I

I I I I I 'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

NVC SITE SURVEY

FLISKWOOD

Report No. FOOLJ03

For further information on this report please contact:

lan Bray Scottish Natural Heritage 46 Crossgate CUPAR Fife KY155HS

This report should be quoted as:

Central Environmental Surveys (2000) Natural Resource Management Consultancy National Vegetation Classification Survey of Selected Sites of Special Scientific Interest - Flisk Wood. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. FOOLJ03.

This report or any part of it should not be reproduced without the permission of Scottish Natural Heritage which will not be unreasonably withheld. The views expressed by the author(s) of this report should not be taken as the views and policies of Scottish Natural Heritage. © Scottish ~atural Heritage 2000.

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Central Environmental Surveys

Natural Resource Management Consultancy

\ '

NVC SITE SURVEY

FLISKWOOD

Ecological Surveys, EnviromnentaI Assessments, Natural Resource Management Planning, Ecological Monitoring, GIS, Biological computing and databases. Principal: Alan Booth MSc., M.I.E.E.M., WoodIea Perth Road, Dunblane, Perthshire FK15 OEE TeJIFax: 01786 824440

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NVC SITE SURVEY

~I FLISK WOOD

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SUMMARY

A survey was made of Flisk Wood, North-east Fife, Fife during May 2000. A total of 15

quad rats were recorded encompassing 2 communities or sub-communities of the National

Vegetation Classification (NVC). The communities are compared to the published tables

appearing in Rodwell (1991 a, 1991 b, 1992, 1995, 2000) and variations described. The site

supports one of the largest and best remaining examples of mixed deciduous woodland in

North-east Fife, much of it ancient in origin.

KEYWORDS

National Vegetation Classification, Ancient Woodland, Semi-natural woodland, Wooded

den

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I CONTENTS

I SUMMARY

I KEYWORDS

I 1. INTRODUCTION 1

I 1.1 Study aims and objectives 1

I 2. SITE SUMMARY 1

I 3. METHODOLOGY 2

I 4. COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS 3

I 5. REFERENCES 5

I APPENDIX 1 :TARGET NOTES 6

I APPENDIX 2: QUADRAT DATA 7

I I I I I I I :jj

I

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Study aims and objectives

This survey was carried out by Central Environmental Surveys during August 2000 on

behalf of Scottish Natural Heritage. The aim of the project is to provide detailed vegetation

survey information for selected SSSI sites within Fife using the National Vegetation

Classification (NVC).

The objectives of the survey are as follows:

• To provide base-line information on the location, extent and floristics of the existing

vegetation within the sites.

• To produce an annotated vegetation map using the NVC to identify and map the

communities to sub-community level where possible. This is supported by quad rat data,

community descriptions and target notes.

Nomenclature for vascular plants follows Stace (1991 ),bryophytes follows Smith (1978),

liverworts follows Smith (1990) and for lichens Dobson(1979).

2. SITE SUMMARY

Flisk Wood, on the southern banks of the Firth of Tay to the west of Balmerino, supports an

extensive area of mixed deciduous estate woodland, much of it ancient in origin. Certain

areas, especially to the east,' have retained their semi-natural statLis and harbour a

groundflora typical of wooded dens in Fife (W8e). The majority of the site however, has

undergone considerable modification with the planting of conifers and exotichardwoods.

This is particularly prevalent around Birkhill house where large areas of mixed deciduous

woodland (W10e) exist primarily for amenity purposes.

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3. METHODOLOGY

The National Vegetation Classification scheme provides a system for the classification and

mapping of British vegetation according to phytosociological grouping, using standard field

methods, data analysis and classification techniques. The methodology is based on a strict

sampling system from homogenous stands of vegetation, with emphasis on taxonomic as

well as edaphic and climatic parameters. The methodology used here is based on that

described by Rodwell (1991, et al).

