so sci up cee1.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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bjhl kW KGikahd kL
r_fma
Ma ifnaL
cabjhlf tFf
VI - VIII
cUthf
khy fa Muh g Wtd brid-600 006
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STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING, CHENNAI-6
2012
FG jiyt
U. F.njtuh#, aFe,
khy fa Muh g Wtd, brid-6
nkyhthsf
Kidt K.gHrh, iz aFe(l),
khy fa Muh g Wtd, brid-600 006
Kidt r.fzg, iz aFe(Uthf),
khy fa Muh g Wtd, brid-600 006
xUizghs
Uk g.
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F. njtuh#, aFe,
khy fa Muh g Wtd, brid - 600 006.
mJiu
f Fo fL klik. . . jukhd f neha jHf mu y K Kaahf KgUt f Kiw
bjhl kW KGikahd kL tU fahL Kj (2012-2013) jHf midJ gfY xW Kj vlh tFtiu eilKiwgLjgl csJ.
ah Kj Kiwahf KgUt fKiwia a kL Kiwia jHfnk mKfgLJwJ. j bgUjJl bjhl kW KGik kL Kiwfhd tfhL ifnaL, KgUt fKiwfhd tfhL beKiwf, a kL Kiwia bragLJtjfhd midJ ghl Ma ifnaLfis khy fa Muh g Wtd, totikJsJ.
tha ifnaLf, ghl khztfis kL br braghLfis Ro fhLwd. braghLf ifnao sfgLtnjhL, khztflKs wfis KGikahf jumsL brtJ vthbwd MaUF tfhLwJ. j_y khztD bghJs xUw kLkyhJ gKfwfS btbfhzugL. ifnaL, khzt jwfis milahsfL gUtnjhW, ML KGtJ bjhlJ KGikahf kL bra MaUF cWJizahf fwJ.
a kLKiwdh, khzt f braghLf, f iz braghLf, cleyf, nahf fiy, edlijf, edy, tha wf vd midJ TWfS klgLwd. thW kLtjdh khzt MSik tsia KGikahf maKowJ. nkY, khWwdhf fw a kW ntfF Vg kLtjfhd bejikfS sfgLwd.
fhynjhW fwKiwf bragL tU khwfisaLJ jnghJ kL KiwY a khw mKfgLjgLsJ. khw Mafis CFgnjhL khztfis nkgL kH br.
Maf, ifnaoYs fUJfis KGikahf cthbfhL tFgiw bragLJj ntL. mnghJjh sjiyKiwdiu MSikftfshf jdif cilatfshf tUfhyij totikgtfshf cUthf aY. ah Kndw ehF RtfSFns cUthwJ vgjid fUbfhL xnth MaU braglntL vgJ midt mththf csJ. vdnt Maf, jfSF mfgl bghWid mfiwlD bghWzlD bragLjntLbkd iHnw.
thJfSl aFe.
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bghUslf
a jiy gf
1. r_f ma Ma ifnaL mKf 1
2. tsu kL braghLf mltiz 10
6M tF
3. tsu kL braghLf 24
4. dhjh ltiu 39
5. kh bjhFj dhjh 40
7M tF
6. tsu kL braghLf 43
7. dhjh ltiu 58
8. kh bjhFj dhjh 58
8M tF
9. tsu kL braghLf 61
10. dhjh ltiu 80
11. kh bjhFj dhjh 80
12. braghLfis ll kh braghLf 82
13. edlij kW kzj w 115
14. ghlbghU g mltiz (Syllabus) 121
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r_f ma MaifnaL -mKf
khztf jh thG RWw NHiy JbfhL kwtfnshL izJ thH fWbfhs cj ghlkhf r_f ma ghl mikJsJ. r_f ma fj IJ Ka Fnfhf.
1. ehL Ugjf tif xbthU khztiu wj Fokfdhf cUthFtJ
2. muayik rlij kJ, VW, mj yafis nfhghLfis nghwbrtJ.
3. a iwahik, xWik, xUikghL Kjat nkikia czJ nghwbrtJ.
4. khzt xbthUtiu mLjt cikia kJ elgtfshf khWtJ. 5. khzt midtiu jj bghWfis czJ elgtuhf cUthFtJ
itJ Fnfhfjh kw ghlfis fgjF r_f maiy
fgjF cs ntWghil bjthf btfhLwd. vdnt, r_f ma fF Mafsha eh, ekJ fj braghLf xbthiw nkfl Fnfhfis mila cj tif cUthf ntoa bghW cnsh.
nkY, el xgilfgl khztf xbthUtU nkfl
Fnfhfis neh eilnghLwhfsh? vd eh mJ bfhs `kL gagLwJ. kL vgJ bjhl kL (tsu kL) kW KGikahd kL (bjhFj kL) vd U tifgL vgJ eh mjnj. tsu kL
khzt xU fUij fWbfhoUF nghnj, mt nkbfhS fw bragho xbthU goiyia, TjhJ, kLtnj (bjhl) tsu klhF. bjhFj kL:
bjhFj ko, ghlbghU rhj kW ghl iz braghLf midJ TjhF cgLjgL klgLwd. vdnt, bjhlahd KG ko khzt mrh y, grh y kW wrh y Ma midJ TWfS bjhlahf kL bragLwd.
ghl bghU rhj ko xbthU gUt WY 60 kbgfSF nj eilbgW. jfhd dh totik kW tF thahd kh dhjhf ifnao izfgLsd. nkY ghlbghU rhj klhdJ fw nehffshd mj, j, gagLJj kW w bgw vw mogil mikfgLsJ. jnfg xbthU gUtF tF thahf njf eilbgW.
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ghl izbraghLf ga tuf, MaUfhd bghJ ifnao bfhLfgLsd.
r_f ma fj ekJ xbthU braghL fl nehffS xiwahtJ ugFkhW ghJbfhs ntoaJ ekJ bghWghF.
r_f ma fw isf khztf:
jfhy ff, flj fhy ff bjhl / is vgij Jbfhs.
ekJ ghuga gghLf f bjhikahdit vgij czj. neiwa r_f eltoiff, Wngh iy. iwa r_f
tHff khw tuyh vgij czj. r_fwfshd jkJ fUij bjthf btgLJj, w
fUJfis nfl, w czfis j, wnuhL eytF kL xJnghj, atF JrnyhL kW Tw - nghwtiw tsj.
ey kdghikfis (, neik, thik, fhy jtwhik, kj, vnyhlJ mfhl nghwtiw) tsj.
fhy jfsJ thifia vthW mikJbfhtJ vgij goJ, nfL mDgt Y mJ bfhs.
Ugjf, KGikahd MSik gfis tsJ bfhs. khtU cyF Vg, khtU njitfis vthW brJ bfhtJ
(vbghU fd) vw kdghikia tsj. X neufis Kiwahf gagL jdF wUF gagL
tif kh mikj. jh wj kiz, khyij kW njrij nej gdhLzit kj kW tsj. jh thG gF r_f NH kW fyhrhu dfis MuhJ/
J bfhs. ciH nkikia czJ mj jJtij Jbfhs jh kL jid RnshU eyKl thH jdh awij
bra ntL vd cW bfhs. gntW bkh, rka, eif, bfhl kfsh tHfgl caj fy
fyhrhuid eh bgWnsh vw czit bgW tsj. midJ kjf tghL jyf kW tghL Kiwf
nghwtF kgF vzij tsj. d, gh, bkh, kj kW uha ntWghLfis flJ eh vnyhU
a vw czit tsj. thif vgJ mtut if vw jJtij czj. jh thG gF cstfnshL kw khztfnshL R_fkhd
cwit ngQj. aifia neF gFtij bgWj. bjhiynehF ghitia
tsj.
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jkF F ilna cs cwit J, F jkh vj
F neuhjtz elj. xU TWF (fact) njitahd rhWfis (evidences) uLj. ilF rhWf cik jikia(validity) fLzj. cikahd rhWf mogil jftfis jUj. aif tsfis fdkhf - RWw NH khRglhjthW
gagLJj. aif brtfshd MW, kiy, V, jhtuf, tdyFf,
cdf nghwtgh gW bfhL, ghJfhJ ngQj. khW vr ga zit tsj ma kdghik, kjnea , Muh kdghF, UJ Mt
Matiw tsj, bghJ brhJfis guhkj kW tKiwia blhj. jeg nkik kW FG braf Kjat Fgoahf
mjdh ehL nknkY cau Kay, rhf Mtd brj. ehLfhf / CUfhf ciHf, njit VgLnghJ ehil ghJfhf
nghl jahuh Uj. bgf faF Gfhdtiw ifLj. - it nghw
nehf TWf xiwahtJ cslajhf xbthU braghL mikj ntL.
ghl mQFKiw
jnghija ghll khzt ika mQFKiw mikJsJ khztnu Fl xU bghU / fUJga mit `cUthbfhs cjtnj Ma gahF.
nkFj nehfij mila bghJghll jfY, ifnaoY nghJkhd braghLf totikfgLsd. bfhLfgLs braghLfmidij X Ma bra ntL vw flhaiy. it midJ kL nehffhfnt bfhLfgliy. tW ytiw Ma jkJ ``fw fj mDgtfSF gagL bfhsyh. it ju Ma ntW y (khztfSF Vw) braghLfis totikJ bfhsyh. Mdh xbthU fUJ khzt jh nkbfhS braghLf tahfnt mtiu brwila ntL vgnj ekJ yF.
ifnao cs braghLf Kj tF thahf fgLsd. wF ghljf xbthU jiy G bfhLfgLs tsu braghLfS mjid bjhlJ TLj braghLfS bfhLfgLsd. mit tsu kL m (Formative Assessment) FA (a) tsu kL-M (Formative Assessement) FA (b) vW tifgLjgLsd.
khztf FA(a)braghil brnghJ, xbthU khztU btntW gf/ f/Kofis tHfyh. (v.fh) cyftiugl, VnjD xU it tzL fhl - vw braghoF xbthU khztU btbtW fis tzL fhLt.
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Mdh, FA(b) braghoF xnu g/Ko/jh rahdjhf
UfKo. (v.fh.) ahF mUnf, a bgUfl mikJs `-ehil tzL fhl vw braghoF khztf yifiaju kw fis tzoUjh m~J jtwhdjhL myth? ifnao braghLf Fiwthfnt bfhLfgLsd. Maf ghljf cs tif braghLfis gagLbfhsyh. Wnj(Slip Test) el khztfis klyh, vLJfhL
1. W eljgl ghlgF Ka fUJfis bjhFf. 2. bfhLfgl a tiugl M{, fndh, Muh, bl Ma
lfis Ff. bragho tiff
xbthU braghL jah braghlh (j) myJ FG braghlh (FG) myJ tF cs midtU nrJ br braghlh (tF) vd, tFgiwF eilbgW braghlh (c), tFgiwF bt eilbgW braghlh (bt) vd mjF njitahd fhy ms ( - lf) kW mbraghnlhL bjhlila fUJ, jf lbgW gf Kja tuf milFD bfhLfgLsd.
jah braghL : KGikahd kW bjhl ko xbthU khztiu fw cW bra jahbraghL mtakhwJ. tFgiw khztf vif Fiwthf UFnghJ braghL Vilajhf mik. braghil mikFnghJ Ma xbthU khztlY ftd brY, fw bjh eilbgWwjh vgjid cW brj ntL. jah bragho _y eilbgW fwyhdJ, beL ehfSF iyJ F. nkY, fw bghUSilajhf UF.
iz braghL khztfis Ut bfhl iz FGthf (Peer Group) J
braghLfis bra brhyyh. mthnw mFG jiy klyh. W FG braghL : tFgiw khztf vif mfkhf UFnghJ Ma khztfis IJ myJ mjF nkgl W FGfshf J fw braghil mikfyh. W FGfshf fgLtjh xbthU FGdUF fw fj JizfUf, ltr nghwit csdth vd cWbrj ntL. braghonghJ tFgiw nkyhik eKiw mika Ma TLj ftd brYJj mtakhwJ. nkY xbthU khztUila gf l bgWkhW Ma CfgLJj mta. KG tF braghL :
ghll cs y wfis jah braghL, iz braghL kW FG braghL _ykhf elj ayhjbghGJ, tF cs midJ
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khztfis xnu FGthfbfhL tF KGikfhd braghLfis brJ fhl brhyyh. (v.fh ) fsgaz, dho-dh, fyJiuahl tsu kL TWf : (ju msf) tsu kL (m) ) [FA (a)]-fhd braghLfis fhQ tKiw _y kL bra ntL . kbg FpL ju kL Ff
1 0 f eW KGik, Ja,bj, Ez kW gilghw.
8 9 eW KGik, bj
6 7 Ufu KGikahd
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eif HF tif Ma eltoif mikJl TlhJ vg ftdkhf Uf ntL. jums g
Kdnu TaJnghW, xUgUt vjid braghLfis eh khztfSF bfhLJ kL brUjhY, FA(a) ehF FA(b) ehFkhf vL braghLfis g brjh nghJkhdJ. (Ma Udh vyh braghLf kil g brJ bfhsyh.). braghLfis totikFnghJ fUbfhs ntoait braghLfis nj brnghJ khWwdhsfis bkJthf
fnghiu eh kd bfhs ntL. jf kW ifnao bfhLfgLs braghLf nkTa U
nfhghLfSF bghUjkhf yho, Ma jkJ khztfSnfg braghLfis kh mikJ bfhsyh myJ a braghLfis totikJ bfhsyh.
njbjLfgL braghLf, xnu xU ghlnyh (tuyhW, a, Foika, bghUshjhu) xnu jiynyh (Lesson - 1) mikJLj TlhJ. khwhf, vyhghlfis cslajhf, gyjugl jiyfis bfhljhf Uj mta.
mJnghnw, njbjLfgL braghLf xnu tifia rhjjhf yhk gtifgljhf (fij, ghl, fUJgl, ehlf, tiugl fhynfhL nghwitahf) UgJ mta.
braghLfis njbjLj
bfhLfgLs braghLf, khztf ghlbghUis ff, mtf fFnghnj kl, KGikahf brUjh CFf, bra jtUjh Fiw fw mikF nehY cUthfgLsd.
X Ma jkJ khztf vif, mtf fF w kW d nghwtiw fUbfhL ifnao cs braghLfis njbjLJ, ghlnjhL izJ, mtf ghlbghU bjF gagL bfhsyh.
bfhLfgLs braghLfisjh X Ma jkJ khztfSF
mf ntL vw flha iy. Ma jhnk tiwl wj / vikahd / gaDs braghil totikJ ghlbghUis khztf Jbfhs cjtyh. Mdh braghLf tna khztf fFnghJ, ghlbghUis v Jbfht vw TW eh mj xnw. vdnt, MajgLJj, fw, tYl, wtsj, kl Ma midJ goiyfY iuia jJ braghLfis mikJ khztfis fw KG
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xW, jkJ khztfsh FGthfjh bra aY vwh, Ma khbfhsyh. FG braghL vd tifgLjgl braghil, Ma Udh j braghlhf kh bfhsyh. c braghil bt bra ghlhf, bt braghil c braghlhf kh bfhsyh. xbthU braghoF xJfgl fhy msit Maf jj NHYF Vg Tonah, Fiwnjh zJbfhsyh. Mdh braghL bfhLF Kng fhy msit flha zJ bfhtJ eyJ. Kj xbthU ghlF bfhLfgLs braghLfis Ma vait, Xus fodkhdit, fodkhdit vd tifgL bfhsyh. fw fjnghJ Kj va braghLfis khztfSF tHfyh. mtiw Koj khztfSF Xus fodkhd braghLfis tHfyh. U goiyfis KojtfSF fodkhd braghLfis tHfyh. Mdh, midJ khztfS xbthU ghljiyY ff ntoa Fiwjgr wfisahtJ bgUgJ mta. Fiw eltoif
bjhl kL, khztf Kndwij xbthU goiyY fgnjhL kL mtf fwij tYl, jtwhf J bfhlij Uj bra gagLjntL. iyba bjhl klh ga yhk nghL. vdnt, kil ntfkhf fngh, ruhrahf fngh, bkJthf fnghiu milahs fhz gagLjyh. Fiw eltoif njitgLnthUbfyh mjid flha ml ntoa bghW MaUilanj. vdnt, Fiw eltoif,
K bfhLj braghilna L mtfSF bfhLfyh. bfhLj braghLfis vikgL bfhLfyh. njitgo a, va braghLfis mikJ juyh. vnghbjyh neu ilwnjh, mnghbjyh Ma bkJthf
fnghUF neuoahf cjtyh. ntfkhf fnghiu bkJthf fnghUF cjt brayh (iz fw) FGfshf J FGjiyt nkghit Fiw eltoif
vLfyh. vgoahD el xgilfgl khztf midtU xbthU
ghlY (Lesson) eh vghF Fiwj ms wfisnaD bgw brtJ ekF ehnk VgLbfhS X cdj rth.
khWwdhsf
ghlbghU fj iy ekJ tF cs khWwdhsiu eh ftd bfhs ntoa bghW cnsh. mtf iynfw (wiknfw) braghLfis mtfSF tHf ntL. vdnt, xU braghil khztfSF eh tHFnghJ mjid khWwdhsfsh bra aYkh vd J, bra ayho mtf iynfg bragho khw bra ntL myJ mjF izahd ntbwhU braghil totikJ mtfSF ju ntoaJ mta. vLJfhlhf, xU isahL nH bfhLfgLsJ.
