snapshot feasibility of aliya bet in bharuch district snapshot feasibility of mott macdonald aliya...

Snapshot Feasibility of Mott MacDonald Aliya Bet in Bharuch District Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation

250448/01/A - 07th February, 2009/ P:\Noida\DMC\Projects\250448- Aliyabet Island Feasibility\REPORT\ALIYA BET REPORT\aliyabet_Final_070209.doc/vv

Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation Udyog Bhawan, Block No.-4, Second Floor, Sector-11 Gandhinagar Gujarat- 382017

Snapshot Feasibility of

Aliya Bet in Bharuch District

February 2009 Mott MacDonald A-2, Sector-20, NOIDA- 201301 India Tel: +91 120 254 3582-85 Fax: +91 120 2543562


250448/01/A - 07th February, 2009/ P:\Noida\DMC\Projects\250448- Aliyabet Island Feasibility\REPORT\ALIYA BET REPORT\aliyabet_Final_070209.doc/vv

Snapshot Feasibility of

Aliya Bet in Bharuch District

Issue and Revision Record

Rev Date Originator

Checker

Approver

Description

01 10/12/08

Madhurima Waghmare,

Vikas Verma, Rajnish

Kumar, Sandip

Chakrabarti

Madhurima Waghmare

Shoma Majumdar

Draft Report

02 26/12/08 Madhurima Waghmare, Vikas Verma

Madhurima Waghmare

Shoma Majumdar Final Report

03 07/02/09 Madhurima Waghmare, Vikas Verma

Madhurima Waghmare

Shoma Majumdar

Revised Final Report

This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Mott MacDonald being obtained. Mott MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequence of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person using or relying on the document for such other purpose agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm his agreement to indemnify Mott MacDonald for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Mott MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person by whom it was commissioned.

To the extent that this report is based on information supplied by other parties, Mott MacDonald accepts no liability for any loss or damage suffered by the client, whether contractual or tortious, stemming from any conclusions based on data supplied by parties other than Mott MacDonald and used by Mott MacDonald in preparing this report.


1 250448/01/A - 07th February, 2009 P:\Noida\DMC\Projects\250448- Aliyabet Island Feasibility\REPORT\ALIYA BET REPORT\aliyabet_Final_070209.docReport

List of Contents Page

Chapters and Appendices:

1 Introduction 5

1.1 Background 5

1.2 Scope of Work 5

1.3 Methodology 6 1.3.1 Team Mobilisation 6 1.3.2 Secondary & Primary Data Collection 6 1.3.3 Developmental Plan (Zoning, Infrastructure Costing and Resource Mobilisation) 9 1.3.4 Deliverables 9

1.4 Consultative Approach 9

1.5 Report Structure 10

1.6 Limitations 11

2 Site Analysis 12

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Delineated Site 12 2.2.1 History 13 2.2.2 Demographic Profile 14 2.2.3 Topographic Profile 14 2.2.4 Land use Characteristics 15

2.3 Existing Connectivity 15

2.4 Existing Utilities 16 2.4.1 Water Supply 16 2.4.2 Solid Waste 17 2.4.3 Power Supply 17

2.5 Existing Social Infrastructure 17

2.6 Socio Economic profile of Aliya Bet 18

3 Environment and Socio Economic Issues 19

3.1 Environmental baseline 19 3.1.1 Gulf of Khambhat 19 3.1.2 Aliya Bet 19 3.1.3 Flora and Fauna of Aliya Bet 21 3.1.4 Marine Ecology around Aliya Bet 22

3.2 Geological aspects 22

4 Soil Investigation 25

4.1 General 25

4.2 Significant Characteristics of the Deposit 25



4.3 Description of Stratigraphy and Sub-Soil Profile 25

4.4 Investigations 32 4.4.1 Investigations in Field 33 4.4.2 Investigations in Laboratory 36

4.5 Processed Field Results 39 4.5.1 Standard Penetration Test 39

4.6 Processed Laboratory Results 40 4.6.1 Specific Gravity Test 40 4.6.2 Moisture Content Test 40 4.6.3 Dry Density Test 40 4.6.4 Particle Size Distribution Test 40 4.6.5 Consistency Limit Test 40 4.6.6 Shear Strength Test 41 4.6.7 Consolidation Test 41 4.6.8 Chemical Tests on Soil Samples 41 4.6.9 Chemical Tests on Water Samples 41

