools, drainages, solid waste disposal sites etc.).

FORKAMI 41

OBA Survey 2006 As a result of the data collection and the working group discussions, the information shared below was derived. Social Composition The occupation of the participants is as follows:

Participants in the FGD

Private Sector 11%

Employees 30%

Traders 9%Housewifes 6%Teachers 3%

Workers 25%

Jobless 16%

Water Sources Kecamatan Kalideres has received 32 water trucks to deliver bulk water from PDAM Tangerang and distribute it to every Kelurahan. The water is sold at IDR 75,000 for every 5,000 liter. From the water trucks, water is distributed using water carts, sold at IDR 2,000 for every 20 - 25 liters. This water is used for cooking, drinking, and washing dishes. Water pumps are used for washing clothes, bathing and other personal usages. Some households in RT 01, RT 05, RT 06, RT 07 and RT 14 have already been connected to the PAM Jaya water supply system. People in this area have organized a water community and self-financed a piped connection which, with Palyjas consent, taps into the tertiary network. In RT 01, some of the water is used for car and motorcycle washing business. Some of the PAM Jaya customers in RT 05, RT 06 and RT 07 have an illegal status. They are asking to be legalized through a Master Meter Scheme. Also, they mentioned a low continuity and low water pressure of the existing PAM Jaya connections.

FORKAMI 42

OBA Survey 2006 Dwelling People in Warung Gantung usually live in single family housing, mostly based on rental arrangements for a limited period of time. Sanitary System Households in RT 08, RT09, RT10 and RT 11, use rivers for the human waste disposal. Willingness to Connect The population of RW 06 Warung Gantung, Kelurahan Kalideres, Kecamatan Kalideres expressed enthusiasm throughout the focus group discussion regarding their willingness to connect to the PAM Jaya water supply system through a Master Meter Scheme. They will organize a community-based organization to manage the scheme. However, this community was later found unsuitable for the master meter approach because of technical issues. Given the communitys high willingness to connect and to pay, it is recommended to consider providing direct pipe connection instead.

4.2 Master Meter Scheme in Muara Baru As the master meter scheme turned out to be unsuitable for Kel. Kalideres, the OBA stakeholders decided to conduct a social assessment survey among 110 respondents in an urban slum area, RW 17 RT 16 in Muara Baru, Kel. Penjaringan. There are around 7,000 households in Muara Baru, living in five RWs: RW 016, 017, RW 19, RW 20 and RW 22. The exact number of households varies due to high migration. The target area for the survey was RT 016 which consists of 10 sub RTs and around 1,000 household. Originally, a FGD approach was planned but ultimately considered inappropriate due to the socio-political situation in the area. Instead, a limited household survey (see Questionnaire in Annex 3) was conducted based on two service options offered by PALYJA: (1) a master meter or (2) individual meters located at the boundary of the house or a cluster meter. Socio Economic Profile Most of the people in Muara Baru live in densely populated (4.83 pph) multi-family houses (58%), and use the Pluit Dam as a household toilet system (51%). The average income in Muara Baru Community is about IDR 984,545

FORKAMI 43

OBA Survey 2006 a month, 64% of which is used to buy food, 4% for clothing and 7% to pay for electricity. The rest of their income is used to pay for transportation and other necessities. Respondent data on Muara Baru households are presented in Table 7.

Table 7 Respondent Data Number Percentage Type of Dwelling

Single-family house 38 34.55% Multi-family house 64 58.18% temporary housing (bedeng) 8 7.27% Other 0 0.00%

Number of people living in household 4.83 Household toilet system

Private septic tank 40 36.36% Share septic tank 13 11.82% River or pond 56 50.91%

Distance between septic tank and water supply system

less than 8 meter 26 23.64% more than 8 meter 84 76.36%


Water Supply System The existing water supply system in Muara Baru is presented in Table 8.