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fhygmltiz: MafSF cj neh ifnao xbthU jiyFkhd (Lesson wise) fhyg mltiz bfhLfgLsJ. Mdh, Maf mtut NHYnfg fhyg mltizia cUth bfhsyh. mjidna gwyh. Mdh, fhyg mltiz ghl elJj ewW. vdnt, nk mfhf gia ghitl tUnghJ, mtut if jiyik Mauh xj mfgl fhyg mltiz UgJ mta. mjgo ghlfS braghLfS eilbgWtJ mta. Fiwjgr fw:
xbthU ghl KoY xU khzt mUfntoa / id bfhs ntoa Fiwjgr fw wf goa bfhLfgLsJ. khztf tiw kLnk fw ntL vgJ j bghUsy khwhf, tiwahtJ xbthU khztU fUf ntL vgnj bghU. Mdh, midJ khztfS midJ wfis bgw ttif brtnj xU wj Ma jiyaha g vgJ eh mjnj. fwiy thnthL izj: r_f maiy bghUjko, khztf ghlbghUis J bfhtnjhL, mjid jkJ thifnahL, NHnyhL, iwa fnthL bjhlgLJ wid tsf ntoaJ ekJ jiyaha flikahF. jifa eltoif kLjh ghl KaJtij khztfSF kwtfSF czjKo vg eh bjthf Uj ntL. r_f ma ghl wj Kiw m~jhtJ, mJ vj nehffhf ffgLwnjh mj nehfij khztf milaToa tif ffgoUjh, iwa r_furidfns yhk nghUF vgij eh czuntL. ekJ ghl bghU xbthU fUij (concept) khzt thnthL, (Fghf mtdJ kdghikia nkgLJtjhf) FLgnjhL, r_fnjhL, RWw NHnyhL izJ ff jnghJ ekF th RjjuK mikJsJ. vdnt, xbthU braghL khzt m bgUfF, edlijF cjtToajhf mikj ntL.
braghLf, braghLfhf vW mikahk, bghU bghjjhf uridfis milahs fhQ fhufshf, mitfSF fis jU wnfhfshf miktJ mta. jid vgo brtJ vw vz xU yUF bjahUfyh. mjfhf xU y vLJfhLf.
1. tuyh kdf rhjidfis goaLnghJ, rhjidahsfjh tuyh id TugLwhf vgij vLJ TWtnjhL, ``tuyh lbgw ntLbk, vbdd rhjidfis fjU? vd nfL khzt vG kdghikia jo vGgyh.
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2. khztf tuyhW ffSF fhynfhL tiunghJ jkJ jij Kndw, jkJ Kndw FJ xU fhynfhL tiua khztUF cjtyh.
3. kdf trht tiugl tiunghJ, khztj jiyKiw ga tiugl tiua cjtyh.
4. fljfhy ff xbthwid g, khzt gYnghJ, mtUJ khzt fWbfhl "ghl" (tha wf) vd? vd dtyh.
5. jfhy ffS fljfhy fit idLtJ vJ? vd vGj NHnyhL izJ fjh tUfhy rKjha kj khfnshL fG vgJ z.
brafis ll
ifnao bfhLfgLs braghLf tifF xwhf vLJ, thd Kiw bragho nehf, njitgL bghUf, fhy ms, mj goiyf, khzt braghil br j, Ma kL br Kiw Kja tuf bfhLfgLsd. Ma mtiw goJghJ mjgona mtif braghLfis lL bragL kL brayh. ebd fUJf kw ghlfisl r_f ma ghljh ebd fUJfis khztf fWbfhs mf th csJ. ifnaoY vLJfhofhf ebd fUJf mla mltiz xW bfhLfgLsJ. mtiwnghW ghlfis fFnghnj, vbfyh thUwnjh mbfyh bghUjkhd mwbefUJfis khzt thtna jUj f wj cahF. ifid bghUf r_f ma ghlij fF nghJ, khztf ifidbraf
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Mwh tF tsu kL braghLf
v ghl jiy jf csit FA(a)/(b) gf v
TLj braghLf FA(a)/(b) gf v
1. Foika FLgK rKjhaK
FLg cWd bga vGJj FA(a) 148 FLg gl xLj FA(a) 148 fUJ TWj ( FLg ghJfh)
FA(a) 148 goaLj ( j bjU cnsh jFLg, TL FLg)
FA(a) 148
mltiz gLJj (cgahsh, bjhyhs)
FA(a) 150 jft uLj ( j bjU cs Lf kW FLg cWdf bjhf
FA(a) 148
irl ghLj (ghuah ghl) FA(a) 150 bghkyhl vf FLg FA(a) fyJiuahl (TL FLg, jFLg)
FA(a) 148,150 jft uLj (ekF njitahd bghUf, bt khyUJ bgWgit)
FA(a) 149
FWehlf ( FLg /r_f nkik FJ) FA(a) 148 gl bjhF jahj ( j khtl cs RWyh jyf)
FA(a)
FLg tiugl FA(a) 150 2. rKjhaK
g bga vGJj ( tF gFcs f Wtdf bgaf)
FA(a) bga vGJj j FLgYnsh bga vGJj
thj brj ( FHijf Kndw TLj gF tgJ g, r_f, FLg)
FA(a) goaLj ( j bjU cnsh jFLg, TL FLg)
FA(a) 148
ehlf eoj (ntWik xWik)
FA(a) 156 jft uLj (FLg gHF egf, mtf bjhf)
FA(a) 148
nflj (g ts rKjha gF)
FA(a) gl bjhF jahj ( gntW khy kf glf)
Mnyhrid gj (g tsF)
FA(a)
irl ghLj (ghuah ghl jf csJ)
FA(a) 155
1. a Na FLgK
nfhsuf brW ghitl FA(a) gnrhJ ghj (mkhthir,bgsz VgL j g mj)
FA(a 159
nfhf glfis uLj FA(a) bral ( br jhUJ mkhthir bgsz rhj gl, brfis uLj)
FA(a 159
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1. NaFLgK
kh jahj Na FLg FA(a) goaLj (u,gf VgL j) FA(a 160 Na FLgngh eoJ fhLj FA(a) cW nehf ( tot kW JUt mj) FA(a 158 fhuz TWj (Snlh xU nfh iy)
FA(a) kh jahj FA(a 160
cW nehf ( u thid cW neh FbgGJj)
FA(a bralKiw ( NaFLg jftf, glf) FA(a 160
FWbfGJ ( nfhf bgaf)
FA(a) glbjhF jahj (nfhf glf) 161 thij isahL (nfhfS, JiznfhfS) FA(a 162 gnfW eoj ( Na FLg) FA(a 162-164 JQF br jf jahj ( nfhfS,
Jiz nfhfS) FA(a 162-164
cW neh goaLj xU thuy yh thd njhW neu
FA(a 164
xgil mif jah ( ml, nfhf, ru, vff ff)
FA(a 167
1. bghUshjhu bghUshjhu X mKf
bral FLg khj, tUltUkhd bryl jahj
FA(a) mltiz _y goaLj (f, kUJt tf Jiw rhnjh goa)
FA(a) 170
jah brygoa jahj (khzt bry)
FA(a) jeg tUkhd fzL brj (jh/jij X ML tUkhd)
FA(a) 170
iygoa xL (aha yfil kW w filf)
FA(a) br uLj (rijia cW neh F bghUf, thF bghUf)
FA(a) 170
jf thj ( mah br) FA(a) eof brj jeo (rij fh , cgahs, gt, thFgt)
FA(a) 170
eoj (cgahs, tf, Efnth)
FA(a) goaLj (FLg mltiz gaf) FA(a) 171
FG thj ( rKjhaFKakhdtf cgahsfns,tffns)
FA(a) jft nrfj (bghUshjhu zf gl, jftf)
FA(a) 171
tu, bryl kL jah brj (FLg khj tUkhd fdij nkbfhs ntoa tf, kUJt kW rhu flz)
FA(a) 171
thj (rKjhaF f Kakhdtf tffns!, cgahsfns!
FA(a) 170
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1. tuyhW tuyhWF Kgl fhy
jft nrfj (fbtLf, id df ghJ)
FA(a) 175 fyJiuahl ( Mkj thif) FA(a) 174-175
goaLj (f gaghL) FA(a) 177 br bjhF jahj ( bjhbghU M rhj brf)
FA(a) 174
glf kW brf uLj (mfth bjhlilait)
FA(a) 174 goaLj ( L yFf kW guhk g) eoJ fhLj Mkj ed kj ntWghL
FA(a) 176
thj ( Mkj rfu fL ojjfhd fhuz)
FA(a) 177 fsgaz ( mUfhaf brW ghitL mif jahj)
FA(a) 181
fsgaz (ffhy fUf ilf bgw lfis ghitL FbgGJj)
FA(a) 177 kh jahj ( giHa a ffhy fUf fk kh)
FA(a) 177
tiugl lfis Fj FA(a) 181 tiugl Fj ( j eho Mkj thj gF)
FA(b) 177
dho dh ( ghlgF bfhLfgLs Ka jftf)
FA(a)b 174 -180
2. J bt ehff
FG thj ( ehfff V Mwfiu njhd)
FA(a) 181 bral ( khzt C /ef bgaUfhd fhuz)
FA(a) 181
jft uLj ( efu vgJ lL mikgJ)
FA(a) 182 xL goa jahj ( bkhfrjhnuh & bgUFs khztf C Fs)
FA(a) 182
fsgaz ( mUfhaf) FA(a) 183 cq ghit ( bghJ folf) FA(a) 183 tiugl Ka lfis Fj
FA(a) 189 mltiz jahj ( J rkbt L kW khzt L)
FA(a) 183
fyJiuahl ( J bt efu mik khzt C/ef mik)
FA(a) 183
gl tiuj (khztf fd y)
FA(a) 183
2. J bt ehff
fgid fLiu vGJj ( C jiytuhf Ujh)
FA(a) 184
goa jahj ( L fl cj bjhyhsf) FA(a) 182-183 fyJiuahl ( khzt CUJ rij/ bt brY bghUf, btUJ mtuJ CUF tU bghUf
FA(a) 184
goa jahj ( if bjhf) FA(a) 186 goa jahj ( J bt, FHijf/ khztUF bjj isahL bghUf)
FA(a) 184
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2. J bt ehff
cW neh tj ( mfyf bgaf) FA(a) 186 xgil jahj 9 a kf ghuga
cilf) FA(a) 187
fLiu vGJj ( J bt kf rka) FA(a) 187 FG thj ( J bt kf eif) FA(a) 187 bra l mJ nghd efu/C FA(a) 187 fh kD jahj ( jdJ C Rfhjhu nfL) FA(a) 183 tiugl g ( Ka lfis Fj) FA(b) 183
3 gil jHf kh jahj Itif yf FA(a) fyJiuahl ( rf fhy fl thg) FA(a) 195 mltiz jahj (_ntjf ku, , bfho)
FA(a) kh uLj ( VnjD _W bkhf tU dr giff W gF)
FA(a)
thj brj ( jnghJ ehbfhlhL Hhf) kiajUwdth
FA(a) irl ghLj ( brj ehblD ghuah ghl) FA(a) 189
Lfijf (Itif yf rhJ)
FA(a) bga goa jahj ( filnaG tsf, gJghL, vL bjhif f)
FA(a) 193
mltiz jahj ( _ntjf d, bfho, jiyefu, JiwKf)
FA(b) 192
FWehlf (ahndh mur ahnd ft) FA(a) 192 jft nrfj ( jDila C gila kdf
ah? ah? Ml gF vd mj) FA(a)
tiugl Fj ( bja ygl _ntjf M gFia Fj)
FA(a)
fhbdhfh ghj (iza jsUJ ghl bjhlila fh glfis gwf brJ tFgiw gagLJj)
FA(a)
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VHh tF tsu kL braghLf
ghl v
ghl jiy jf braghL FA a)/(b) gf TLj braghLf FA(a)/
(b) gf
1
tuyhW tl a muRf(2)
1.ehlf nrU thHyh a 213 ehlf M mikgjfhd nghuhl a 205 2.tiugl ga bfhLfgllfis tiugl Fj mitjnghJs khyf bgafisgoaLf
b 213 fijTw ufhuf b 205
3.vGJfis KiwgL ilfh
b 213 goa ufhuf rhjidf b 205-210
4.eh ah b 213 j tuyhW TWj ghyff a 207 5. FWbfGJ g b 214 ehlf trd vGJj fndh gFfhd
nghuhl a 207
6.kd tiuglF F vGJf a 214 fhynfhL tiuj b 206 gl bjhF tl a muRf a 206-211
7.mltiz uf b 215 mltiz uj tl a muRf b 206-211 fUJgl ufhuflUJ J mur trf
a 205-206
2 jfhz muRf
1.tiugl Ka efufis Fj
b 216 223
gl tiuj C viy nfhL gl tiuj a 219 220
2.idthw nrhjid b 216-223 ku t gl tiuj uhou Tl kdf trht gl khzt IJ jiyKiwia sF trht gl
a 219 220
3.glbjhF jfhz kdf fiy fol Xa
a 216
fhynfhL bAhrhy b 215-221
4.FGthj vf kd kungwjJ
a 216
tiugl tz Lj jfhz muRf a 216
5.Rtbuho wj kd a 216 gl bjhF rhSa fol fiy a 218,219 6.jiyig xo ngRj jfhz muR
a 216 fsgaz Fltiu nfh a 218-220
dhodh ahjtf b 218-220 xgil uhou Tlf gf a 219
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fij Tw bAhrhy a 221 fhynfhL fhfa b 220 ahjtf trht gl b 222-223 mltiz uj jfhz muR b 222-223
3 bja muRf
a tiugl Ka efufis Fj
b 237 mltiz jahj gyt bga kW w bga
b 225-227
gl bjhF fiy, fol fiy a 226-242 mltiz nru,nrhH,ghoa b 229-240 fgaz nru, nrhH, ghoaC
a 226-242 glK, jftY th Rth a 226
isahlhf fWbfh b 226-242 fsgaz khkyu a 229 ehj jahj a 226-241 jft uLj Ciu Ml ku nru, nrhH,
ghoa b 227
EhY MaU b 226-242 dh il TW b 238 miHj jahj a 226-242 fyJiuahl nru,nrhH fhy thf a 232 a glK, sfK nfhf jHf nfhf a a jft mif C nfh a 227 gl bjhF ekJ guhga a fsgaz kw a 276 eoj xUikghL a 279
1
a mj mik kW y eff
xgil a 213 tz Lj a 245 y tiugl s gs jhF b 250 nrhjid brj ka tsj a 246 gl tiuj bkhuh a 251 kh jahj a 247 thj vkiy a 252 xgil yeLf-vkiy a 250-254 tiugl Fj a 253 fUJ tiugl a 246
2 nkgu kh bfhoUF y nfhs nkgu
gl bjhF cd ij a 260 mif jahj fhyiy a 257 kh jahj MW y njhw a 264 gnrhjid ghiw ij a 258 gl nrfj bllh a 264 gl nrfj MW mj ynjhw a 260-263 kh jahj fly-ynjhw
a 265 kh jahj MW goa itj-ynjhw a 262-263
gl bjhF gahWf nrfj a 266 jiyig xo ngRj fl m ynjhw a 263-264 gl ynjhwf a JQF jf miy-go a 264-265 3D kh jahj gahW mjyh VgL
y njhwf a 265-267
JQF jf nkgu khw a 243-255 Lfij b
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JQF jf a goaLj b isahL b
Foika ekJ ehL
fyJiuahl fif e - nj a e
(a) 280 tz Lj cyf mua ygl ah Ulij mJ tz Lj
b 272
ghl vGJj njrg ghlf (a) 280 jft uLj khzt bjU cs Lf jft uLj
a
fgid fLiu eh xU mikruhdh
(a) 280 a tiugl Fj a khyf, a unjrfis Fj.