Initially, the site was walked over to ascertain the total variation and scale of variation as

well as noting the relative proportions of different vegetation types. Homogenous stands of

vegetation were then mapped on to a base map at a scale of 1:10,000 (sometimes

enlarged for smaller sites). Where vegetation was clearly recognisable e.g. bracken, this

was relatively straightforward. However, complex mosaics were often encountered whe~e

vegetation units gr~Qed repeatedly and often inconspicuously into each other. These are

indicated on the NVC map as mosaics with the relative proportion of each community

noted. Mosaics often occurred at several hierarchical levels. Only the coarsest level of

discrimination was possible in this survey.

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Representative quadrat data were collected from examples of all significant vegetation \

units. Usually, five quadrats were taken, however where stands of vegetation were small or

species poor, fewer quad rats were deemed necessary to capture the floristic variation.'

Linear strips of vegetation were usually sampled in their entirety otherwise samples are

based on a 2m x 2m quadratextendingto 50m x 50m in woodlands; In some cases

however, quadrat size needed to be extended to pick up the full floristic variation (e.g. in

hepvily grazed areas). All vascular plants and common bryophytes were identified within.

each ,qIJadrat :;md their cover/abundance recorded using the Domin scale. Quadrat data

was entered into the MATCH programme to assist in the assignment of NVC units although

this was only used as a tool and not a substitute for the published NVC tables. Locations of

quad rats and target notes were recorded in the field using a Global Positioning System

(GP$) ~nd are marked on the relevant map.

Stands of vegetation too small to map (less than 1 Om) were recorded in a target note with

full species list. It is important to remember when interpreting the NVC maps that fine-grain

features such as flushes and springs will usually not appear on the map.

NVC maps were digitised using the ArcView version 3.fGIS package:

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4. COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS

A total of 15 quad rats were recorded encompassing 2 communities or sub-communities of

the NVC. Quadrat data is given in Appendix 2.

The following section describes the botanical composition of the communities and how they

compare to the published tables.

• Fraxinus excelsior - Acer campestre - Mercurialis perennis woodland, Geranium

robertianum sub-community (W8e)

This is woodland of calcareous mull soils with a more central distribution. Its best

representation is in the east of the site where the woodland has retained much of its semi­

natural character. Elsewhere its has been largely modified by planting. Canopy constants

here are Acer pseudoplatanus, Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior with frequent Prunus

avium and Fagus sylvatica. The understory supports scattered GoryJus avellana,

Sambucus nigra, /lex aquifolium, Sorbus aucuparia and Grataegus monogyna. The varied

field layer is variously dominated by Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Luzula

sylvatica and Mercurialis perennis. '.1'"

In comparison with the published tables, it appears that Ulmus glabra, Grataegus

monogyna, Mercurialis perennis, Urtica dioica, Brachythecium rutabulum and Plagiomnium

undulatum are less frequent than expected. In contrast, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur,

Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Dryopteris filix-mas, Saniculaeuropaea, Luzula sylvatica and

Allium ursinum are more frequent than usual. This latter irregularity suggests a possible

shift to the W8f Alliutnsub-community' in 'places where Allium dominates the field layer.

Prunus avium, which can be quite frequent, is not recorded in the tables for the 'community.

Typical species not recorded in the quadrat sampling include Acercampestre; Gircaea

lutetiana, Arum maculatum and several bryophytes.,' , .. '

Moving west, along the FliskSeabraes, the communitY becomes more open 'and Fraxinus

excelsior, Ulmus glabra and particularly Acer pseudoplatanus become increasingly frequent

in the canopy. This is also true of Corylus avellanain the understory. The more open

nature of the canopy sees species such'as Galium aparine and Rubus fruticosus become

conspicuously abundant. Allium ursinum i§ noticeably less frequent here. The local '

dominance of Ranunculus ficaria is perhaps indicative of a shiftto:the W8b Anemone

nemorosa sub-community on heavier soils. The woodland around Wester Flisk in the·,

extreme west of the site has been modified by planting and ,is now dominated by Acer

pseudoplatanus.