Table 8 Existing Water Supply System

Water Supplied by PALYJA

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Pipe

Public Hydrants/ Reseller

Household

Water Water

HouseholdsSelf

Household

Water Truck

Booster Pump

Other Sources

FORKAMI 44

OBA Survey 2006 Currently, households pay IDR 4,000 to 20,000 per cubic meter to water resellers who buy the water from PALYJA at IDR 950 per cubic meter. Water resellers control public hydrants and organize water distribution using carts or water hoses at varying prices. The monthly water usage is 3,000 to 5,000 m3 for the whole RT 16 community. A households monthly average water usage is about 33.89 m3 and the average water expenditure is about IDR 21,278. Available water sources and their water quality are presented in Table 9. During the dry season, most people use Water Obtained from Water Tank, Public Hydrant, Commercial Hydrant and Public Bath (50%). This number drops to 23% during the rainy season when alternative water sources are available. The situation is reversed in relation with Water Obtained from Water Pump and Jet Pump. Only 1% of the population uses the Water Pump and Jet Pump during the dry season, while 73% do so during the rainy season. This type of water, people reported, always has Odor, Taste and Color. The same picture applies to Water Obtained from Lake, River and Natural Body of Water (in this case through rain water collection). Only 3% use it during the dry season, but 70% do so during the rainy season. Other water sources are Water Obtained from Water Resellers, either by Water Truck with Mountain Water (23% in the dry and 50% during the rainy season), or by Water Gallon with Mountain Water (22% in the dry and 51.68% in the rainy season).

Table 9 Water Source and Quality

Dry

SeasonRainy

Season Odor Taste ColorWater Tank/Public Hydrant/Commercial Hydrant/Public Bath 50% 23% 13% 15.% 12%Water Pump, Jet Pump 1% 73% 100% 100% 100%Lake, River or other Natural body of Water 3% 70% 0% 0% 0%Water Reseller 23% 50% 3% 2% 4%Other 22% 52% 0% 0% 0%


Willingness to Connect Out of 110 respondents, 96 (87%) are willing to participate in a Community Based Organization, and all of those are willing to pay for water supplied by PALYJA. All of the 96 respondents stated they would follow the rules and regulations of community participation as related to bill payment and meter and pipe management. In addition, they agreed to sanctions in case of irregularities and believe that a Community Based Organization will work in Muara Baru.

FORKAMI 45

OBA Survey 2006 Of the 96 respondents, 23 (24%) are willing to have the Flat Charges for their individual Water Bill while 73 (76%) prefer the Individual Charges based on individual water usage. Of the 96 respondents, 23 (24%) are willing to pay for more the IDR 100,000 and 73 (76%) are willing to pay for less the IDR 100,000 for the Water Meter and Connection. Twenty six of the 96 respondents (27%) are willing to pay less than IDR 750, 23 (24%) less than IDR 1,000 a day and 22 (23%) less than IDR 1,500 a day for Water Supply. Of the 14 respondents (13%) not willing to participate, 53% stated Water from the existing system is more convenient while 18% mentioned Total monthly payment is too high as reasons. Another 23% stated reasons such as Going to Move or temporary residence.

FORKAMI 46

Annex 1 Potential Target Areas for GPOBA Scheme A TPJ Concession Area

Kecamatan Kelurahan Name of Community Number of Potential

Household Kel. Rambutan 1 Kel. Rambutan RW 03 333 Kel. Susukan 2 Jl Raya H. Baping RT 07/ RW06 132 Kel. Ciracas 3 Kel. Ciracas RT 12/ RW 09 Kel. Ciracas 4 Kel. Ciracas RT 001 - 014/ RW09 Kel. Ciracas 5 Jl Pengantin Ali RT 007 / RW 06

753

Kel. Cibubur 6 Jl Beriman I, II, III RW 12 80

Kec. Ciracas

Kel. Kelapa Dua Wetan 7 Jl Kampung Baru I RT 009 010 178 8 Kel Makasar RW 07 9 Kel Makasar RW 04 Kel. Makasar 10 Kel Makasar RW 02