b 272
glbjhF mil ehLf nja d
(a) 280 br bjhF jahj a FoauR jiytf ga br bjhF
a 273
glbjhF ekJ ehL ghuga (a) 280 JQF jf jahj nja df a 275 fsgaz kw a 274 eoJ fhLj nja xUikghL a 277
2
a muayik w TWf
fyJiuahl mogil cikf ehlf mogil flikf
(a) 284 xgil jah brj muayik waf (a) 282
JQF jf muayikigcUthatf
(a) 282 gwf brj muayik Kfiu a/b 283
thj mogil cikf (a) 285 goa mua za rig cWdf (b) 281-282 xgil tiu FG cWdf ga jft (a) 281-282 fUJ Tw bghJ brhJ (a) 288 jft uLj mngfh (a) 283-284 vLJfhL Tw kjrhgw ehLf bgaf (b) fyJiuahl kjfSilna cs xWik ,
eg g bryhikfhd fhuz (a)
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vlh tF tsu kL braghLf
ghl v
ghl jiy jf braghL FA(a)/(b) gf v
TLj braghLf FA(a)/ (b) gf v
1 tuyhW bkhfyhaf tUif
fLiu vGJj a 249-262 FWehlf xsuf mfhuK th juK
a 258-260
goa jahj bkhfyhaf trht
b 249-262 isahL a 247-262
fhynfhL bkhfyha fhy
b 249-262 y tiugl a tiugl xsuf nguuR
b 259
gl bjhF cyf mraf glf kW Ff
b 257 y tiugl a tiugl mg nguu viyfisFj
b 252
xgil jh{kAh
a 257 ICT FWjfo gwf brj bkhfyha kdf
a 249-262
RHyil jahj bkhfyha fhy yaf
b 253 xgil ekJ ehil ghJfhf uhQt ufMW g
a -
fyJiuahl "bkhfyha nguu F fhuzf"
a 253-262
gl bjhF ghg Kj xsuf tiu Ml kdf cUt glfis uo glbjhF jahj
a
2. kuhaf ehlf th thif tuyhW
a 275 xgil uhQt uf gF a
goa jahj ka khy mikruit l bgWs mikrf bgafis mtfsJ Jiwfis goaLf.
a 275 fij TWj khztfSF bjj fijfis TWj
a -
fhynfhL kuha fhy Kaffis fhynfho FLf.
a 275
y tiugl a tiu gl kuha nguugFfis Fj
b 271
FWbfGJ th nguuR b
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3 Inuhaf tUif
tiugl ntiy cyf tiugl Inuhgh flij tzLj ( ygl jf cjl)
b 282 y tiugl Inuha ehLfSF ahF ilna tf eilbgw tjlfis cyf tiugl Fj
b 278
y tiugl Inuhgh cs ehLf bgafis FLf. (yjf cjl)
b 274 fgid ciuahl rhbkh thnfhlfhkh r
a 278
goaLj a fltia fL ojtf bgaf kW fLoj lf
b 274 tirgLJj ahF tf a tj Inuhaf - ehL - kf- jiyikl
a 274
ytiugl ahF Kj Kj flt fLojt ah vd mJ mt fLoj tia cyf tiugl Ff.
a 277 Inuhgh y tiugl ahF tf bra tj ehLfis btntW tzf FJ fhLj
b 274-279
ytiugl nghRaf, Mnyaf, buRfhuf tfjyfis a w g ytiugl Fj
b 283 fgidahf ngRj e ehL gfg ehlhf yhk, viyfis ehLfsh NHgoUjh e eho bjhf, tzf, jgbtg iy vthW UF vd fgidahf ngRj.
a
jft uLj cf khtl csnfhilf ga jftf kWMnyaf nfhilf ga jftf
a
4 MybuRMf ngho
(fehlf nghf)
tiugl Fj fehlf nghfeilbgw lfis a tiuglFf.
b fUJ tHFj nghf njitah?
xgil MnyafSF, buRfhufSFilna cw Kiw
a 283-289 ytiugl fUJgl tiuj fehlf nghfis sf ytiugl fUJgl tiuj.
fyJiuahl shngh a 287 mltiz jahj fehlfnghf ff
thj uil M Kiw eik/ik a 283-289 fhynfhL My buR clgoiff b 283-289 fyJiuahl fehlf ngh Mnyafbt bgwjF fhuzf
a 283-289
thj ah Mnyaf nt%w fhuzf
a 283-289
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ghl v
ghl jiy jf braghL FA(a)/(b) gf v
TLj braghLf FA(a)/ (b) gf v
1 a tsMjhufS tiffS
glbjhF aif kWkjdh VgLjgl tsMjhuf
a 300 xgil 1. yf cUthF j 2. fhwhiy cs lf
a 293, 297-298
kh jahj 1. fhwhiy 2. yf cUthF j
a goaLj vbz cg br ehLfis flf thahf
a -
goa r ghj o, RWyh brY K ftf ntoait (dhjh bfhLfgLsJ)
a 294 fgid fLiu D gJ MLf bgnuh J nghdh vdthF
a -
y tiugl cyf tiugl vbz cg br lfis Fj
b 294 fUJ TWj , r, vbz tsfis l ehfSF gagLj vbdd eltoiffis khztf nkbfht
a 293
glbjhF ah, bejyhJ ehLf fhwhiy glf
a tiugl ah cs mQ iyafisFj
b -
thj ts Mjhuf KaJt a - j tuyhW TWj yf r/ Na
Mw/ vbz tsf a 293-298
goaLj cs Jf Toa tsf,Jf ayhj tsf
b -
ytiugl Fj ah yffhzgL lf
b -
ytiugl Fj cy cs yftaf gutf
b 294
2 tsMjhufS bghUshjhu eltoiffS
vGJfis KiwgLJjjf bfhLfgl brKiw 1
b 306 eoj IJ tifahd bjh iyfiseoJfhLj
a 302-303
gl bjhF IJ tifahd bjh iyfSF glf uLj
a 302-303 fsgaz gF mU cs trha /bjhrhiy / t / Ruf nghw VnjD xUbjh eilbgW lF khztfismiHJ brYj
a -
thj tsj ehLf kLnk _W, ehF kW Ijh iy bjhf tsJsd. jfhd fhuzfis thj
a
-
fij TWj VnjD xU bjh
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20
tiugl cyf tiugl tsw ehLfis Fj
a 300
bral VnjD xU Kj iy bjh
-
3 Kjiy bjh /Kj iy bjh tiff
isahL jf cs brKiw g -1
b 312 jft nrfj khztf mtut khtlmyJ khtl mU thG ehnlhof FJmif jahJ rkj
a -
mltiz gLJj cy cs ehnlhof, l kW yFf bgaf
b 308 ICT gwf brj cy ehnlho kf thG lf kW thG Kiwf ga jftfis izajsUJ gwf brJ mif jahJ rkj
a -
fyJiuahl fhLf gafis g iza jsUJ gwf brJ tF fyJiuahLj
a 309 bghkyhl ehnlho thif
a -
bra l 1.Mfh f 2. mjkh #huth
a - gl bjhF jahj cy cs ojsf, ed bjh Egtrf, cg jsf
a -
tiugl jf cs brKiw g IV
b -
4 Kj iy bjh iy / Ruf bjh
FWbfGJ g jfcs brKiw g I
b 320 jiy rhJ ngRj (Pick and Speak) Ruf bjh tiff
a -
mif jahj ekJ khy fhzgL fkf
a 315-317 goaLj c o cs bghUf vbdd fk bghUfsh bragLJ vgij goaLj
a -
gl bjhF Ruf bjh tiff glf
a 314 goaLj cnyhfKsit, cnyhfkwit, vbghU fkf
a -
goaLj khy cs cnyhfKsit, cnyhfkwit, vbghU fkf
b 315-317 eoj xU eh rhu iybawh vthW L braghLf elF vgij eoJ fhLj
a -
jft uLj Ruf bjh a 314 ytiugl cyf tiugl UjhJ fhzgL lf
b 316
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fyJiuahl 1.vbghU fkfis ghJfhj 2.vbghU ga gLjhj xU L, bjhrhiy xU eh vthW bragL
a -
1 Foika nja xUikghL
ytiugl a tiugl khyf kW a unjrf mt jiy efufis Fj (y tiugljf cjl)
b - fyJiuahl c o bfhlhL Hhfis g tF fyJiuahLj
a -
goaLj a muR mYtyf bkhf
b - gl bjhF bjah cs f bgw Myaf glfis gwf brJ glbjhF jahJ WF vGJj
a -
glbjhF a tghL jyf, gghL kW ghuga bjhlghd glf
a 322,323 fsgaz VnjD xU tuyhW w f tghL jyfSF miHJ brYj
a -
thj nja xUikghil ghF fhuf
a 324 ehlf kj ezf
a -
xgil ah ntWik xWik
a 324,325 uLj nja xUikghL rhj fij, ghlfis uLj
a -
dho-dh nja xUikghL bjhlghd nff
b 321-325
jft nrfj c mUfhikcs uhk /efu kf r_f,bghUshjhu, f kW RfhjhuFJ jft uLj
a -
fUJ tHFj a - 2 r_f
bghUshjhu uridf
fsgaz jf bfhLfgLs braghL v.4
a 335 thj vGjik
a 328
go kw kf bjhif bgUf tukh? rhgkh?
a 333 xgil kf bjhif bto a 333
goaLj FHij bjhyhs Kiwia xf muR nkbfhl eltoiff
a 321
xLj oF thF kif bghUf iynawij xL ghj
a -
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eoj (VnjD xW) 1. vGjik 2. tWik 3. iyth 4. kf bjhif bgUf
a -
xgil khztUF bjj rhjid bgk g
a -
jft uLj khzt jdJ oF mU cs gJ Lf gojt, gofhj ga jft ulj
a -
ghu VW eoj vGjikah xUt vbfhS uidf.
a -
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6-M tF
ghlf
Foika
ghl - 1 : FLgK rKjhaK
ghl - 2 : rKjhaK g
a
ghl - 1 : , Na FLgK
bghUshjhu
ghl - 1 : bghUshjhu X mKf
tuyhW
ghl - 1 : tuyhWF Kgl fhy
ghl - 2 : J bt ehff
ghl- 3 : gil jHf
cns xbthU ghlY
jf cs tsu braghLf - FA(a) & FA(b) TLj tsu braghLf - FA(a) &FA(b) id git dhjh l tiu bjhFj njfhd kh dhjh
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Foika ghl - 1. FLgK rKjhaK
I. jf braghLf
1. FLg cWd bga vGJj FA(a) (j, c, 5, 148)
2. fUJ TWj (FLg ghJfh)FA(a) (FG, c, 10, 148)
3. mltiz gLJj (cgahsh, bjhyhs, bjhL brnth) FA(b) (FG, c, 10, 1 50
4. irl ghLj (ghuah ghl) FA(a) (j, c, 5, 150)
5. fyJiuahl (TL FLg, jFLg) FA(a) (FG, c, 10, 148-1 50)
I. TLj braghLf
bra 1: FLg ifgl xLj FA(a) khzt FLg ifglij xo cw Kiwfis vG tUj. (j, bt, 1 thu)
bra 2: goaLj (FA)(a) khzt bjUYs j FLgf vjid? TL FLg vjid? vgij goaLj, jdJFLg vtifia rhjJ vd mjfhd fhuzij vGJj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 148)
bra 3: jft uLj FA(a) khzt C/bjU kf vbdd bjhf brwhf vgij flJ jft nrfj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 148)
bra 4: bghkyhl ``vf FLg vw jiy bghkyhl _y FLg wig TWj. (FG, c, 20 )
bra 5: jft uLj khzt jkJ C/khtl cgahfhj Mdh f njitgL bghUf vdbdd? mit vj C/khtl/khyUJ bgwgLwJ vgJ FJ jft uLj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 149)
bra 6 : FW ehlf FA(a) FLg vgJ eth Mjhu vgjid czJ ehlf xiw tFgiw eoj. (FG, c, 10 , 148)
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bra 7: glbjhF jahj FA(a) khztf jf khtlYs RWyh jyf glfis uo
glbjhF jahj. (j, bt, 1 thu)
bra 8: FLg tiugl tiuj (Family tree) FA(a) khzt FLg kW cwdfis glJl tirgLJj myJ gut mltizahf FLg tiuglij tiuj. (Family tree) (j, bt, 1 thu, 150)
id git
rKjha mogil myF FLg . gy r_ff xnwhL xW rhJ, nrJ thtJ rKjha. C, tl, khtl, khy, ehL vd rKjha tilwJ. xUtUbfhUt cj brJ thtjh e, m tsUwJ. FLg cWdf vif FLgJF FLg ntWgLwJ. g Jg Ma czfis xUtUbfhUt gJ bfhL nrJ
thG kf FG r_f vdgL. rKjha, r_f - it uLnk xnwhL xW izj TL thif
mikfshF. FLg vgJ eth Mjhu.
ghl - 2. rKjhaK g
I. jf braghLf
1. bga vGJj ( tF gF cs f Wtdf bgaf FA(a) (j, c, 5, 158)
2. thj brj ( FHijf Kndw TLj gF tgJ g, r_f, FLgFA(a)
(FG, c, 10, 1 58)3. ehlf eoj (ntWik xWik)FA(a)
(FG, c, 10, 1 58) 4. jft uLj (g ts rKjha gF) FA(a)
(FG, c, 10, 1 58) 5. Mnyhrid gj (g tsF)FA(a)
(FG, c, 10, 1 58)6. irl ghLjFA(a)(ghuah ghl jf csJ
(j, c, 5, 155)
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II TLj braghLf bra 1 : goaLj FA(a) khzt, j FLgYs cWdf bgafis goaLj. (j, c, 5 l)
bra 2 : jft uLj FA(a) khzt j bjU cs Lf vif kW bjU cs FLg cWdf vifia fl kh got uj. (10 Lf) (j, bt, 1 thu)
mltiz
t.v FLg cWdf vif
bgatf(bga) taJ atf (bga) taJ
1
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
2
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
bra 3: fij TWj FA (a) khztf ehj, khj j, thu jf btahd ebd fijfis goJ tUj. mtiw tFgiw TWj. (j, c, 5 l)
bra 4 : bra l FA (a) khztf W W FGfshfnth / jahfnth fhQ ntiyfis
brj. (j / FG, 5/10 ) 1. g tshfij Rj brj 2. yfij Rj brj tFgiwia Rj brj 3. fUgyifia Rj brj 4. bgh bkhfis vGJj 5. Figfis mfWj
bra 5 : j eo FA(a) khztf j eo _y fhiy vGjJ Kj u gLifF brYtiu cs cs ffis eoJ fhLj. (j, c, 10 , 154)
bra 6: goaLj FA(a) tF rf khzt egfis goaLj. (j, c, 5 , 154)
bra 7 : glbjhF jahj FA(a) khztf gntW khy kf thif Kiw ga glfis uo nrfJ glbjhF xid jahj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 155)
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bra 8 : fyJiuahl FA(a) g khztf Mw ntoa flikf, rKjha khztf Mw ntoa flikf vbdd vgJ g tFgiw fyJiuahl fJj. (FG, c, 20 , 154) id git
rKjha midJ KndwfSF mogilahd KjL f. FHijf tUfhy rKjha Fokf. g xbthU braY rKjha vghfis iwnt jUtjh
mikwJ. g rKjha isy. g khztf xGF Kiwia filof ntL.