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• Quercus robur - Pteridium aquilinum - Rubus fruticosus woodland, Acer

pseudoplatanus - Oxalis acetosella sub-community (W10e)

Extensive estate woodland extends around Birkhill house on the Birkhill Estate in the centre

of the site. Planting, particularly with exotic conifers has extensively modified its character.

Other sections. are almost solely dominated by Acer pseudoplatanus. Because of this,

quadrat data is notterribly convincing.

The sole canopy constant here is Acer pseudopJatanus with frequent Pinus syJvestris,

Picea sp. and Larix sp. Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Prunus avium, Fagus sylvatica

and Quercus robur are scattered throughout. Dryopteris dilatata and Luzula sylvatica

invariably dominate the heavily shaded field layer along with frequent Brachythecium

rutabulLJm, Thuidium tamariscinum, Oxalis acetosella, Primula vulgaris and Hyacinthoides

non-scripta. The soils here are noticeably more acidic than in the W8 community.

Pinus sylvestris, Acer pseudoplatanus, Dryopteris dilatata, Ajuga reptans, Luzula sylvatica

and Primula vulgaris appear to be more abundant than usual. Typical species not recorded ., . '. ·r'

in the quad rat sampling include Fraxinus excelsior, Pteridium aquilinum,Quercus petraea,

Ulmus glabra, Crataegus monogyna and Deschampsia cespitosa.

5. REFERENCES . . "

Cooper, E & MacKintosh, J. 1996 NVC review of Scottish Grassland Surveys. Scottish

Natural Heritage Review No 65.

Corbet, G.B. et al. 1998. The Nature of Fife. Scottish Cultural Press.

Crofts, A & Jefferson, R.G (eds) 1999. The Lowland Grassland Management Handbook.

English Nature/The Wildlife Trusts.

Rodwell, J.S. 1991. British Plant Communities: Vol. 1: Woodlands and scrub. Cambridge

University Press.

Rodwell, J.S. 1991. British Plant Communities: Vol. 2: Mires and Heaths. Cambridge

University Press.

Rodwell, J.S. 1992. British Plant Communities: Vol. 3: Grasslands and Montane

communities. Cambridge University Press.

Rodwell, J.S. 1995. British Plant Communities: Vol. 4: Aquatic communities, swamps and

tall-herb fens. Cambridge University Press. '

Rodwell, J.S. 2000. British Plant Communities: Vol. 5: Maritime communities and vegetation

of open habitats. Cambridge University Press.

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1x1km

N03122

N03424

Grid reference

31802273

34892420

APPENDIX 1 :TARGET NOTES

Target note

More open canopy allowing a denser groundflora

largely dominated by Galium aparine and Rubus

fruticosus.

The ground flora here is impoverished due to the

planting of beech and conifers.

6

Date Surveyor

May-O~ FM

May-O~ FM

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APPENDIX 2: QUADRAT DATA

I Fraxinus exce/sior - Acer campestre - Mercurialis perennis woodland, Geranium

robertianum sub-community (W8e) I NVC code W8e W8e W8e W8e W8e

Quadrat Number 1 2 3 4 5 I Grid reference N035532456 N035342438 N034752398 N034252387 N033322345

I Acer pseudoplatanus (c) 7 7 8 4 7 V

Quercus robur (c) 3 2 5 3 IV I Fraxinus excelsior (c) 3 3 3 3 IV

Prunus avium (c) 5 5 4 III I Fagus sylvatica (c) 2 2 2 III

U/mus glabra (c) 4 3 11

Sorbus aucuparia (c) 2 2 11 I Acer pseudoplatanus (s) 5 4 2 III I Gorylus avellana (s) 2 4 2 III