1,492

11 Kel. Halim PK RW 05 12 Kel. Halim PK RW 06 13 Kel. Halim PK RW 07

Kel. Halim Perdana Kusuma

14 Kel. Halim PK RW 08

3,148

15 Kel Kebon Pala RW 03 550 16 Kel Kebon Pala RW 04 17 Kel Kebon Pala RW 09 18 Kel Kebon Pala RW 12

Kel. Kebon Pala

19 Kel Kebon Pala RW 08

1,360

20 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 05 21 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 11 22 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 12

Kel. Cipinang Melayu

23 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 13

1,408

Kel Pinang Ranti 24 Kel Pinang Ranti RT

009,008,013,014/RW01 578

25 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 01 26 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 02 27 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 03

Kec. Makasar

Kel. Cipinang Melayu

28 Kel Cipinang Melayu RW 04

1,605

Kel. Cipinang Muara 29 Kel Cipinang Muara Kel 14 238 Kel. Cipinang Besar

Selatan 30 Cipinang Besar Selatan RW 0

31 Cipinang Besar Utara RW 0 32 Cipinang Besar Utara RW 0

Kec. Jatinegara Kel. Cipinang Besar

Utara 33 Cipinang Besar Utara RW 0

Kel. Kampung Tengah 34 Kel Kampung Tengah RW 07 307

Kel Kramat Jati 35 Pulo Dukuh RT 011/RW04 Penggilingan

Baru Kel Kramat Jati 36 Kel Kramat Jati RW 11

316

37 Jl Raya Bogor Gg STM

RT005&016/RW02

Kec. Kramat Jati

Kel Batu Ampar 38 Jl Batu Sari RT 11/02

490

Kel Pekayon 39 Pekayon Community RT 07, 09, 10 250

Kel. Kali Sari 40 Kel. Kali Sari

RT05/RW11,RT12/RW13,RT13/03 355

Kel Cijantung 41 Jl Pamitran (Bulak III) RT 08/RW06 No

6 85

Kec. Pasar Rebo

Kel. Gedong Condet 42 Jl Balai Rakyat RT 01/03 63

Kecamatan Kelurahan Name of Community Number of Potential

Household Kel. Rorotan 43 Kel Rorotan RW 05 Kel. Rorotan 44 Kel Rorotan RW 08 Kel. Rorotan 45 Kel Rorotan RW 08 Kel. Rorotan 46 Kel Rorotan RW 06 Kel. Rorotan 47 Kel Rorotan RW 07 Kel. Rorotan 48 Kel Rorotan RW 09

902 Kec. Cilincing

Kel. Sukapura 49 Kel. Sukapura RT 02/RW010 73 Kel. Cakung Timur 50 Kel. Cakung Timur RW 01 191 Kel. Ujung Menteng 51 Kel Ujung Menteng RW 08 47 Kec. Cakung Kel. Rawa Terate 52 Jl Raya Bekasi RT 001/05 52

Kec. Johar baru Kel. Tanah Tinggi 53 Jl Tanah Tinggi Barat RT 04/RW05 32 Total of Potential Households 15.018

Source: Thames PAM Jaya, 2006

Communities marked grey were later included in the survey (see Chapter 1)

B PALYJAs Concession Area

Number of

potential Area Kecamatan Kelurahan Name of community

household Pejagalan 1 Gang Kantong 150

2 Gang Burung Kapuk

3 Gang Langgar 2 - Gang Taniwan (Kapuk) 400

4 Kampung Duri Semanan RT 1 RW 1 5 Kampung Duri Semanan 2 6 Kampung Duri Semanan 3

Duri Kosambi

7 Jl. H. Sanusi Kampung Gunung

1,300

8 Jl. Nusa Indah Gang A & Gang E 9 Jl. Benda 3 10 Jl. Rawa Bengkel RW 7 11 Jl. Daan Mogot Gang Madrasah

Cengkareng Barat

12 Jl. Utan Jati

800

Cengkareng

13 Jl. Ubi Ujung 300 Kebon Jeruk Kebon Jeruk 14 Kepa Duri RW 8 (Kebon Jeruk)

15 Kampung Pangkalan RW 2 & RW 10 250

Semanan 16 Warung Pojok (Kampung Asem) 350 17 Kampung Buaran (Kalideres) 18 Kampung Sumur Bor RT 4 RW 12 19 Kalideres Gang Kunci 20 Kampung Rawalele 21 Gombol Paya