a ghl - 1. , Na FLgK
I jf braghLf
1. fsgaz fhsuf brW ghitl FA(a) (tF, bt, 1 eh, )
2. glbjhF nfhf glfis uLj FA(a)(j, bt, 5eh, )
3. kh jahj Na FLg FA(a)(j, bt, 5eh, )
4. fUJ TWj (Snlh X nfhsy - FA (a) (j, c, 3 l) 5. cW nehf ( u thid cW neh FbgGJj) FA(a)
(j, bt, 5eh, ) 6. FWbfGJ ( nfhf bgaf) FA(b)
(j, c, 20 l)
II TLj braghLf
ghl - 1. , Na FLgK
bra 1: gnrhjid brj - ybth nk Gj njitahd cgfuzf: milbgo -1 , bkGFt- 1, W gJ 1, ugf Toa bghUf (KfghF fzho/t fhj)
milbgoia vLJ bfhL U gFfshf J bfhSj. bgo xU gF bkGFtia (Na) bghUJf. kW gF W g ugf Toa t fhjij xLf myJ KfghF fzhoia bghUJf. btr myJ xahdJ fhj myJ fzho nk GJ
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ugJ mil kw gF Gtij ghfyh. njngh Na x
ru nkgL nk GwJ vgij khzt j. (FG, c, 20 )
bra 2: bra l
khztf mkhthir, bgsz vthW VgLwJ vgij JbfhS neh VJthf, jftfis uo bralkhf jahf brJ rkj. (khztf, jfnyh, brjhfnyh, thu jfnyh jftfis uo rkj). (FG/j , bt, 1 thu)
bra 3: cWnehf kW goaLj FA(b) njitahd bghUf: cyf cUil kh (Globe), bkGFt / lh cyf cUil khia vLJ bfhf. v bkGFia mj (Fnsh) Kghf W itf. bkGFia Na vd bfhf. btr gL lij (cyf cUil) gf vd, btr glhj l u vd mJ bfhf. cyf cUil btr gL gF cs ehLfis, glhj gF cs ehLfis cW neh tU mltizia brj. (j, c, 15 , 158)
t.v btr gL gF ehLf(gf) btr glhj gF ehLf (u)
bra 4: cWnehf FA(a) njitahd bghUf: cyf cUil kh (Globe), MuR gH khztf cyf cUil khia bfhL tot vthW mj
m mikJ (23E)csJ vgij mj MuR / M gHfis bfhL tot JUt gF mikJs
j g, eL gF vthW mikJsJ (Geoid) vgij JbfhSj. (j, c, 20, 158)
bra 5: kh (Models) jahj FA(a) braghofhd tKiwf: njitahd bghUf: fk, fhj, shl M gh (Plaster of paris)
khztfl tz fk, fhj T, shl M gh bfhL khia brJ rkf brj. (j, bt, 3 ehf, 160) bra 6: jft uLj khztf, Na FLg cstiw mJ, njitahd jftfis uo, bralkhf jahJ rkj. (glfis, jftfis khztf brjhfnyh, jfnyh uo bralij nkbfhs brJ kL brj). (j/FG, bt, 1 thu, 160) bra 7: glbjhF jahj FA(a) khztf, Na FLg cs nfhf glij uo glbjhF jahj. (j / FG, bt, 1 thu, 161)
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bra 8: jiyigbaho ngRj ( Pick and Speak) FA(a) njitahd bghUf: a bgo (Box) / 1, glf/thijf vGa milf
Na FLg cs nfhf kW Jiznfhf Mat bga/glf xoa JL oid milbgo nghl brj. khztfis jjahf miHJ glf/bgaf vGjgl JL oid vLf brJ, mit ga fUJfis cldoahfnth myJ XU ehfnyh jah brJ tFgiw TWj. (j, c, 3 , 162) bra 9: gnfW eoj FA(a) khztf Na FLgYs nfhf, Jiznfhfshf, jhnd gnfW eoj. (j, c, 5 , 162-164)
bra 10: JQF br jf jahj (Scrab book preparation) FA(a) khztf Na FLgYs nfhf Jiznfhf nghwtiw
ga jftfis uo JQF br jf jahJ rkj. (j, 1 thu, 162 - 164)
bra 11: cWnehf kW goal FA(a) khztf yh thd njhW neuij cWneh xU thufhd neuij mJ tU mltiz goaL tFgiw TWj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 164)
t.v eh khiy neuKj ehSF ulh ehSF
ilna cs fhy ilbt
1 PhW
2 f
3 brth
4 j
5 ahH
6 bt
7 r
bra 12: xgil mif jah FA(a)
khztf mlYs ght ml, nfhf, Jiznfhf, Na,
vff, ff, theru tiw ga brfis uo xgil jah
brJ rkj. (j, bt, 165-167)
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id git
f DDF nfhf uhf xU. nfhf xnu iy Ugiy. btW ffsh j, bt, brth, ahH, r Ma IJ nfhfis
kLnk ghf Ko. j, bt Ma nfhf Na cjaF rW K Na kiwj
ygL. bjhLthd mUnf fhiy Na cjaF K bt nfh
fhzgL. ijna obt vW miHg. brth, ahH, r Mait Hnyh, jiyF nknyh, nknyh bj nkUJ Hnf neh RHwJ. mjdh Na H njh
nk kiwtJ ngh njhWwJ. fhW klyK, U Ugjh cdf thH KowJ. thd kly Na FLgij ju Fs nfhf, theru, v
eru MaitfS csd.
bghUshjhu ghl - 1. bghUshjhu X mKf
I. jf braghLf 1. bral FLg khj, tUl tUkhd bryl jahjFA(a)
(j, bt, 30eh, )
2. jah brygoa jahj ( khzt bry)FA(a)(j, bt, 3eh, )
3. iygoa xL (aha yfil kW w filf)FA(a)(j, bt, 1 thu)
4. jf thj ( mah br)FA(a) (j, bt, 1 thu)
5. eoj (cgahs, tf, Efnth)FA(a)(FG, c, 10, )
6. FG thj (rKjhaF Kakhdtf cgahsnu, tfnu) FA(a) (FG, c, 10, )
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II TLj braghLf tsu nrhjid braghLf: FA(a) bra 1: goaLj FA(a)
t.v f kUJt tf
(Ma _W Jiwf cnshiu goaLgo khztfl TWj) (j,
c, 10 , 170)
bra 2: jeg tUkhdij fzL brJ mif rkj FA(a)
Ma, khztf jkJ jij myJ jh XuhL tUkhdij
(#dt Kj org Koa) fzL 12 khj tUkhdij To 12M tFJ
fzL brj. (j, bt, 1 eh, 170)
bra 3: cWneh jft uo goaLj FA(a)
khztf 6 ng bfhl 5 FGfshf J C rijia cWneh jft uo goal. goal fl uL dhf nffgl ntL. (FG, bt, 1 eh, 170)
1) rij ilF bghUf ahit?
2) rij f thF bghUf ahit?
bra 4: eoj FA(a)
khztf MW ng bfhl FGfshf J Ut cgahsfshf
Ut tffshf Ut bghU thFgtfshf eoj. (FG, cns, 30
, 170)
bra 5: FLg mil gaghLfis goaLj FA(a)
khzt j oYs FLg milia vjbfyh gagLjyh vW goaLj. (j, c, 15 , 171)
bra 6: jft uLj FA(a)
khztf yf brW mkahbr ga jffis goJ, brjhf, bjhiyfh bgW brf _yK mkah br gl xo jftfis vGJj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 171)
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bra 7: tu bry l kL jahj FA(a)
xU khj j bgnwh tUkhdK bry mJ tu bry l jahj. (j, bt, 1 eh, 171)
bra 8: thj FA(a)
rKjhaF f Kakhdtf cgahsfns! tffns! vw jiy FGthj brj. (FG, bt, 20, 170)
id git kj mogil njitf cz, cil, ciw MF. ntshik eho KJbfYghF. bghUfis cg brnth cgahs. bghUfis th gt
gidahs. bghUfis th gagLJgt Efnth. cHtf, bjhyhsf, gahsf Mnah gfh eho tUkhdij
bgUFwd. ij ehL tUth vnwh. jahf xUtUF kL ilF tUkhd jeg tUkhd vdgL. midtU mogil njitfis bgWtJ g MF. cg, Ef, g vgJ bghUshjhu mogilf. thFtJ gJ eilbgW l rij. bghUfis th gJ thg.
tuyhW ghl - 1. tuyhWF Kgl fhy
I jf braghLf
1. jft nrfj (fbtLf, id df ghJ)FA(a) (j, bt, 3eh, ) 2. goaLj (f gaghL)FA(a) (j, c, 10, ) 3. glf kW brf uLj (mfth bjhlilait)FA(a) (FG, bt, 3eh, ) 4. thj ( Mkj rfu fL ojjfhd fhuz) FA(a) (j, c, 10, ) 5. fsgaz (ffhy fUf ilj lfis ghitL FbgGJj) FA(a) (tF, bt, 3eh, )6. y tiugl lfis Fj FA(b)
(j, c, 10, )
II TLj braghLf bra 1: fyJiuahLj FA (a)
jiy: `M kj V xnu gF iyahf thHhk l bgaJ thjh
vgjfhd fhuzf g fyJiuahLj (FG, c, 20, 174)
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bra 2: brbjhF jahj FA (a)
khztf brjh bttj bjhbghU M myJ gHfhy
ehzaf, iyf nghwt jftfis uo tFiw mJ g TWj.
(FG, bt, 1 thu, 174)
bra 3: goaLj FA (a)
khztf jf o tsfgL yFf vbdd? mtiw
ghJfhf vbdd Kaf nkbfhs ntL vgJ g goa jahj.
tha w: Mkj czfhf ntilahodh ed fhy kj
yFfis neJ thwh vgij czJ ghJfhj. (j, c, 5, 176)
bra 4: eoJ fhLj FA (a) Mkj edfhy kj tfSilna fhQ ntWghLfis Fghf
cz, cil, thGl, jft bjhl g eoJ fhLj. (FG, c, 15, 176)
bra 5: fsgaz brW mif jahj FA (a) khztf ca mDk bgW khtlYs mUfhafJF brW
(fsgaz) ghitL mif jahJ gHfhy df wfis mj. (FG, bt, 1eh)
bra 6: kh jahj FA (a) khztf giHa ffhy kW a ffhy fUf khia fk
bfhL jahJ mjF tz o tFgiw fhF itj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 176-177)
tsu kL braghLf FA(b) bra 1: tiugl Fj FA(b)
jehL mua tiugl Mkj thj gFfis FJ fhLj. khztf brhj khtl Mkhj thj gFf VnjD U mlij tz Lj. (j, c, 15 , 176) bra 2: dhodh FA(b)
khztf U FGfshf J ghl bfhLfgLs Ka fhyf, Ka lf, Ka jftfis goJ tUj nkY tFgiw dhodh fJj. (FG, c, 30 )
id git
ekF Kd thj kf ga jftfis MjhufSl bjhFJ fhy tirgo TWtJ tuyhW MF.
tuyhid tuyhW fhy, tuyhWF Kija fhy vd uL tifahf fyh.
yaf, tuyhW Ff, fbtLf br glaf XiyRtof nghwit vGJ tkhd Mjhuf MF.
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Mkj gagLa ffUfis bfhL ffhyij giHa ffhy, a ffhy vd ulhf fyh.
M kj K ffis gagL beUig clhdh. aif ghUJ jid ghJfhJ bfhs, iy, jiH, ,
kugilf, yFf njh Matiw Milahf gagLdh. M kj fuL Kulhd ff, kuisf vYf, yFf bfhf
Kjatiw fUfshf gagLdh. kj Kj gHa yF eh. a ffhy Ka khw cz cg MF. kj Kj Kj gagLa cnyhf br MF. a ffhy fUf ilJs lf, Ubent, jhFo,
Jnfhil, U, nry. Udh fUf brj fhy U fhy MF.
ghl : 2. J bt ehff
I. jf braghLf
1. FG thj ( ehfff V Mwfiu njhd)FA(a)
(FG, c, 10, ) 2. jft uLj ( efu vgJ lL mikgJ)FA(a)
(FG, bt, 3 ehf) 3. fsgaz ( mUfhaf)FA(a)
(tF, bt, 1 eh) 4. tiugl Ka lfis FjFA(b)
(j, c, 10, )
II TLj braghLf
bra 1: bral FA(a)
bkhfrjhnuh vwh LfhL nkL vW bghU. khzt C/ef
bgaUfhd fhuzij bgnahfl nfL bjJ vG tUj.
(FG, bt, 1 thu, 181)
bra 2: xL goa FA(a)
xU KGjhis brFJ th ulhf J lJ w bgUFs
wgrfis xw xwhf vGJj. tyJ w khzt C Fs
mrfis xL brJ vGJj. j CYs Fsij vgobayh bra
ntL vd vGJj. (j/FG, c, 15 , 182)
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bra 3: cq ghit (Local Visit) & FG thj FA(a)
khzt C cs bghJfllfis ghitL mitf ahuh vgo
guhkfggLwd vw tuij uLj. mt guhkig nkgLj
vbdd brayh vgij thJ vGJj. (FG, c/bt, 183)
bra 4: mltiz FA(a)
J bt fhzgl Lf wgrfis, khzt likl
xL brJ xU mltiz jahj. uo vj L wjJ? fhuz vd
vd TWj. (j, c, 15 , 183)
bra 5: fyJiuahl FA(a)
J bt efu mikig khzt j C/efu mikl xL brJ
mltiz jah brj. vbjj tif jdJ C/efu mikig nkgLj
ntL vgij FG fyJiuaho g brj. (FG, c, 30, 183)
bra 6: gl tiuj FA(a)
Augh efu mikUj Lf wgrfis xU Kiw goJghJ
khzt fl U fd il xU KG jh glkhf tiuJ, xbthU
miw bgaiu vG xgil brj. (j, c, 10 , 183)
bra 7: fgid fLiu vGJj FA(a)
khzt C jiytuhf Ujh C rhiyfS, bjUfS vgo UF
vd fgid brJ xU fLiu tiuj. (j, c, 30 )
bra 8: goa jahf FA(a)
xU il KGikahf fo Kof vbjj bjhyhsf gagLwhf
vd goaLj. (FG/j, c, 15 , 182-183)
bra 9: jufis ifahSj FA(a)
jf gf 185 cs gf glfis cWghj. mit ga
brfis L xU Kiw goj. gf jkF TW jftf (J bt
kf) g vGJj, (FG, c, 15, 15)
bra 10: goa jahj FA(a)
J rkbt ehff fhy HfUj ifbjhfis goaLj.
tW W tHf cs ifbjhfis milahs fhQj. it ju
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khztUF bjj ifbjhfis goaLj. mtW jkF ojkhd
ifbjhf ahit vd vGJj. mjfhd fhuzij jUj.