4.7 Conclusion 45

5 Development Guidelines 46

5.1 Relative Guidelines 46 5.1.1 Coastal Regulation Zone 46 5.1.2 Coastal Management Zone 48 5.1.3 Coastal Management Zone for Aliya Bet 49 5.1.4 Proposed Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008 49 5.1.5 Gujarat as a Dry State 50

5.2 Stakeholder Consultation 50

5.3 Development Incentives 51

6 Potential Sectors for Development 53

6.1 Introduction 53

6.2 SWOT Analysis 53

6.3 Feasible Developments/ Potential Sectors 61 6.3.1 Entertainment Zone 61 6.3.2 Aquaculture Zone 64 6.3.3 Entertainment and Eco development Zone 65 6.3.4 Forest Zone 65 6.3.5 Offshore Casinos on Cruise Ships 65 6.3.6 Water Sports and Recreation 66 6.3.7 Boat Rides/ Ropeways/ Sky Train 66

6.4 Case Studies 67 6.4.1 Island Development 67 6.4.2 Film City 68 6.4.3 Amusement Park 69 6.4.4 Casinos 70 6.4.5 Resorts and Golf Course 71 6.4.6 Botanical Garden 73 6.4.7 Bird Sanctuary 74 6.4.8 Aquarium 75



7 Conceptual Zoning Plan 76

7.1 Factors for Zoning 76

7.2 Proposed Land use / Zoning 77

7.3 Investment and Employment 78

7.4 Proposed Connectivity 79 7.4.1 Road Connectivity 79 7.4.2 Air Connectivity 79 7.4.3 Water Connectivity 79

7.5 Proposed Utilities 80 7.5.1 Water 80 7.5.2 Waste 81 7.5.3 Power and Gas 81

7.6 Coastal Engineering Aspects 82

7.7 Other Engineering Aspects 82 7.7.1 Reclamation / Land filling 82 7.7.2 Retaining Wall 82

8 Infrastructure Costing and Its Funding 83

8.1 Broad Cost Estimates for development of Entertainment Zone 84

9 Conclusion and Recommendations 85

9.1 Conclusion 85

9.2 Recommendations 87

Appendix A Contact List 89

Appendix B Contour Map 90

Appendix C Land Map 91

Appendix D Existing Land Use Map 92

Appendix E 7/12 Extract 93

Appendix F Existing Infrastructure Map 94

Appendix G Environmentally sensitive Areas Map 95

Appendix H Marine Ecology Details: NIO, Mumbai 96

Appendix I Published Paper on Geology, M S University, Vadodara 97

Appendix J Soil Investigation Report 98

Appendix K CMZ Draft Notification 99

Appendix L Liquor Prohibition Policy Pink Paper, Ambrosia, Sep. 06, Dec. 06 100

Appendix M Conceptual Zoning Map 101



Appendix N Conceptual Sub Zoning Map 102

Appendix O Proposed Infrastructure Map 103

Figure 1.1: Study Approach .................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 2.1: Location of Aliya Bet.......................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2.2: Topographic profile of Aliya Bet...................................................................................... 14 Figure 2.3: Existing Connectivity of Aliya Bet.................................................................................... 16 Figure 3.1: Degraded areas along coastal Gujarat................................................................................. 20 Figure 3.2: Pollution in rivers around Aliya Bet ................................................................................... 20 Figure 3.3: Vegetation in Aliya Bet ...................................................................................................... 21 Figure 3.4: Shoreline changes of Aliya Bet.......................................................................................... 23 Figure 4.1: Bore Log of Bore Hole - 1 .................................................................................................. 27 Figure 4.2: Bore Log of Bore Hole - 2 .................................................................................................. 28 Figure 4.3: Bore Log of Bore Hole - 3 .................................................................................................. 29 Figure 4.4: Bore Log of Bore Hole - 4 .................................................................................................. 30 Figure 4.5: Bore Log of Bore Hole - 5 .................................................................................................. 31 Figure 4.1: Field Electrical Resistivity Test Results ............................................................................. 36 Figure 5.2: Chilka Lake......................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 7.1: Proposed Zones and Sub-Zones in Aliya Bet ..................................................................... 77 Table 1.1: Main Respondents contacted for the Study............................................................................ 8 Table 2.1: Land Details of Aliya Bet..................................................................................................... 13 Table 4.1: Description of Field and Laboratory Tests........................................................................... 32 Table 4.2: Depth of Water Table from Ground Level........................................................................... 33 Table 4.3: Corrected ‘N’ value from SPT Test ..................................................................................... 