Prunus avium (s) 4 3 11

U/mus glabra (s) 3 3 11 I Sambucus nigra (s) 3 3 11

/lex aquifolium (s) 3 2 11 I Sorbus aucuparia (s) 2 3 11

Fraxinus excelsior (s) 2 3 11

I Lonicera periclymenum (s) 3

Grataegus monogyna (s) 3

Allium ursinum 5 7 3 6 8 V I Hyacinthoides non-scripta 7 7 4 6 4 V

I Luzula sylvatica 2 3 3 7 IV

Galium aparine 3 3 3 4 IV

Dryopteris mix-mas 2 4 3 3 IV I Rubus fruticosus agg. 3 3 2 3 IV

Sanicula europaea 2 2 3 3 IV

I Eurhynchium praelongum 7 4 3 III

Hedera helix (g) 3 4 5 III

Mercurialis perennis 8 5 11 I Ranunculus ficaria 5 6 11

Athyrium mix-femina 2 5 11 I Brachypodium sylvaticum 4 3 11

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Fraxinus exce/sior - Acer campestre - Mercurialis perennis woodland, Geranium

robertianum sub-community (W8e) Cont.

I NVC code W8e W8e W8e W8e W8e

Quadrat Number 1 2 3 4 5

I Grid reference N035532456 N035342438 N034752398 N034252387 N033322345

I Galium odoratum 4 3 11

I Poa nemoralis 4 3 11

Gonopodium majus 3 3 11

Mnium hornum 3 3 11

I Fragaria vesca 3 2 11

U/mus glabra (g) 3 2 11

I Dactylis glomerata 2 2 11

Rumex obtusifolius 2 2 11

Silene dioica 2 2 11

I Holcus lanatus 4 :>t:

','

Symphytum tuberosum 4 ,.

I Anemone nemorosa 3

Geranium robertianum 3 ~.

Geum urbanum 3 ,',

I Urtica dioica 3

Atrichum undulatum 3

I Brachythecium rutabulum 3

Plagiomnium undulatum 3

I Thuidium tamariscinum 3

/lex aquifolium (g) 3

Deschampsia cespitosa 2

I Epilobium montanum 2

Scrophularia nodosa 2

I Stellaria graminea 2

Gorylus avellana (g) 2

Rosa seedling/sp. 2

I Heracleum sphondylium

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Quercus robur - Pteridium aquilinum - Rubus fruticosus woodland, Acer pseudoplatanus - Oxalis acetosella sub-community (W10e) I NVC code W10e W10e W10e W10e W10e

Quadrat Number 6 7 8 9 10 I Grid reference N032862290 N032832293 N032772295 N032642292 N032542292

I Acer pseudoplatanus (c) 9 8 8 9 5 V

I Pinus sylvestris (c) 5 3 3 III

Picea sp. (c) 3 4 3 III

Larix sp. (c) 4 4 11

I Alnus glutinosa (c) 4 11

Betula pendula (c) 2 3 11

Prunus avium (c) 4

Fagus sylvatica (c) 2 I Quercus robur (c) 2

Gorylus avellana (s) 2 2 3 III I Lonicera periclymenum (s) 3 4 11

Sorbus aucuparia (s) 3

Acer pseudoplatanus (s) 3 I Dryopteris dilatata 9 5 6 8 5' V

Luzula sylvatica 3 4 8 2 7 V

I Brachythecium rutabulum 2 3 3 7 IV Thuidium tamariscinum 3 4 4 3 IV Oxalis acetosella 3 3 5 2 IV

I Primula vulgaris 2 2 2 3 IV Hyacinthoides non-scripta 4 6 6 III

Eurhynchium praelongum 4 3 5 III Ajuga reptans 2 2 2 III I Dryopteris filix-mas 3 5

Anemone nemorosa 3 4

Rubus fruticosus agg. 3 3 I Mnium hornum 2 3

Galium aparine 3

Geranium robertianum 3 I Holcus lanatus 3

Mercurialis perennis 3

Poa trivialis 3 I Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus 3

Acer pseudoplatanus (g) 3

Potentilla sterilis 2

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I I I

Fraxinus excelsior - Acer campestre - Mercurialis perennis woodland, Geranium robertianum sub-community (W8e)

NVC code W8e W8e W8e W8e W8e

I Quadrat Number 11 12 13 14 15

Grid reference N032302287 N032222285 N032112278 N031352265 N031262267

I Fraxinus excelsior (c) 3 6 7 4 4 V

I U/mus glabra (c) 2 3 3 3 3 V Quercus robur (c) 2 2 2 3 4 V Acer pseudoplatanus (c) 6 3 8 8 IV