(j, c, 15, 186)
bra 11: goa jahj & fLiu tiuj FA(a)
J bt FHijf isahL bghUf bra gagl bghUf g
mtW W gagLjgL bghUf vbdd vgJ g jkF bjj
isahLf g mtW jkF oj isahLfis goaLj
nkY, isaho eikfis tj. (FG, bt, 1 thu, 186)
bra 12: cWnehf kW tj FA(a)
jf gf 185 cs glfis cWghj. mfy xbthWF
bgaLj. tW W Mfsh magL mfyf, bgfsh
magLgit kW UtuhY magLgit vit vd goaLj (j, c /
bt, 15 )
bra 13: FGthj - FA(a)
Jbt ehff fhy gagLjgl Kiuf glfis
cWghj. mit vgobagobayh vjfhf gagLjgoUF vd,
jnghJ Kiuf vjfhf gagLjgLwd vd, FG thJ
mif jah brj. (FG, c / bt, 15 186)
bra 14: xgil FA(a)
a kf ghuga cilf g mt wgrf FJ
jftfis uo xU xgil jah brj (FG, c, 15 )
bra 15:fyJiuahl FA(a) khztf jfSF bjj fiyf g FG fyJiuaho xU goa
jah brj. mtW jkF oj fiyf kW jh ff U fiyf g F jUj. FG, c / bt, 15 187)
bra 16:khf jahj FA(a)
J bt kf iftz fiyfis g jf goJ ghj.
fk/ikjhkh jh U bghUf khifs brJ vLJ tUj. (j,
bt, 5 ehf. 187)
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bra 17: fLiu vGJj FA(a)
J bt kf tza bjtf kW bghUf W tzfgL
bjtf kW bghUf g, kj ezf ga khztf fUJfis
bjhFJ jUj. (FG, c, 15 , 187)
bra 18: FGthj FA(a)
J bt kf rlyfSl ijj bghUf, mjfhd fhuzf, W
rlyfSl vfgL/ijfgL bghUf mj cbghU g bgatfl
nfL vG tUj, ijj ewh? vj ewh? RW NHiy ghfhj Kiw
ntW VnjD clh vd thJ xU mif jah brj. (FG, bt, 2 ehf, 187)
bra 19: jft uLj
jkJ RW tlhu mJ nghd / kf bjhif FiwJ nghd C/efu
VnjD Ujh, mffhd fhuzfis bgatfl nfL
vG tUj.(j, bt, 5ehf, 187)
bra 20: fh kD jahj FA(a),
khzt jdJ C rF RWNH nfil KiwgLj ca
mYtyUF xU fh kD jah brj. (j, c, 15)
tsu kL braghLf FA(b)
bra 22 ytiugl ntiy FA(b)
a wt ytiu gl grh gh 5 efis bkhfrjhnuh
rhFjhnuh, fgf kW nyhjh nghw efufis Fj. mitf
jnghJ vj eho/khy csd vW F jUj. (j, c, 10, 182)
id git
J bt ehff a ehff bjhlf MF Augh vw J bkh brhYF ijl efu vgJ bghU Jbt ehff efu oghLf bkhfrjhnuh, Augh, rhFjhnuh,
fgf nyhj nghw lf fblLfgLsd. J bt kf wj ehff Kiwia bgUFs, folf, efu
mik, MKiw, ghjhs rhfil, gaghL ma, thif Kiw Mat _y mayh
Jbt kf vGJKiw u vGJKiw MF
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Jbt kf bluhnfhlh (TERRACOTTA)vdgL RLk ghl brt wik ftf
Jbt kfSF Fiuia g bjahJ.
ghl - 3. gil jHf
I. jf braghLf 1. kh jahj Itif yfFA(a) (j, bt, 1 thu, ) 2. thj brj ( eh bfhlhL Hhf) kia jUwdth FA(a) (FG, c, 10, )
3. Lfijf ( Itif yf rhJ) FA(b) (j, c, 1 , )
II TLj braghLf tsu kL braghLf FA(a)
bra 1 : fyJiuahl FA(a)
rf fhy fl thg jHf wJ sd vgJ FJ FG fyJiuahLj. (FG, c, 20 , 195) bra 2: kh uLj FA(a) khztf VnjD U bkhf bttU dr giffUJ W gFfis bjhFJ bkh vGJ tot g TWj. (j, bt, 3 ehf) bra 3: irl ghLj FA(a)
`brj ehblD nghny vw ghliy irl ghLj. nkY njr g ghlfis ghLj. (j, c, 5 , 189) bra 4: bga goa jahj FA(b) filnaG tsf bgaf, gJghL f bgaf, vLbjhif f bgaf Matiw vGJj. (j, c, 20 , 193) bra 5: FW ehlf FA (a) `ahndh mur ahnd ft vw jiy FWehlf jahJ eoj.
(c, FG, 30 , 192) bra 6: jft uLj FA (a)
khztf jhf tF gF (jf C) gilfhy vj nguu
UjJ vW, C w g jft uo tFgiw gj. (j, c,
3 ehf)
bra 7: ICT - fhbzh fh glfis bfhL fyJiuahl FA(a) khztf gil jHf ga fhbzh fh glfis iza jsUJ gwf brJ, tFgiw bjh Egij (f, LCD) gagL mij midJ khztfS ghJ fyJiuahl. (j, c, 15 )
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tsu kL braghLf FA(b) bra 1: mltiz jahj FA(b) nru, nrhH, ghoa kdf d, bfho, JiwKf, jiyefu Mat mltiz jahj. (j, c, 20 , 192) bra 2: tiugl Fj FA(b) bja ygl nru, nrhH, ghoa kdf M gFia tz o kj. (j, c, 10 )
id git gil jHf _ntjf nru, nrhH, ghoa kdf Mld. tuyhW fhyF Kd FkKidF bjnf cs Jkh fl gF xU bgU
ygughf UjJ. Jnt Fk fl vW miHfglJ kJiu ghoa kd jiyik ytf To j M ela wgh ef
Tl vW bga bgwJ. Kj rf, ilrf, filrf vd _W tif rff bragld by_ vD Fud bgauh by_ah fl vW bga bgwJ F, Kiy, kUj, bej, ghiy vW yij IJ aif fshf rf fhy
ytf jd tUzhuk mogil, wdhnyna ntWik ghuhL iy rf fhy iy filbaG tsf, gh, X, fh, e, v, ngf, M Mnah Mt.
r_f ma 6M tF dhjh ltiu
Kj gUt 2012
(June September)
t. v
ghl
mj j Ms Mw
bkhjwta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
1 tuyhW 2 (1) 2 (2) 2 (1) 1 (2) 1 (5) 2 (1) 2(2) 1 (5) 1 (6) 32
2 a 2 (1) 1 (2) 2 (1) 2 (2) 1 (5) 2 (1) 3 (2) 1 (5) 28
3 Foika 1 (1) 1 (2) 1 (1) 1 (5) 1 (1) 10
4 bghUshjhu 1 (1) 1 (2) 1 (5) 1 (1) 1 (1) 10
bkhj kbg 6 10 5 6 6 15 6 10 10 6 80
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F: milF ( ) kbg = 60 milF btna dhf
tuyhW - 40% mj - 25% a - 35% j - 35% Foika - 12.5% Ms - 30% bghUshjhu - 12.5% Mw - 10% . w ta dh 30% F. FW a dh 35%
f. fLiu dh 35%
r_f ma - Mwh tF
Kj gUtnj (bjhFj kL) kh dhjh
fhy: 1.30 kbgf: 60 I. gy bj 10x1=10
1. bjhiy neh kLnk ygL nfh m) j M) nud ) ahH
2. tUkhd yhjt njitia iwntWtJ. m) cg M) Ef ) g
3. rij bghUf mfkhf FbghJ iy m) mfkhF M) Fiw ) khwhJ
4. rKjha cUthj ga tuf tUtdt vJ rahdJ? m) rKjha - FLg - jeg - r_f M) jeg - FLg - r_f - rKjha ) FLg - rKjha - jeg - r_f
5. xU o jhjh, gho, mgh, mkh U FHijf csd, mJ xU m) a kW j FLg M) bga kW TL FLg ) a kW
TLFLg 6. rfu fLofgl fhy
m) giHaffhy M) a ffhy ) br fhy 7. tuyhW fhyij tuyhWF Kgl fhyij f cj Mjhuf
m) ffUf M) ijf ) vGJ Mjhuf 8. c C mfthuh brbghGJ vYdh Md ifo fyh Md
mth nghw mikila xU fU iljJ vwh, mJ vfhyij rhjjhf UF. m) giHaffhy M) a ffhy ) br fhy
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9. jfhy khoLfis Jbt LfUJ ntWgL fhLtJ m) rika miw M) #d ) Fayiw
10. Jbt kf kWth eif bfhoUjd vw TWF tYnrgJ m) mtf t tghL M) mfsfnshL wjtiu ijj ) jhol Toa Rzhf iy
II nfhol lij uf 5x1=5
11. ahnfhil fhy v mnkfhF gUt 12. ru Naid R tUjh mJ vd miHf goUF. 13. xU FLg jij khj - %, 5000
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35. bghUshjhu ts - F vHJf 36. r_f, rKjha xLf. 37. l nfhfSF th nfhfSF cs ntWghLfis vGJf
VI. a tiugl fhQ lfis Ff. 6x1=6 38. 1) nyhjh 2) J 3) ry{ 4) bkhfrjhnuh 5) kakiy 6)tfhs Flh
7M tF
tuyhW
ghl - 1 : tl a muRf
ghl - 2: jfhz muRf
ghl - 3: bja muRf
a
ghl - 1 : , mj mik kW y eff
ghl - 2 : nkgu-kh bfhoUF ynfhs nkgu
Foika
ghl - 1 : ekJ ehL
ghl - 2 : a mua mik w TWf
cns xbthU ghlY
jf cs tsu braghLf - FA(a) & FA(b) TLj tsu braghLf - FA(a) &FA(b) id git dhjh l tiu bjhFj njfhd kh dhjh
tuyhW
ghl - 1. tl a murf uhruf
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I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 212-214) braghL 1: tiuglntiy FA(a) a tiugl M{, ehsjh, fndh{ gj f, bl nfhdh Ma lfis FJ mit jnghJ vbgauh miHfgLwJ vgij mit cs khyf bgafis vGJj (FG, c, 10 )
braghL 2: ehlf eoj FA(a) nrU thHyh, U na (FG, c, 10 )
braghL 3: vGJfis KiwgL ilfis fhz FA(b) (j, c, 05 )
braghL 4: eh ah? FA(b) (j, c, 05 )
braghL 5: FWbfGJ g FA (b) (j, c 05 )
braghL 6: kd tiugl FA(b) (FG, c, 10 )
braghL 7: mltiz uj FA(b) (j, c, 10 )
II. TLj braghLf braghL 1: ehlf FA(a)
Mia mikgjfhd nghuhl vw g aikahj bria
sF tif (FGthf) Cik ehlfkhf/ehlfkhf khztf eoJfhLj.
(FG, c, 10 , 205)
braghL 2: fij Tw FA(a)
ufhuf Fj brfis fijahf vG tF TWj (nj nghW
kw kud Fj brfis FG FGthf Tw brj. (FG, c, 10 , 205)
braghL 3: goa jah brj - FA(b)
xU jhid brFJ th ulhf koJ lJw ufhu ku
mur bgafis xw xwhf vG xbthUt rhjidfis
mtutUF nenu tyJw vG xgilj (nj nghW kw ku murf
rhjidfis FG J goal brayh)
(FG, c, 10 , 206)
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braghL 4: j tuyhW TWj - FA(a)
khztfis 4 FGthf J xbthU FGit ghy ku xU mur
bgaiu njbjLf brj. njbjLj mur L mtfis rjh
vd brfis brhth vd vGj brj. vGa jtuyhiw FG jiytnuh,
myJ FG cWd xbthUtU WW gFfshfnth tF ngr brj.
(FG, c, 30 , 206)
braghL 5: fhynfhL jah brj - FA(b)
ghyf FJ fhynfhL jah brj. (F: ..865-998 vw fhy
ilbtF `tikaw kdf vd Fj) (j, c, 10 , 206)
fhy nfhil gagL fhQ dhfSF ilaf brj.
1. l fhy M brj ghy ah? mt vjid MLf M brjh?
2. Fiwj fhy M brj ghy ah? mt vjid MLf M
brjh?
3. ghy ku vjid MLfhy tl ahit M brjJ?
braghL 6: ehlf trd vGJj - FA(a)
fndh{ gFfhf _W murfilna nghuhl vw g cs
beia bt bfhzu xU Xuf ehlffhd ciuahl (FGthf) jahJ
tF goJ fhLj. (FG, c, 30 , 206)
braghL 7: glbjhF jahj - FA(a)
ilfhy tl a murf cUtglf mukidf, folf,
gf, nfhf Kjat glfis uo glbjhF jahj.
xbthU glij g W F vGJj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 205-210)
braghL 8: mltiz uj FA(b)
tl a muRf
tr gF jiyefu Kj murwj mur
fil mur
tr rhjid
(j, c, 30, 205-210)
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braghL 9: fUJ gl - FA(a)
ufhufSF iu brY j M mikj mur trf g sf
xU fUJgl tiuj. (j, c, 15, 205-206)
id git:
1. uhruf Na Fy myJ ruFy t tjtf. 2. ghy kuig bjhlat nfhghy (..765-769). 3. brsfh kdf f Kakhd kd uh{ brsfh
Mth. 4. uhruf Jkjij ngh tsjd. 5. tf fhy yaf fAd vGa uh#ju, b#anjt
jnfhj, nrhknjt fjhrj rhfu Mad wghd gilf MF.
6. nfhdh cs NanfhY, mkiy flgLs thuh nfhY uhru fhy folfiyF wj vLJfhLf.
ghl - 2. jfhz muRf
I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 223 - 224)
bra 1: tiugl ntiy FA(b) a tiugl Ka efufis Fj (j, c, 5 ) bra 2: idthw nrhjid FA(b)
( j, c, 5 ) bra 3: gl bjhF FA(a)
jfhz kdf fhyij nrj, fol fiy, Xa bjhlghd glfis uo gl bjhF xiw brj. (j, c, 5 ) bra 4: FG thj FA(a) vf kd kung wjJ (FG, c 10 ) bra 5: Rtbuho jah brj FA(a)
jfhz f wj kd vW khzt fUJgtiu th Rtbuho xiw jah brj. (FG, c, 10 ) bra 6: jiyig xo ngRj FA(a)
kd/jf/jf Ma/mfhy fol Kja jiyig g y jftfis Tw brj. (FG, c, 5 )
II. TLj braghLf bra 1: gl tiuj FA (a) khztf jf C myJ khtl viyfis fhL gl tiuJ vG tUj (FG, bt, 1 eh) bra 2: ku t gl tiuj FA (a) khzt j jij, jij jij (mjhtJ jhjh) thW tirgL 3 myJ 5 jiyKiwf bgafis bjhFJ goaLj. (j, bt, 1 eh)
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bra 3 : fhy nfhL tiuj FA(a) bAhrhs tr kdf fhy Ka ffis sF fhynfhL tiuj (j, c, 10 lf, g. 215) bra 4: tiugl tz l FA(a) a y tiugl jfhzij 6 Kj 8M whL tiu M brj muRfis btntW tzfis o milahs fhQj. (j, c, 10 , g. 216) bra 5 : glbjhFjahj FA(a)
rhSa kdf fll fiyia sF glfis jff kW izajsUJ bgW glbjhFjahj (j, bt, 2 ehf, 218-19) bra 6: fsgaz FA(a)
VnjD xU Filtiu nfhYF (khkyu) miHJ brW ghlYs Filtiu nfhYl xLj, jft uLj, bjhFj. (FG, bt, 2 ehf, 217-18)
bra 7: dho dh FA(b) el Kofgl ghl gF dho dh el kbg tHFj. (tF, c, 15 , 218-220) bra 8: xgil FA(a)
uhou Tlf gf g kwjffUJ jftfis uo xgil brj. (j, bt, 2 ehf, 219) bra 9: fij Tw FA(a) bAhrhsf ga fij xiw vG tF Tw (FG, c, 5 , 220) bra 10: fhy nfhL tiuj FA(a) fhfaf fhya kdf fhy nfhL tiuj (FG, c, 10 e, 220) bra 11: trht gl tiuj FA(a)
ahjt kdf g trht gl tiuj (j, c, 10 , 222)
bra 12: mltizgLJj FA (b) t.v tr gF jiyefu Kj mur wj mur fil mur
1 rhSa
2
(j, c, 15, 218 -222)
id git:
1. ah bjF gFahdJ `jfhz myJ `jrzgj vd
miHfgLwJ.
2. thjh rhSaf jiyefukh saJ.
3. euktk ulh nf J gilbaLJ, nfia bfhwh.
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4. fhy nkiy rhSa kuig bjhla mur ulh ijygh Mth.
5. bt iH rhSaf jiyefukhF.