41 Table 4.4: Summarised Test Results (Bore Hole – 1) ........................................................................... 42 Table 4.5: Summarised Test Results (Bore Hole – 2) ........................................................................... 43 Table 4.6: Summarised Test Results (Bore Hole – 3) ........................................................................... 43 Table 4.7: Summarised Test Results (Bore Hole – 4) ........................................................................... 44 Table 4.8: Summarised Test Results (Bore Hole – 5) ........................................................................... 44 Table 4.9: Chemical Analyses of Soil Samples..................................................................................... 45 Table 4.10: Chemical Analyses of Water.............................................................................................. 45 Table 5.1: Nayachar Island.................................................................................................................... 47 Table 6.1: SWOT Analysis of possible Activities/Developments in Aliya Bet .................................... 53 Table 6.2: Development Feasibility Assessment Summary .................................................................. 60 Table 7.1: Area Statement of the Proposed Land use / Zones............................................................... 77 Table 7.2: Estimated Investment and Employment for Entertainment Zone ........................................ 78 Table 7.3: Estimated Water Requirement for Entertainment Zone ....................................................... 80 Table 7.4: Estimated Power Requirement for Entertainment Zone....................................................... 81 Table 8.1: Broad Cost Estimation for Road Augmentation for Aliya Bet............................................. 83 Table 8.2: Broad Cost Estimation for Land development of Entertainment Zone................................ 84 Table 8.3: Summarised Cost Estimate for Entertainment Zone ........................................................... 84



1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Aliya Bet, a newly formed peninsula on the estuary of river Narmada in Bharuch District, Gujarat. It is

flanked by the proposed Petroleum Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Region (PCPIR) on

northern side across river Narmada and Gulf of Khambhat on the western side. As per a recent survey

carried out by the District Land Records Department (DILR), Bharuch, the total size of Aliya Bet is

16,858 hectares. 28 % of this land (4654 hectares) was allocated to the forest department in 1984. This

place is bereft of any legal human population. Salinity in the land has resulted into absence of

agricultural activities. A part of the Aliya Bet is prone to submergence during high tide. During normal

time, the land is accessible by land from adjacent town, Hansot situated on the eastern side of Aliya

Bet.

Aliya Bet has uneven surface and has creeks along its edges. The dimension and area have changed

over years with change in the flow of the Narmada River.

In the backdrop of the demand for developed land in the State by various investment proposals, GIDC

has resolved to explore idle locations which may require some land development, reclamation, etc. for

setting up new estates. GIDC is considering using Aliya Bet for setting up entertainment spaces like

amusement zone, film city, resorts and golf courses along with Aqua Park, marine industries, eco

tourism and forest zone. The units that are proposed to be set up on the land will not generate any

process effluents.

1.2 Scope of Work

As per the RFP document, the project involves preparation of a snapshot Techno-Feasibility Study

Report about the suitability of Aliya Bet for setting up a large Estate/SEZ mainly comprising of

pollution free units. The scope of work for the consultancy includes the following:

• Preliminary Topographic detail of the land to assess site.

• Current land use and factors inhibiting profitable use of the land.

• Demographic indicators.

• Detailed soil investigations at least at 5 locations; north, west, south, east and middle of the

Aliya Bet to ascertain soil quality and the holding/load-bearing capacity of the land and

examine suitability of the land on the basis of such examination.

• Cursory Physical Investigation studies involving port and coastal engineering studies

including assessment of the draft conditions, linkages with nearby ports etc.

• Baseline Cursory Environment Condition Study including consultation with GPCB, MoEF,

GMB, Industries on development of Aliya Bet.

• Cursory examination on CRZ restrictions and determining the usable land area for various

purposes and indicative land use plan.