I Sorbus aucuparia (c) 3

Fagus sylvatica (c) 2

I Gorylus avellana (s) 2 2 2 5 IV Ulmus glabra (s) 3 4 5 III

Acer pseudoplatanus (s) 7 7 11

I Fraxinus eXcelsior (s) 3 3 11

Sambucus nigra (s) 5 I Grataegus monogyna (s) 4

I Sorbus aucuparia (s) 3

Hyacinthoides nonscripta 6 7 4 2 7 V

I Galium aparine 5 4 6 3 4 V Eurhynchium praelongum 5 6 3 5 IV Rubus fruticosus agg. 3 3 7 3 IV Dryopteris filix-mas 2 4 4 5 IV

I Mercurialis perennis 9 8 3 III Ranunculus ficaria 5 8 6 III Geum urbanum 3 6 4 III

I Silene dioica 3 3 3 III Urtica dioica 3 3 3 III

Dactylis glomerata 4 4

I Poa trivialis 4 4

Biachythecium rutabulum 2 6

Hedera helix (g) 4 3

I Dryopteris dilatata 3 3

Geranium robertlanum 2 4

Primula vulgaris 2 3

I Sanicula europaea 3 2

Geum rivale 2 2 Pteridium aquilinum 4

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Flisk Wood SSSI:

100 o 1

~-200 300 500

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Habitat Codes

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SSSI Boundary FlIsk Wood SSSI _ A1.1.1 Woodland, broedlaaved, semi-natural , /~ A1.1.2 Broad-leaved, plantation

A1.2.1 CaM.reus semi-natural A1.2.2 Coniferous plantation A1.3.1 Mixed woodland, semi-flatural A1.3.2 Mixed woodland, plantation A2.1 Dense scrub AA.1 Recently felled woodland, broodleavos A4.2 Recently felled woodland, conifsf$ AA.3 Rocantly felled woodland, mixed B 1.1 Acid grassland, unimproved 91.2 Acid grassland, semi-improved 82.1 Neutral graMland, unimproved 92.2 Neutral grassland, seml-lmproved 83.1 Calcareous gf8S6lend, unimproved 83.2 calcareous grassland, semi-lmpl"OYed B4 Improved gnIOSland

IS:SJ B5 Marshy grassland B6 Poor seml-lmproved gre&,land

_ C1.1 Continuous blllckon

" C3.1 Tall rude"'l 00 C3.2 Tall Herb, non rude",1 . . DU Dry dwarf heath, a/;ld

01.2 Dry dwarf heath, basic ;"..", 02 Wet dwarf heath

03 Uchenlbrycphyle heath D4 Manlane _rf heath OS Dry heath/acid grassland mosaic 06 Wet heath/add grassland mosaic E 1.6.1 Sphagnum bog, blanket bog E 1.6.2 Sphagnum bog, raI.ed bog E1.7 Wet modified bog E 1.8 Dry Mcdlfled bog E2.1 Flush/spring, acidfneut191 E2.2 FlualVapring, basic E3F." E4 Bare peal

A, F1 Swamp ~ :. ~ F2.2 MarglnaV Inundation - Inundation

_-- ~ G1 StandingwatBr -,'" -1 H1.1 CoastaHntertldel

: ,I ;-' H1 3 Coaotal-Inlertldal 1 I ' - .. H2.6S.Itm.~h - conti"'lous

1, 'h HS.4 Dune slack i ~ . .-, H6.5 Dune grassland

H6.6 Dune heath ..... -...;: H6.7 Duns scrub

H6,8 Open duns .l 111ICJ HB.1 Maritime hard cliff

,f. i" - H8.4 Coastal Grassland __ -+--1/ ~...( H8.S Coastal Heathland

11,2,1 ScroeAcidlnetral 11.3 Limestone pavement 11.4.1 Rock exposure, acid/neutral 11.4.2 Rock exposure, basic 11,5 Cave 12.1 Quany