6. InAhny, `anfh fllfiy bjho vd wfgLwJ.
7. v~glh Fif nfhiyfo Kojtf uhouTlf.
8. njt nfhil ahjtfsh flglJ.
ghl - 3. bja muR
I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 241)
bra 1: y tiugl ntiy FA(b) a tiugl Ka efufis Fj (j, c, 10 )
bra 2: glbjhF FA(a) bja nguuRf fiy kW folfiy (j, c, 1 thu)
bra 3: fgaz FA(a)
gyt / nrhH / ghoa bjhlghd lf (tF, bt, 1 eh) bra 4: isahL FA(b) kdfsJ bgaiu mtfsJ w bganuhL izj (FG, c 5 )
bra 5: ehj jahj FA(a) gyt / nrhH / ghoa vw jiy (FG, bt, 2 ehf)
II. TLj braghLf bra 1: mltiz jahj FA (b) khztf, gyt fhy kdf bga kW mtf w bgaf goa jahJ tFgiw TWj. (j eg, c, 10 , 225-227)
bra 2: mltiz jahj FA (b) nru, nrhH, ghoaf jiyefu, JiwKf, d, wj mur bga mltizahf jahJ tF tHFj. (j , c, 10 )
bra 3: glK jftY FA (a)
th Rth glij W mil xo, mtiu ga jftfis uo W F vGJj. (j ,bt, 2 ehf, 226)
bra 4: dh-il Twj FA (a) fLkhd nfhf, Filtiu nfhf mikJs lf bgaiu Tw brJ kbg tHFj. (j, c, 10 , 238)
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bra 5: fyJiuahl FA (a) nrhHfhy Flnthiy KiwnahL jfhy csh njjiy xL fyJiuahl fJj. (FG, c, 10 , 231)
bra 6: glK sfK - FngL jahj FA (a)
jeho cs Ka nfhf glfis uo, mnfhf ahuh vnghJ flglJ vgJ ga F jahj. (FG, bt, 3 ehf)
bra 7: jft uLj - mif jahj FA (a)
khztf mtf C cs nfhf vj tifia rhjJ vd, mit ahuh, vnghJ flglJ vgJ g jft uLj. (j, bt, 3 ehf, 226)
bra 8: fsgaz FA (a)
gyt fhy fiy, fll fiy wfis ma khkyuF fsgaz brW mif jahj. (tF, bt, 1 eh)
bra 9: jft uLj FA (a)
khztfl mtf C myJ khtl gila kdf (nru, nrhH, ghoa, gyt) ahUila MF cgl gFbad nfL jft uLgo TWj. (j, btna, 1 eh)
id git :
1. Kjyh euktk, khky vd thjh bfhlh vd
miHfglh. t Kjyh knfutk kf Mth.
2. khkyu cs xiwf ujf kW fh ifyhrehj nfh
gyt fhy fll fiyF wj vLJfhLf MF.
3. uh#uh#nrhH ..1010 M ML jrh utu nfhiy
fodh. tUF KKo nrhH, b#abfhlh vw w bgafS
cL.
4. fif bfhl nrhHu uhn#u nrhHdh cUthfglJ.
5. iwa fehlf irF nrhH fhyjh lglJ.
6. uhkhaz, gUUKiwf, ehyhu augj Kjad
nrhHfhyjh bjhFfglJ.
7. Uthrf khfthrfuh awglJ.
8. ghoaf Filtiunfhfis cUthFt w bgUjd.
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a
ghl - 1. mj mik kW y eff
I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 256)
bra 1: xgil FA (a) yh{ bAuh bfhyhl fUia ga jftfis uo mJ vthW bgU
bto bfhifia nrhjidl gagLwJ vgij tJ vG rkj. (FG, c, 1 thu, 245) bra 2: kh jahj FA(a) csikig kh brJ 3 mLFfis sFj. (FG, 247) njitgL bghUf: tz gl t (Red), y (Blue) , gir (Green).
js , fk nghJkhd ms br Kiw: Kj iy: gf 247- bfhLJsgo, csik 3 mLFfis bfhLsJ. Kj js fk vLJ t tzis fyJ nghJkhd ms nrJ W cUil brJ bfhs. ulh iy: J fkQl gG w tzis fyJ, J C jilahf brJ Kj iy brj cUilia vLJ jil itJ cUilahfr bra. _wh iy: J fkQl gir, gG, t w tzis fyJ jilahf brJ, ulh iy brj cUilia eL itJ cUilahf brj. xUeh fJ mij tFgiwF bfhL tJ cUilahf csJ vW mij ulhf bto 3 w cs mLFfshd XL, ftr kW fUtij sFj. bra 3: tiuglntiy FA (a) cy VjhtJ gJ s gsjhFfis mJ cyf tiugl Fj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 251) bra 4: kh jahj nkhuh gl tiuj (j, c, 10, 251) bra 5: thj FA (a)
vkiy cth VgL eik ikfis thj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 252)
II. TLj braghLf bra 1: jLf eftij tiffis mj FA(a)
jLf viyfis cyf tiugl tiuJ, eh thG njh-Mnua jLF kL tz Lj. (j, c, 10 , 245) bra 2: nrhjid brj FA (a)
kakiy tUlF 5.. msF caJ bfhnl brtij nrhjid _y mj. njitgL bghUf: kumil (Card Board) 30 br. x 15 br. 1, WW ff kW gir. jhtuf
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br Kiw: kumil (Card Board) nk gF girjl mjnk WW ff, W jhtuf nghwtiw gu y njhw ngh cUth, gftho U iffsh ne v ir mGj bfhLF nghJ mil eLgF caJ tis ngh fhzgL. nj nghW jLf efthY mGjjhY a ynjhwf myJ jnghJs y njhwf khwf VgLwd. JnghW kakiy caJ bfhnl tUwJ vgij tj. (FG, c, 2 ehf, 246) bra 3: y eLf kW vkiy bto FA(a) y eLf vthW VgLwJ, vkiy tiff, gutf t eik ikf Matiw glJl mif jahJ xgilj. (j, bt, 4 ehf, 250 - 254) bra 4: tiugl ntiy FA(a) cy vkiyf VgL VnjD IJ lfis cyf tiugl Fj. (j, c, 10, 253) bra 5: fUJ tiugl FA(a) af rfis sf, jFj fUJ gl tiuJ bjhFj. (FG, c, 10, 246) id git:
1. ghah vw nuf brhYF vyh yK ( All Earth ) vW bghU. 2. g jLjh f bga jL J 1/5 gF nkguig cslf
ToajhF. 3. csik ga nfhghil Kj cUthat Ir l Mth. 4. nkgu nknyhL ( Crust) vd miHfgLwJ. 5. naho kiyahf ef VgLtjh ko kiyf cUthwJ. c.
kakiy. 6. y eLf vgJ nknyho Obud fG mirj myJ eLFj
MF. 7. y mkh (nkhuh) vw fUia bfhL yeLf
mtiyf g bragLwJ. 8. y eLfij kL bra l msnfh gagLjgLwJ. j myF
0 Kj 9 tiu MF. 9. Ath Ys nkhdnyhth cynyna fbga bragL vkiy MF. 10. wj vkiy FWF vLJfhL, jeho fbgw Utzhkiy
FW kW Muunjr gdfh FW.
ghl - 2. nkgu - kh bfhoUF ynfhs nkgu
I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 271)
bra 1: glbjhF FA(a) cd ij ga glbjhF xW jah brj.
(j, bt, 2 ehf, 260)
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bra 2: kh jahj FA (a) MWf, kiyghijf cUthF ynjhwf kh xiw jah brj. (j, btna, 3 ehf, 264)
bra 3: gl tiuJ sFj FA (a)
bllhf tiffis sF glfis jf myJ izajsUJ uo F vGJj. (j, bt, 2 ehf, 264)
bra 4: kh jahj FA (a) fl mdh cUthF y njhwf kh xiw jah brj. (j, btna, 5 ehf, 265)
bra 5: glbjhF jahj FA (a) gahWf cUthF ynjhwf bjhlila glbjhF xW jah brJ, mit ga W F jUj. (j, bt, 2 ehf, 266)
bra 6: gl tiuj FA (a) fhQ ynjhwfSfhd glfis uLj.
1. 2. ahlf 3. Fiu Fs V 4. Xf 5. fhsh ghiw (j, bt, 2 eh, 262 - 267)
II. TLj braghLf bra 1: mif jahj FA (a) khztf, brjhnyh bjhiyfhnyh thiy mifia xU thuF cWneh, mif jahJ xgilj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 257)
bra 2: cWnehf FA(a): Lf VgL rf, U bghUf Ul nrjyh VgL khw kW
Rzh vthW cjwJ vgij cWneh, mit aa khwkh, nta khwkh vd vG tUj.
bra 3: gnrhjid FA(a) khztf, fzho oia jkhf btggL, obud Fj Us ghu (vrifl) nghLj. btgK, FU ghiwia ijwd vw
cikia czj. (FG, c, 10 , 257)
bra 4: gl uLj
M mdh VgL ynjhwfSfhd glfis uo gl sf ju brj. (j, c, 1 thu, 260-263)
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bra 5: kh jahj FA (a)
goa itj iy VgL ynjhwfis khf brJ fho, sf jUj. (j/FG, btna, 1 thu, 262 - 263)
bra 6: jiyigbaho ngRj njitahd bghUf: glf (ynjhw glf) mla milf (myJ) brhf vGa fhj RUf, xU milbgo tHF Kiw: khztfl, fl mj brayh VgL ynjhwglfis milf xonah myJ ynjhwf bgafis fhj RU vGnah mil bgo nghl brhYj, mUJ VjhtJ xU mil (myJ) fhj RUis vLJ bfhL 2 myJ 3 eh fJ vLfgl jiyig g ngRj. (j, c, 3 , 263-264)
bra 7: JQF jf jahj (Scrab Book Preparation) FA (a) fl miy goaitj iy VgL ynjhwfis flJ mjF
Vwh ngh jftfis, glfis uo JQF jfkhf xgilj brj myJ gl tiuj. (j, c, 1 thu, 264-265) bra 8: 3D kh jahj FA (a)
gahW mj iy VgL ynjhwf khfis (Models) brJ xgilj.
bra 9: jiyigbaho ngRj xbthU khztU gah flj kW goa itjyh cUthF ynjhw ga jftfis uo ngRj. (j, c, 15 , 265-267) bra 10: JQF jf FA(a) nkguig ghF fhuf vit vd goaL, mtwh cUthfgL ynjhw glfis mijg XU tf uo vG xgilj. (j, bt, 1 thu)
bra 11 : Lfij FA (b)
1. flfiuia RY mJ, fl goa itgt. 2. flfiu btw nk, bjhlahf mfgl xGFs ynjhwkhf
cst. 3. miyfsh mfgL brFjhd ghiw fliy neh mikUgt. 4. bjhlahd miyf _y cUthFgt. 5. efU gghiwahf Ugt. 6. JUt unjrf guj ms gJfshf cst. 7. gbjLjdh ehfh nghw mik Ugt. 8. gahdh mJ, MHgLjgL cUthwt.
F ilf 1. miyf 2. tisFlh
3. Xf 4. Fif 5. gahWf
6. flgahW 7. r 8. U-tot gsjhF
bra 12: JQFjf
fhdh njhW ynjhwf ga brf kW glfis uo JQFjf jahj. (j, bt, 1 thu)
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bra 13: goaLj FA(b) nkguig ghF fhufis, mitfsh njhW ynjhwfis goaLj. (j, c, 15 )
bra 13: isahL (Cross words-fun with fuzzle) FA (b) (j, c, 5 )
tHF Kiw: fl mltizia jFj brhfis bfhL uf. A. lUJ ty: 1. ghiwJffshf s VgL njhw (3) 2. nrifah ghgil jhJ (4) 3. iw ru tot kzFW (4) B tyUJ l: 4. U Fiff xW nrtJ (6) 5. gah Jf, nrW fyitah njhWtJ (5) 6. caukhd Mwfiu go (3) C UJ nk: 7. kiy gF VgL ij (1) 8. c gofkhjiy thW miHg (6)
D nkUJ : 9. l ghiwf vdgLtJ (5)
1 4 2 3 9 5 7 6
8
id git: 1. ghiwf cilj myJ ijtilj vgij ghiw ij vnwh. 2. my kiH cyf mrakhd jh{kAh cs ryit ffis ghwJ.
vdnt a muR jh{kAhiy Rs njh bjhrhiyfis jil brJsJ. bjhrhiyfsh my kiH VgLwJ.
3. MW, fliy milnghJ KfJthu gF to tliy goa itwJ. J bllh vW miHfgLwJ.
4. fif M s 2510 .. J ah nja Mwhf mfgLsJ. 5. cy l flfiu mbkfhYs ah flfiu. ulhtJ bga
flfiu bridYs bkdh flfiu.
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6. kiyaothugF gJff Ftjh cUthF gahWf kiyaothugahWf MF.
7. ghiytd NH fhdh mfgL, l kiybjhlnghy fhzgL kiynjhwnk ahlh MF.
8. fhsh nghw njhwkF ghiwf lghiwf vd miHfL. 9. iw ru tot kz FWf gfh vd miHfgLwJ. 10. ghiytdF mUfhikYs gFf goUF Ea
kzJff nyha MF.
Foika ghl - 1. ekJ ehL
I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 280) bra 1: fyJiuahl FA(a) fif e - nja e (FG, c, 20 ) bra 2: ghl vGJj FA(a) ehLgW ga ghl vGJj. (j, c, 10 ) bra 3: fgid fLiu FA(a) eh X mikruhdh (j, c, 5 ) bra 4: glbjhF ekJ mil ehLf nja df FA(a) (j, bt, 1 thu) bra 5: glbjhF FA(a) ekJ ehL ghuga (j, bt, 1 thu)
II. TLj braghLf bra 1: tz Lj FA(b) cyf mua ygl ah Ulij mJ tz Lj. (j, c, 5 lf, 272)
bra 2: jft uLj FA(a) khzt jdJ bjU cs 10 FLgfis ga jftfis fzbfL _y uo tu brhYj. (j / FG, bt, 1 thu) goaUJ khzt mJ bfhlit g bjhFJ vGJj.
t.v bjU
bga/fj v thL v
FLg jiyt FLg jiy taJ f bjh
1
2
3
bra 3: a tiugl Fj FA(b) a mua tiugl a khyf, a unjrfis Fj. (j, c, 10 , 272)
bra 4: br bjhF jahj FA(a) ah FoaurhdJ Kj W tiu M brj FoauR jiytfis ga FfSl Toa br bjhF / JQF jf jahj. (j, bt, 2 ehf, 273)
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bra 5: JQF jf jahj - FA(a) a eho izyh nja df ga JQFjf xwid jahj. (j, bt, 1 thu, 275) bra 6: fsgaz - FA(a) mU cs kwF fsgazkhf mif xgilj. (tF , bt, 1 eh, 274) bra 7: eoj Kiw - FA(a) khztf W W FGfshf J, nja xUikghil tsF jkhf gntW khyf fyhrhu, gghoid eoJ fhLj. (FG, c, 20 , 277) id git:
1. bt M ah MwhtJ lij bgWsJ. 2. kf bjhif mogil ah dhF mLjhf ulhtJ
lYsJ. 3. ah tlnf kakiy, Hnf tfhsFlh, bjnf a bgUfl,
nknf mufl Matwh NHgLsJ. 4. ah y viy s 15,200 .. 5. 1950 M ML #dt 26 M nj ah FoauR ehlhdJ. a FoauR 28
khyfis 7 a unjrfis cilaJ. 6. FoauR jiytnu a eho jiyt Mth. 7. a ehlhSkw nyhrgh, uh{argh vw U mitfis bfhlJ. 8. ah cs midJ kwfSF jiyikahdJ crkw.
ah 21 cakwf csd. 9. ehLgiz ghl MF ms 52 dho. 10. 1896 bfhfjh eilbgw a nja fhu kheho ehLg
Kj Kiwahf ghlglJ. 11. ekJ nja yF ; njagwit k; nja ky jhkiu, nja ku
Myku. 12. `rankt#anj vgj bghU thikna btY J ekJ nja
d FfgLsJ.