22 Jl. Peta Utara 1 (behind Kantor Kel. Kalideres

) 23 Jl. Permata - Jl. Pelopor

Kalideres

24 Kampung Warung Gantung

1,930 Kalideres

Tegal Alur 25 Jl. Menceng Raya 100

UP

P B

ara

t (N

ort

h &

West

)

Sub-total 5,580 Penjaringan Pluit 1 Air Baja (Pluit Mas) RT 6-7-8 RW 16 250

Tambora Mangga Dua Selatan 2 Jl. Mangga Dua 8 500 Tanah Abang Bendungan Hilir 3 Bendungan Hilir (near WTP P2) 150

Grogol Petamburan Kota Bambu Selatan 4 Jl. Apus 150 Setiabudi Karet Kuningan 5 Jl. Anggrek 12 Karet Kuningan RW 2 150

Pademangan Ancol 6 Kampung Japat RT 4 RW 1 60 7 Kemanggisan Ilir 6 RT 2-3 RW 13 8 Jl. H. Sha'adan (Ubinus) RT 2-3 RW 12 9 Kemangisan Ilir 10 RT 17 RW 8 10 Kemanggisan Ilir 11 (Buntu) RT 4-5 RW 8

Kemanggisan

11 Anggrek Rosliana 7 - Jl. H. Sainin RT 3 RW 1 Palmerah 12 Jl. Kemanggisan Kincir RT 6 RW 8

1,500

13 Jl. Muluh 1 RT 1-3 RW 7

Palmerah

Jati Pulo 14 Jl. Kamboja Ujung

150 UP

P P

usa

t (C

en

ter

& N

ort

h)

Sub-total 2,910 Total 8,490

Source: PAM Lyonnaise Jaya, 2006

Communities marked grey were later included in the survey. Note that the eleven communities listed here were later aggregated to seven communities in six Kelurahan and four Kecamatan (see Chapter 1).

Annex 2

HOUSEHOLD ID:

OBA Survey Non-Connected Household Questionnaire

Interview Data Community Identification: _____________ Community Location Kecamatan: A_______ Kelurahan: B_______ RW: C_______ Interviewer ID number: D_______ Date of interview: E_______ F_______ month day Interview number: G_______

HOUSEHOLD IDENTIFICATION NUMBER:

A B C D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2 G1 G2

Annex 2 OBA Survey: Household Questionnaire Opening Statement Dear Respondent! My name is _________________________. I represent FORKAMI (Forum Komunikasi Pengelolaan Kualitas Air Minum Indonesia) water sector study team. We are conducting a survey related to water use by urban households like yours. The information that we collect from this survey will help us design a program for expanding and improving water service to urban households for this and this areas PAM JAYA has been chosen as a test case for this important work. From within this PAM JAYA, your household has been selected at random to be interviewed. Information from households such as yours is vital in designing this program. This is not a marketing survey but a survey that will determine whether PAM JAYAs services will be offered in your community. We assure you that your individual responses will not be disclosed to anyone. After questionnaires are completed, they will be processed by computer and no information on any single household will be disclosed to anyone. You can of course choose not to participate. The survey will take approximately 30 minutes and we will be asking you questions primarily related to your households:

Basic characteristics Sources and uses of water Expenditures on water Willingness to connect to PAM JAYAs network

Are you willin

social assessment for the jakarta oba project

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