• Cursory study of the steps, such as, reclamation, retaining walls, land filling, bridge, access-

road, etc. to be taken for effective utilization of the land with ball-park block cost estimates.

Information on one successful international and national model is desirable.

• Based on the above, conclude the feasibility of land use and the various activities that can be

taken up on the land.

• Suggestive model for provision of infrastructure such as water, power, disposal of sewage etc.

on the reclaimed land.

1.3 Methodology

1.3.1 Team Mobilisation

The study team comprising of relevant technical people was mobilised within two weeks of receiving

the work order.

The study commenced with the mobilization of the project team each having pre-defined roles and

responsibilities. The team had an internal brainstorming to finalize the study methodology, the data to

be collected, the information required from the client, the list of respondents for the primary survey

etc. This was followed by a meeting with the client to present our study understanding and the

proposed output. During this stage, mutual discussions were held with the client to finalise the study

output, the data requirements from the client and the required assistance for preparation of the study

output within the desired time.

1.3.2 Secondary & Primary Data Collection

Mott MacDonald had requested GIDC to procure the recent Satellite Images of Aliya Bet at a 5-6 m

resolution to determine the current land use. Land records, for the area were collected from the Survey

Office at Bharuch. The analysis of these data provided insights about the existing land use

characteristics and suitability of the same for industrial and other use. The topography of the site has

been analysed from the data interpretation of the satellite imagery as provided by BISAG.

The primary survey mainly included site visits, visit to the district headquarter and detailed

interactions with relevant stakeholders as per the indicative list in Table 1.1. The list was elaborated

upon at the inception phase.

Soil investigations were undertaken at 5 locations on the land including north, west, south, east and

middle of the Aliya Bet to ascertain soil quality and the holding/load-bearing capacity of the land.

Bore-holes of depth varying between 10-20 m were dug in five different locations to assess the soil

stratification along with their engineering properties.



Information on the Marine infrastructure around the land of Aliya Bet was collected from the available

secondary sources and discussions with the relevant experts of Gujarat Maritime Board. Information

pertaining to the draft conditions, connectivity with neighbouring ports and relevant information with

respect to effluent treatment facilities around the area were also gathered. The following reports and

documents have been referred for preparation of this report:

• Coastal marine Environment of Gujarat- Report II Gulf of Khambhat by Gujarat Ecological

Society, Vadodara, May,1998.

• Evolution of Landforms on Narmada and Tapti Estuarine Deltas, Gujarat (Published paper by

S.Ganapathi and A.N.Pandey, Department of Geology, M.S.University, Baroda).

• Pink Paper, Ambrosia, September 06, Liquor Prohibition Policy (accessed from

www.ambrosiaindia/2006/Septem/Ambrosia6.pdf)

• Pink Paper, Ambrosia, December 06, (www.ambrosiaindia/2006/dec/Ambrosia4.pdf)

• Copy of presentation by Department of Fisheries- feasibility study for Aquaculture on Aliya

Bet (collected from Collectorate office Bharuch).

• Project report on Improved Technology, Prawn Farming in 5-Hectare Area (Tiger prawn) by

Department of Fisheries, Bharuch.

• Action Plan for development of export oriented Aquaculture in Maritime states of India by

Commissionerate of Fisheries, Gandhinagar.

• Copy of presentation by BEAIL on 20MLD Expansion Project for effluent treatment.

• Draft Notification CMZ, 21st July, 2008 (Coastal Management Zone-CMZ notification, 2008)

by Ministry of Environment and Forests.

• Photographs, Imageries and Maps from BISAG.

• Land record Details by DILR, Bharuch (GPS survey record- by Deendayal Institute of Land &

Survey, Gandhinagar)

• 7/12 Extract from Mamladar office.

• Extract 6 from Mamladar office.

• Forest Map prepared by ONGC (submitted to forest department, Gandhinagar)

• Maps prepared by Gujarat Ecology Commission, Vadodara.

• Documentary on Aliya Bet prepared by Narmada Channel, Bharuch

• Proposed Gujarat Industrial region Ordinance, 2008.

• Information regarding Aliya Bet- GIDC Ankleshwar.

• Golf Course Architecture and Design- Vijit Nandrajog, Delhi.



• SGDC- The Future of Golf.