ghl - 2. a muayik w TWf I. jf cs braghLf (gf: 284)
bra 1: fyJiuahl FA(a) ekJ mwhl th `mogil cikf kWfgLtij mtiw bgW
tKiwfis g khztf FGfshf J fyJiuahLj. (mogil cikf kWfgL nghJ kw bryyh vw fUJ Mauh khztfSF tWjgl ntL). (FG, c, 5 , 284)
bra 2: ehlf eoj FA(a) mogil flikfis ikakhf bfhL ehlf jahj. tFgiw
eoJ fhLj. (FG, c, FGF 5)
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bra 3: JQFjf jahj FA(a) ah muayik rlij cUtha jiytf glfis xo
mjdUnf mtfsJ gfig ga Fid vGj brj. (j, bt, 3 ehf g: 282)
bra 4: thj FA(a) khztf uL FGfshf J gokw Ky midJ FokfS
jkFa mogil cikfis mDgwd vW X m, mDgfiy vW knwh m thj brj. (FG, c, 20, 285)
bra 6: fUJfis TWj FA(a))
bghJ brhJfis ghJfhf khztf nkbfhS eltoiff myJ tKiwfis nkfhQ gl vGJj. (j, c, 10, 288)
bra 7: jft uLj - FA(a) a rl tiu FG jiytuhd lhl mngfh ga jftfis yf, brjhf, bjhiyfh _y uo vGJj. (j, bt, 3 ehf 283)
II. TLj bra ghLf bra 1: xgil jah brj- FA(a)
a muayik rl waf ga xgil jah brj (j, bt, 3 eh 282)
bra 2: dhf jah brj FA(a) a mua mik Kfiuia izajsUJ gwf brJ,
goJghJ 5 dhf jah brj. (j, bt, 3 ehf g: 283) bra 3: goa jahj FA(b)
a mua za rig jiytf kW cWdf bga goaiy jf, izajs MatUJ uLj. (j, bt, 3 eh 281 - 282)
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bra 4: xgil FA(a)
tiu FG cWdf ga jftfis uo xgilj (j, bt, 3
ehf, 281 -282)
bra 5: f Tw FA(a)
iwa fhyfl kj ahghubghUshf khwgLwh. mtdJ ciH
RulgLwJ vw TWF khzt ghj /nfl/mDgj fit TWj. (j, c,
khztUF 3 l, 284)
bra 6: cjhuz TWj FA(b)
khztUF bjj kjrhgw ehLf bgafis TWj. (j, c, 5 )
bra 7: fyJiuahl FA(a)
kjfSilna cs xWikfis goaLj. (FG , c 10 )
bra 8: fyJiuahl FA(a)
khzt jtabjhj g bryhj njhHf bga goaiy jahj;
mjfhd fhuzij mj; fF ah bghW bgnwhuh? FHijah kwtuh? vd
fyJiuahl brj. (FG, c, 10 )
id git:
1. e a ehL 1947 M ML MfL 15 M eh Ljiy bgwJ.
2. 1950 M ML rdt 26 M eh a muayik rl eilKiwF
bfhLtuglJ.
3. lhl. mngf a mua mik rl Mth.
4. a mu nja FnfhfS xW kjrhik MF.
5. ghuhSkw muRKiwia bghW muR myJ fhbd muR vW miHg.
6. a muayik rl rh, kj, dghd, gonjh, brhJilik Ma
ntWgho 18 taJ ua midtU njj thff cW bragLsJ.
7. ekJ mogil flikfS xW nja bfho kW nja dfSF k
mj.
8. ekJ mogil flikfS f KakhdJ 6 Kj 14 taJ tiu cs midJ
FHijfS f bgWtjfhd thig VgL jUj.
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r_f ma 7M tF dhjh totik (Blue Print)
t. v
ghl
mj j Ms Mw bkhj
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
wta dh
FW dh
fLiu dh
1 tuyhW 6 (1) 1 (2) 1 (1) 2* (2) 1 (5) 1 (2) 1* (5) 6 (1) 22
2 a 3 (1) 3 (2) 1 (5) 1 (1) 15
3 Foika 1 (1) 1 (2) 5 (1) 1* (2) 1 (1)2 (2)
1* 2 (5) 1*
6* Choice
23
bkhj kbgf
10 4 6 6 10 2 6 10 6 60
bkhj dhf vif
10 2 6 2+3* 3 2 3+1* 2+2* 6+6* 48
F: milF ( ) kbg wta dh (Objective tpye Question) FW dh (Short Question) thd dh (Detailed Question) *bj dhf (Choice Questions)
r_f ma - VHh tF Kj gUt (bjhFj kL)
kh dhjh (SA)
fhy: 1.30 k kbgf: 60
I. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf. 7x1=7
1. whLfSF ilgl fhynk ilfhy vdgLwJ. (m) 8-18 M) 1-8 ) 18-ffhy
2. Ugh MyakhdJ nfhiy ngh flgLsJ. (m)ifyhrehj M)uftu )bAhrhnytu)
3. Kjyh euktk glbga MF. (m) thjh bfhlh M) b#abfhlh ) flhubfhlh)
4. ghah bga jLfshf cilfgLsJ. (m) 7 M) 6 ) 10
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5. flfiuf vjDl bjhlilait? (m) MWf M) gahWf )miyf
6. nja ghl tnj khjuij aat (m) g ru rl M) uueh jhT )#tAyh neU
7. cy ah gugs __________ bga ehL. (m) ulhtJ (M) IjhtJ () VHhtJ)
II. nfhol lij uf 7x1=7
8. ehsjh gfiyfHfij Jjt _____________ 9. Kfhy nkiy rhSaf f wj mur ___________ 10. Uthrfij aat __________ 11. vkiy vgJ xU __________ MF 12. ghiwf cilfgLtJ kW ijfgLtJkhd brafshdJ
____________ vd miHfgLwJ. 13. a eho jiyt __________ Mth. 14. ah crkw mikJs l ___________.
III. bghUJf. 4x1= 4
15. bkfj - Ughit 16. mua za rig - nuf vGjhs 17. k krhnuh - Kjfhy nkiy rhSa 18. Mlh - 9 org 1946
- Mfh
VI. FWa ila (VnjD vL dhfSF kL) 8x2= 16
19. ah Mbrj uhruf VnjD ehF tifd bgafis FLf.
20. jfhzij tl ahUJ vit wd? 21. nrhHf thff FJ vGJf. 22. gytf thff FJ vGJf. 23. yeLffis ghF rfis TWf. 24. thiy ij FJ W F vGJf. 25. l kzLf vwh vd? 26. vkiyf tiff ahit? 27. ah miklij vGJf. 28. ekJ ehLg TW brf ahit? 29. ah xU kjrhik ehL vd V TWnwh? 30. ekJ nja ky TW br ahJ?
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V. thd ila (VnjD ehF dhfSF kL) 4x5= 20 31. uhruf gntW Jiwf Ma gfid t. 32. nrhHf thf mikid sFf. 33. ghiw ij tiffis T VnjD xwid cjhuzJl sFf. 34. nyhrgh g vGJf. 35. mLFfis T VnjD xiw sFf. 36. iwahik wig TWf?
VI. tiugl Ff. 6x1= 6 37. (a) a tiugl fhQ lfis Ff.
bl, m{, ehsjh, khkyu, jrh, m#jh
(myJ)
(b) cyf tiugl fltiw tz Ff. (i) g beU tisa gF (ii) bfah vkiy (iii) ghu f (iv) ahkh
8M tF
tuyhW
ghl - 1 : bkhfyhaf tUif
ghl - 2: kuhaf
ghl - 3: Inuha tUif
ghl - 4: My buR Mf ngho (fehhf nghf)
a
ghl - 1 : ts MjhufS mj tsfS
ghl - 2 : ts MjhufS bghUshjhu eltoiffS
ghl - 3 : Kj iy bjhf tiff
ghl - 4 : Kj iy bjh I Ruf bjh
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Foika
ghl - 1 : nja xUikghL
ghl - 2 : r_f bghUshjhu uridf
cns xbthU ghlY
jf cs tsu braghLf - FA(a) & FA(b) TLj tsu braghLf - FA(a) &FA(b) id git dhjh ltiu bjhFj njfhd kh dhjh
tuyhW
ghl - 1 . bkhfyhaf tUif I. ghljf bfhLfgLs braghLf
bra 1: fLiu vGJj FA(a) jh{kAh cyf mraf xwhf fUjgLtjfhd fhuzfis
MuhJ Ugf ms fLiu xW vGJj (j, c, 20 l, g 257) bra 2: fyJiuahl FA(a)
Kfyha nguuR ailjjF fhuzf vw jiy W FG fyJiuahl brj (FG, c, 10 , 262)
bra 3: JQFjf FA(a)
cyf mraf glfS brfS. (j, bt, 3 eh, 258-260)
bra 4: JQFjf jahj FA(a) Kfyha nguuR g br uo gl xo FngL jahj (j /FG , bt, 5 eh, 247-262) bra 5: gl bjhF jahj FA(a)
ghg Kj xsuftiu blia Ml kdf cUt glfis tirahf xo gl bjhF xiw uo jah brj. (j, bt, 5 ehf) myJ bra 6: trht mltiz jahj FA(b)
Kfyha murf trht goa jahJ FG gj (j, c, 30 , 247-262)
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bra 7: fhynfhL tiuj FA(a) Kfyha kd vtnuD xUtiu njbjLJ mtuJ fhy eilbgw Ka
ffSF fhynfhL xW jah brj (j, c, 30 , 247-262) bra 8: RHyil jahj FA(a)
Kfyha fhy yaK gilghsfS vw jiy RHyil jahj. (j, c, 30 , 253-255)
II. TLj braghLf
bra 1: isahL FA(b)
fhQ Ffis goJ mjfhd brhfis fLoJ bfhLfgl
fl tlLj. (j, c, 30 , 265-273)
1. bkhfyha kd ( nja mur) 2. bh cUtha fll 3. mguh uJ bragl t 4. mghr vGa Eh 5. uhkhaz kW kfhghuij ghuf bkh bkh bgajt 6. #Ah tHF Kiw 7. jh{kAhiy foa 8. h#Ah foa kN 9. ghg JU bkh vGa Eh 10. mg njhWj bjf kj 11. mg mukid mikJs l. 12. A]kh njhfofgl l 13. mg mitia myfj ir Ph
bA m J y g ah nlh #] kh
h m R yh
# f nr I
m m bg R ndh
jh bg gh M jh v uh
gh g nrh g f gh dh zh
c m r
K r yh nj
l F m g eh kh c g
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bra 2: FWjfL jah brj FA(a) Kfyha nguuR ga br izajsUJ gwf brJ FWjfL
jah brj (j /FG , bt, 5 ehf, 247-262)
bra 3: FW ehlf eoj FA(a) xsuf mfhuK th juK vw jiy FW ehlf jahJ tF eoj. (FG, c, 15 )
bra 4: y tiugl tiuj FA(b) a tiugl mg nguu viyfis Fj. mJ jnghija ytugo vbjj ehLf kW khyfis cslajhf UwJ vd F vGJj. (j, c, 10 , 252)
bra 5: y tiugl ntiy FA(b) a tiugl xsuf nguu viyfis Fj. mJ jnghija ytugo vbjj ehLf kW khyfis cslajhf UwJ vd F vGJj. (j, c, 10 , 259)
bra 6: y tiugl ntiy FA(b) a tiugl mg nguu viyia xU tzY, xsuf nguu viyia ntW tzY FJ U nguuRfis xl. (j, c,
10 , 254 & 259) id git:
1. ..1526 M ML Vu 21 M eh tuyhW ff ghg ngh uhnyhoF, ghgUF ilna eilbgwJ.
2. `ghg idf vw Eh JU bkh ghguh vGjglJ. 3. A]kh vw brhYF mZlkhd vW bghU. t ghg kfdhth. 4. #yhY KfkJ mg ..1542 M ML etg 23M eh
mkunfhil wjh. jkJ 14 M ta nguuruhf ..1556 gjnawh. t ahit Mbrj jiywj kd.
5. `m mg kW `mg ehkh vw Ehf mghryh vGjglit. 6. yh kjrhik myJ kj rjikia mogilahf bfhl
kj . mg ij cUthdh. 7. ilfhy ahit M brj Kjbg mu #Ah. t kd
#Ah kid Mth. 8. jh{kAh Ah#Ahdh flglJ. J aKdh efiu Muh
csJ. Ah#Ah kid Kjh idthf foa jh{kAh Rkh 20 yr bry 22 MLfhy fod ciHgh flglJ.
9. xsuf Kfyha tr fil nguur Mth. 10. t K myhjtf J b#ah tia tjh.
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ghl - 2. kuhaf
ghljf bfhLfgLs braghLf
bra 1: goaLj FA(b)
kuha mitUj mikrf bgaf kW mtfsJ Jiwf g
goaLj. (j, c, 15 )
bra 2: xgil FA(a)
ekJ ehil vflUJ ghJfhj (jkJ C / khtlij nrj)
uhQt uf gfig g , khztf jkF bjjij Ugf ms
fLiuahf vGJj ( j, bt, 1 thu)
bra 3: fij TWj FA(a)
khztf jkJ W ta mtfsJ bgnwh myJ bgatfl nflj
u fijfis rf khztfSF TWj.
(j, c, 3 , 265 )
bra 4: ehlf eoj FA(a)
. khztf, th thif tuyh eilbgw VnjD xU W
gFid eoJ fhl (FG , c , 5 , 265-268)
bra 5: ytiugl ntiy FA(b)
a tiugl kuha nguu viyfis Fj. mJ jnghija
ytugo vbjj khyfis cslajhf UwJ vd F vGJj. (j,
c, 10, 271)
bra 6: fhynfhL tiuj FA (b)
kuha th thif tuyh Ka ffis fhynfhL tiuJ
m Fj. (j, c, 10 , 265-272)
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bra 7: FWbfGJ ngho FA (b)
Ma fhQ FWbfGJfis khztfl bfhLJ ug brj.
br k iy v th
j u #h
m Z l u jh yh gh
l a { uh a R
fh th Z
_ wh gh g bfh
I. lUJ ty
1. xsufgh th thW miHfglh 2. th thf 3. ..1761
II. tyUJ l 1. .. 1665 2. th nguuR 3. ujk mikr
III. nkUJ 1. thia mlf xsufdh mDggl jfhz MSe 2. th jhah bga
IV. UJ nk 1. kuhaf mUj ngh Kiw
id git: 1. kAhuhZou kiygFf thj kf kuhaf vd
miHfgld. 2. bfhyh nghKiw vgJ Kiwrhuh nghKiw MF. 3. th `kiy v vW `jfhd Wneh vW miHfglh. 4. 1674 M ML th rug vw glij No bfhlh, th
nguuR Rauh{a vd miHfglJ. 5. Zth vw brhYF ujk mikr vW bghU. mZlujh vgJ
th k rigF bga. 6. ehh nfhDh itu kW kyhrdij ghufF bfhL
brwh.