,'-.<, "=i 12,2 Spoil

12.3 Mine .".".,' 12.4 Refu~tip

J1,1 Arable J1.2 Amenity gra6&land J1 ,3 Ephe~/.hort perenial J1,4 Introduced shrub J3.4 Ephe~/short perenial J3.6 New Buildings

. J4 Bare ground J5 other habitsl NANoAccass Click arrow dotIed

~~~_.~. 11,2,2 H2.4 E3.1 Valley mire E3.2 Basin mire E3.3 Flood1llain mire

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Flisk Wood SSSI:

100 0 1'-_

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100 200 300 400 500

Habitat Codes

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SSSI Boundary v/'f-FiiBk IVe SSSI

Ai.1.1 Woodland, broadleaved, semi-natural ~ A1 .1.2 Broad-leaved, plantation

A 1.2.1 Coniferous semi-natural A 1.2.2 Coniferous plantation A 1.3.1 Mixed woodland, semj~stural A 1.3.2 Mixed woodland, plantation A2.1 Dense 6CnJb M.I Recently foiled ~and, broadleav •• M.2 Recen11y felled woodl.nd, conlf ....

r::::I M.3 Racen11y foiled woodland, mixed B 1.1 Acid grass/and, unimproved B 1.2 Acid gl<!;ssland, seml.lmproved

J.D 82.1 Neutral grassland, unimproved B2.2 Neutral grassland. seml-lmproved 83.1 Calcareous grassland, unlmprQVed 83.2 Calcareous grassland, s9ml~mproved B4 Impnwed grassland

&SI B5 Manshy g .... ,18nd B6 Poor seml-lmproved grassland

_ C1.1 Continuous bracken

'\. " C3.1 Tall rudaral GIIi,;,' C3.2 Tall Hero, non ruderal

01.1 Drydwa~ heath, acid ~ 01 .2 Drydwa~ heath, basic

~'\." 02 Wet dwa~ heath 03 IJchenlbrycphyta heath D4 Montana haath/dwa~ heath D5 Dry heath/acid grassland mosaic D6 Wet heath/acid grassland mosaic EI.6.1 Sphagnum beg, b1.nket beg EI.6.2 Sphagnum beg, raised beg EI.7 Wo! modified beg EI .8 Dry Mlxfified beg E2.1 Flush/spring. acldlnaublll E2.2 Flush/spring, basic E3Fan E4 Bare paal F1 Swamp F2.2 MarginaV inundation - inundation

_ GI SI.nding walar D HI .I Coastal-ln1artidal D HI.3 Coastal-Intartldol

H2.6Saltm81Sh - continuous 77; H8.4 Dune slack

. H6.S Dune gl1!!lBSland ___ ..... H6.S Dune heath

" . HS.7 Dune scrub . '\ HS.8 Open dun. I, H8.1 Marttime hanj cliff

I --' ~;..:::;:::- <:"~ _.- HS.4 Coastal Grassland ,~ H8.5 Coastal Haathland Irq \ 11.2.15cn>aAcidlnatral , C?f \ 11.3 Limestone pavement

- 11.4.1 Rock exposure, acldlneutral "'~ 11.4.2 Rock exposure, basic

11.5 Cava

-\

12.1 Quarry 12.2 Spoil

--- 12.3 Mine \ I ,.' 12.4 Refu6&-tip

'----_~ \ J 1.1 Arabl.

~ JI.3 Ephemeral/.hort perenial

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~ ~._ __ ~ ~~:: ~":t:'=II!~~ peraniel

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~~" _ J3.S New Buildings ~.= ~ J4 B .... ground

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J5 Other hebltal NANoAccess Click arrow dotted 11.2.2 H2.4 E3.1 Valley ml ... E3.2 Basin mire E3.3 Flood1>lain mire

N

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Flisk Wood SSSI: NVC Codes

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Flisk Wood SSSI: Target Notes & Quadrats

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