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ghl - 3. Inuha tUif I. jf braghLf
bra 1: ytiugl ntiy FA(b) cyf tiugl Inuhah flij tzL fhLj. (j, c, 5 ) bra 2: ytiugl ntiy FA(b)
Inuhgh fl cs ehLf bgafis ytiugl jf (atlas) cj bfhL vGJj (j, c, 10)
bra 3: goaLj FA(b) a flt fLoghsf bgafis fLoj lfis
goaLj (j, c, 10)
bra 4: ytiugl ntiy FA(b) ahF Kj Kj flt fLojt ah vd mJ mt
fLoj tia cyf tiugl Fj (j, c, 10)
bra 5: ytiugl ntiy FA(b) nghRaf, Mnyaf kW buRfhuf tfjyfis
a w t ytiugl FJfhLj. (j, c, 10 )
bra 6: xgil FA(a) ah Mnyaf nfhilf ga brfis uLj myJ
mtut khtl cs nfhilf ga jftfis uLj. (FG, bt, 1 thu)
II. TLj braghLf
bra 1: ytiugl ntiy FA(b) Inuha ehLfSF ahF ilna tf vj _W Ka
tjlf _y eilbgwJ vd vGJj. m_W tjlfis cyf tiugl FJ fhLj. fhlho neh vj tjl csJ vgij FJ fhLj (j, c, 10 ) bra 2: fgid ciuahl
FA(a)fnfhil kd rhbkhid, thnfhlfhkh Kj Kj rjnghJ vd fUF vgij fgid brJ FG X ciuahl fJj. (FG, c, 10 , 274-275)
bra 3: tirgLJj FA(b) ahF tf a tj Inuhafis fhytir Kiw vG
mtf a jiyiklfis goaLj (j, c, 10 , 274-277) v.fh. ehL - kf - jiyikl nghRf - nghRa - nfhth
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bra 4: ytiugl ntiy Inuhgh fl mua ytiugl ahF tf bra tj
ehLfis btntW tzf FJfhLj. mt mikl fl tfF vgo cjaJ vd sFj. (j, c, 10 )
bra 5: fgidahf ngRj FA(a) e ehL gfg ehlhf myhk, viyfis ehLfsh NHgoUjh e eho bjhf, tf, jgbtg iy vthW UF vd fgidahf ngRj. (j, c, 5 )
id git:
1. nghRa khY thnfhlfhkh edif Kidia flJ KjKj nfhnfhL flfiuia tjiljh.
2. nghRaf il, lhk, ggh, yif, rhbr, g, A] nghw gFfis ifgd.
3. ..1640 M ML j #h{ nfhil flglJ. 4. ghonr buRfhuf jiyiklkhf mikUUjJ. 5. .. 1742M ML ons ghonr ftduhf gjnawh.
ghl -4. My buR Mf ngho (fehlf nghf)
I. jf braghLf
bra 1: ytiugl ntiy FA (b) fehlf nghf fj gFfis a tiugl khztf Fj.
mit jnghija ytugo vbjj khtlf csd vd vGJj. (j, c, 10)
bra 2: xgil MnyafSF buRfhufSF ilna ya gifik cz
FJ xgil jahj. (j, bt, 1 thu)
bra 3: fyJiuahl ah sh ngh fj Kiw kW isf g fyJiuahl. (FG, c, 10, 285)
bra 4: gokw uil M Kiw eik, ik g gokw el mif rkj.
(FG, c, 10 , 287-288)
bra 5: fyJiuahl Mnya btfhd fhuzf g fyJiuahl brJ mif rkj. (FG, c, 10 , 287-288)
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bra 6: fhynfhL tiuj. FA(a) My -uR clgoiff FJ fhynfhL tiuj. (j, c, 10 , 281 - 284)
bra 7: thj FA(a) Mnya Mf ah vgo iy bgwJ vgJ FJ thj brj (FG, c, 10 , 284-287)
II. TLj braghLf
bra 1: fUJ Tw FA (a) ngh njitah? vw jiyig khztfl bfhLJ fUJfis Tw
brj. xbthUtU j fUJfis g bra thgj (tF, c, 10 , 284-287)
bra 2: fUJgl tiuj FA(a) fehlf nghfis sf fUJgl tiuj. (FG, c, 10 , 284-287)
bra 3: mltiz jahj FA (a) fehlf nghf ff FJ fl mltizia uj
ngh MLf fhuzf clgoiff Ka
isf
id git:
1. .. 1740 Kj 1763 tiu Mnya, buRfhuf ilna 3 nghf eilbgwd. it fehlf eilbgwjh fehlf nghf vW miHfgld.
2. Kj fehlf myh ng clgoifgo 1748 KotiljJ. 3. ..1748 ulhtJ fehlf ngh bjhlaJ. 4. uhg is Mfho u vd bgUiknahL miHfglh. 5. uh{ c-bjhyh 146 Mnya ngh ufis nghiffshf iwoj
f ffjh Uliw vd miHfgLwJ. 6. iAj m 1722M ML xU rhjhuz ViH FLg wjh. j fod
ciHgh ikN muruhdh. t xU wj th. 7. ..1765 tfhs ftduhf uhg is bghWngwh. 8. `is vw ia cUth fbg Caf kW mtf
jitfSF cjdh.
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9. ..1772 M ML tfhs My Ha Wtd neuo M bfhLtuglJ.
a
ghl - 1. ts MjhufS mj tsfS
I. jf braghLf
bra 1: goa rghj FA(a) jf gf.299 cs dhbjhFfhd ilfis Fj
(j , c, 10 lf, g. 239)
bra 2: ytiugl ntiy FA(b) cyf tiugl viz cg br lfis Fj. (j, c, 10
, 239) bra 3: glbjhF jahj FA(a)
aif kW braif ts Mjhufis tifgL glbjhF jahj (FG, bt,1 thu, g. 299)
bra 4: kh jahj FA(a) fhwhiy kh jahj (FG, bt,1 thu, g. 298)
II. TLj braghLf
bra 1: xgil FA(a) yf cUthF Kiw ga tufis uo xgil jahj (j ,
bt,1 thu, g. )
bra 2: xgil FA(a) ah fhwhiyf cs lf ga brf kW glfis uo
xgil brj (j , bt,1 thu, g. )
bra 3: goaLj FA(a) vbz cg br ehLfis flf thahf goaLj (j,
bt,1 thu, g. )
bra 4: fgid fLiu FA(a) gJ MLf bgnuh J nghdh vdthF vgJ g fgid
fLiu tiuj. (j , bt,1 thu, g. )
bra 5: fUJ TWj FA(a) , r, vbz tsfis l ehfSF gagLj vbdd
eltoiffis khztf nkbfht vd fyJiuaho mif jahj (FG, c, 10 l, g. 323)
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bra 6: ytiugl tiuj FA(b) ah cs mQ iyafis tiugl Fj. mit cs
khyfis goaLj (j , c,10 l, g. )
bra 7: thj FA(a) ts Mjhufis ghJfhjY, RWwikia ghJfhjY. (FG, c, 10 l, g. )
bra 8: j tuyhW TWj FA(a) yf, r, Na Mw, viz tsf (FG, c, 10 ,g. 323)
bra 9: goaLj F A(b) cs Jf Toa tsf, Jf ayhj tsf Matiw
goaLj ( j, c 5 lf, g. )
bra 10: ytiugl Fj F A(b) ah yf fhzgL lfis ygljf cjl flJ, a ytiugl Fj
bra 11. ytiugl Fj FA (b) cy cs yf taf gutfis, cyf tiugl Fj. (j, c, 5 lf, g. 292 )
id git: 1. Jf ayhj ts Mjhuf twToa ts Mjhuf vd
miHfgLwJ. 2. cnyhf fkf, cnyhfkw fkf kW vbghU fkf
vW eh gagLJ tsf tifgLjgLsd. 3. jeho cs bent gG yf mfkhf bto
vLfgLwJ. 4. vbz gof ygFfY, fl gFfY fhzgLwd.
ah fbga `Kig iA vD vbz ta flgF mikJsJ.
5. dh cs aho M FWnf cs KgsjhF miz cy fbga r iya mikJsJ.
6. cy mf ms Na Mwiy cgbr ehL b#k MF. 7. cy fbga fhwhiy Wtd jeho fahFk khtl
Muthbkh vDl csJ.
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ghl - 2. ts MjhufS bghUshjhu eltoiffS
I. jf braghLf
bra 1: vGJfis KiwgLJj FA(b) jf cs brKiw gia khztf vGJj. (j , c, 10 , 304 )
bra 2: thj FA(a) cy _W, ehF kW Ijh iy bghUshjhu eltoiff
tsw tlhuf kL mf fhzgLwd V? (FG, c, 10 , 304) braghL 3: ytiugl Fj F A(a)
cyf mua tiugl tsw ehLfis Fj. (j , c,10 )
bra 4: glbjhF jahj F A(a) IJ tifahd bjhfSF glf uo glbjhF jahJ, mit xnwhblhW vthW bjhl bfhLsd vd tj. (j , bt, 1 thu, 3) bra 5: xgil jahj F A(a)
khztf VnjD xU Kjiy bjh rhj brfis uo xgil mifahf jah brj. (FG, /j , bt,1 thu, 304 )
II. TLj braghLf bra 1: ehlf eoj FA(a)
IJ tifahd bjh iyfis eoJfhl (FG, c,10 , g.300-301 ) (khztfis 5 FGfshf J xbthU FGF 1 bjhtifia bfhLJ eoJ fhl brj)
bra 2: fsgaz brW mif jahj FA(a) gF mU cs trha/bjhrhiy/t/Ruf nghw VnjD xU bjh eilbgW lF fsgaz nkbfhL mF eilbgW ffis cWneh mif jahJ xgilj. (j , bt, 2 ehf)
bra 3: fij TWj FA(a) VnjD xU bjh
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5. muR kW jah Jiwf khF w bfhltf jf fGJgil gahsf vdgLwd.
6. ulh iy bjhfsha bjhrhiyf cg g
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bra 2: gwf brj (ICT) FA (a) cy ehnlho kf thG lf kW thG Kiwf ga brfis izajsUJ gwf brJ mif jahJ xgilj. (j, bt, 1 thu)
bra 3: bghkyhl F A(a) khztf mtutUF oj ehnlho kf nghW eoJ fhLj (j,
c, 5 , 311)
bra 4: glbjhF jahj F A(a) cy cs ojsf, ed bjh Eg trf, cg
jsf nghw tuf mogil brfis uo khztf xgilj. (j , bt,1 thu, g. )
id git:
1. aifia rhJ bragL bjhf Kjik bjhf vdgL. 2. ntilahLj, oj, fheil nkj Mait Kjiy
bjhf vd tifgLjgLsd. 3. cy fbga cehL o V nlhnyrh MF. 4. uhg ehnlhof ah uh#jh khy fhzgLwhf. 5. oj ju KJ Fj, fy kW flehfis
ntilahLj nghw bjhfS flf eilbgW bjhf MF. 6. uZah, fdlh, mbkfh nghw ehLf fhLf mfkhf
fhzgLwd.
ghl - 4. Kj iy bjh - I Ruf bjh
II. jf braghLf
bra 1: FWbfGJ FA(b) (j, c 10 lf, g. 319 )
bra 2: jft fsa FA(a) khztf ekJ khy fhzgL fkf goaiy jahj (j ,
bt,1 thu, 319 )
bra 3: glbjhF jahj FA(a) khztf Ruf bjh tiff glfis uo gl bjhF brj.
(j, bt,1 thu, g. 319)
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braghL 4: fyJiuahl F A(a) vbghUf, fkf tiw vgo ghJfhfyh vw jiy fyJiuahl nkbfhs (FG, c, 10 , 319 )
bra 5: tiugl Fj FA(b) cyf tiugl UjhJ cs lfis Fj. (j , c, 10 , 319 )
bra 6: thj FA(b) vbghU gagLjhj xU L , bjhrhiy xU eh vthW bragL
(FG, c, 10 )
III. TLj braghLf
bra 1: jiyigbaho ngRj FA(a) cy fhzgL Ruf bjh tiffis flJ glfis uo
milf xo a bgo nghLj. khztfis xbthUtuhf miHJ xU milia vLf brh m tU jiyig myJ glij ga brfis XU ehf uo tubrhYj tFgiw xbthU khztid ngr brhYj. (j , c, 5 , 319 )
bra 2: goaLj FA(b) fltiw cnyhfKsit ,cnyhfkwit, vbghU vit vd d
fL khztf goaLj (U, jfu, jf, mYa, Rzh, njha, yf, fjf, ikfh, aif th, bgnuha, Mbglh) (j , c, 10 , 312-313 )
t. v.
cnyhfKsit cnyhfkwit vbghU fkf
bra 3: goaLj F A(a) j o cs bghUf vitbait fk bghUfsh bragLsd vd khzt goaLj (j, c, 10)
id git: 1. Fth vdgL btobaLj Kiw Rzhf nghw fol
bghUfis nkguUJ vLF KiwahF.
2. (Rigs) vdgL xUtif nkil vbz zWf UJ JisJ, vbz vLf gagLjgLwJ.
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3. nkdil, nAkil, liu, nkhid Mait U jhJ tiffshF.
4. br gotf bknfh, rhah, kW njhndah Ma ehLf mfkhf fhzgLwJ.
5. ghi[ mY jhJ MF. J nu, #ikfh, Mnuah Ma ehLf fhzgLwJ.
6. jf xU iyaj cnyhf. fhu vD brh jf Jhajikia ma gagLjgLwJ.
7. fjf yjo RufKiw _y btobaLfgLwJ. J bt kr w ilwJ.
8. ikfh fU wKila fk. J ah, ehhnt, nu nghw ehLf ilwJ.
9. Mbglh wj bt RuffUJ bto vLfgLwJ. J v ofhJ.
Foika ghl - 1. nja xUikghL
I. ghljf bfhLfgLs braghLf
bra 1: mif jahjFA(a) ah ntWik xWik cs ehL vgij MuhJ mif jah brj. (j, bt, 2 ehf, 323)
bra 2: tiugl Fj FA(b)a tiugl khyfis a unjrfis Fj (j, c,
10 l).
bra 3: goaLjFA(b)a mu mYtyf bkhfis goaLj (j , bt, 1 eh, 323)
bra 4: dhodh elJj FA(b) nja xUikghL bjhlghd dhodh elJj (tF, c,10 , 322- 323)
bra 5: thj brj FA(a) nja xUikghil ghF fhu FJ thj brj (FG, c, 10
, 322- 323)
bra 6: glbjhF FA(a) a tghLjyf, gghL kW ghuga bjhlghd glf (j , bt, 3ehf, 15 )
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II. TLj braghLf
bra 1: FW ehlf FA(a) kj neaij tsF fUij tWJ ehlfij khztf eoJ
fhl (FG, c, FGF 5 ) bra 2: fyJiuahl FA(a) khztf jf C / o eilbgW Hhf g fyJiuahl brj. mit vthW r_f cwit tswd vd goaLj. (FG, c, 10) bra 3: glbjhF jahj bjah cs fbgw Myaf glfis uo glbjhF jahj. (j, bt, 3 ehf)
bra 4: fsgaz brW mif jahj FA(a)VnjD xU tuyhW w f nfhYF brW mj tuyhW FJ
br uo mif jahj. (j, bt, 1 thu) bra 5: fij nrfj FA(a) nja xUikghL rhj fijfis uLj. (j/FG, bt, 3 ehf, 320-321)
bra 6: ghlf uLj FA(a) nja xUikghil tsF ghlfis (kh, ghlf,
ehLwghlf, jughlf) uo ghLj (j / FG, bt, 3 ehf) bra 7: FW ehlf FA(a) kj ezf fUij tWJ xU ehlfij khztf eoJ fhl (FG, c, FGF 5 )
id git:
1. gy df mUfhafkhf ah njhwkwJ. ah Rkh 845 bkhf ngrgLwd.
2. 22 bkhf a muayik rl mffgLsJ. 3. ntjf, uhkhaz, kfhghuj, gftij, a, Fuh kW UFw
nghwit afilna f bgWsd. 4. ght, uhket, UZzb#a, Jfhi# kWk kfurfuh 5. u#h, jbt,
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8. fehlf ir, Jjh ir, guj, Fo, fj, k, Xo nghw fiyf f wj iy nghwgL tUwd.
9. etg 19 nja xUikghL d. 10. a iwahik, rkarhik, rkjk nghwit nja xUikghil
tswd.
ghl - 2. r_f bghUshjhu uridf
I. ghljf bfhLfgLs braghLf bra 1: br uLj FA(a)
khzt j mUfhik cs uhkF brW kf r_f bghUshjhu f kW Rfhjhu FJ dhgoa jah brJ, br uo, tFgiw
thj. (FG, bt & c, 1 thu)
bra 2: fUJ tHFj FA(a) FHij bjhyhs uridia xf khzt TW Mnyhridf (FG,
c, 10) bra 3: br uLj FA(a)
brjh, thu, khj jf tU enjh ga brfis uLj
(FG, bt & c, 1 thu) bra 4: nefhz brj FA(a)