• Costing Parameters Golf course by Hari Achanta, Bangalore

• “The land of million dreams” by Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad.

• “If unlimited fun is your religion, welcome to heaven” by Wonderla, The amusement park,

Bangalore.

• Marketing brochure of The Golf Resort’, Eagleton, Bangalore, India.

• Dredging in Coastal Waters by D. Eisma, Published by Taylor and Francis, 2005, Pg 201,

section 8.3.3.2

• Database of Dubai architectural styles, architects and regions (accessed from www.dubai-

architecture.info on 8th Dec 2008)

Detailed Interactions with GIDC revealed the demand for specific industries for Aliya Bet. Necessary

analogies were drawn from such other Industrial Areas in India and Abroad to assess the type and

nature of non-polluting industries and also their development benchmarks. Information related to CRZ

was discussed with Ministry of Environment and Forest and the Pollution Control Board to assess

their viewpoint on the type and nature of Industries that can be set up on Aliya Bet and CRZ related

issues. The contact list is enclosed as Appendix A.

Table 1.1: Main Respondents contacted for the Study

S.No. Information Parameters studied Source

1. Land use Total Geographical area, Forest Area, Area Under Non Agriculture, Barren and Uncultivable Land, Other Land use

Reconnaissance survey Satellite Images- BISAG

Survey Office, Bharuch

2. Demography Decadal Change in Population

Census 2001,1991,1981

DILR, Interactions with

neighbouring villages

through open ended

questionnaires

3. Infrastructure Availability

Existing Basic Infrastructure in the region including nearest fresh water source, power availability, road/rail/air connectivity, nearest social infrastructure facilities

Reconnaisance Survey

Bharuch District

Departments

4. Environment related Issues

Aforestation Plan, Coastal Regulatory Zone Identification, Tidal Changes etc.

Forest Department, Gandhinagar, MoEF, GPCB, Bharuch

5. Coastal Engineering

Draft Conditions, Nearest Port and connectivity therein

GMB



1.3.3 Developmental Plan (Zoning, Infrastructure Costing and Resource Mobilisation)

Based on the existing land use and technical reports, Mott MacDonald planners created broad zoning

plan with prime focus on non polluting industrial and tourism development. The industrial

development is proposed to be developed in an integrated fashion with the existing land, forest and sea

resources. A study of steps, such as, reclamation, retaining walls, land filling, access-road, etc. were

taken for effective utilization and block cost estimates are provided at this stage. Suggestive model for

provision of infrastructure such as water, power, solid waste disposal etc. on the reclaimed land has

also been suggested.

1.3.4 Deliverables

Based on the data that was collected from various sources the following output has been generated & submitted as deliverables of the study:

• Primary Report & Preliminary presentation on 4th November 2008- this was held with GIDC

and other stakeholders in the state wherein the development issues & preliminary concept plan

was discussed and finalised.

• Draft Report (two hard copies), Final Report (three hard copies and one soft copy &

Presentation at the end of 7 weeks.

1.4 Consultative Approach

Mott MacDonald approach to assignments are result oriented guided by the following 4 prong

approach. The development planning project needs were taken up through consultative process with

the various stakeholders in the State. The assignment is taken in close co-ordination with the various

relevant State Government Departments.



Figure 1.1: Study Approach

1.5 Report Structure

The structure of the report is presented the following table.

Number Chapter Description

1. Introduction This chapter gives the background of the study area and also discusses the scope of work and methodology for the study.

2. Site Analysis This chapter examines the features of the site in terms of land use, physical & social infrastructure and prevalent socio-economic conditions.

3. Environmental Issues This Chapter does a detailed analysis of the issues pertaining to Environment. It also lays down the baseline environmental conditions of the site and the region.

4. Soil Investigation This chapter gives the details of all the field and laboratory tests that were conducted for this study. It also describes the SBC calculations of the soil for different types of foundations.

5. Development Guidelines

This chapter discuses the relevant regulations and Acts like: CRZ, CZM, Gujarat Investment Regions Ordinance, etc.

6. Potential Sectors of development

This chapter discusses the potential industrial sectors that could be housed in the delineated site and the reasons thereof. It also discusses the case studies that were done for the study.

7. Conceptual Zoning Plan This chapter identifies the broad zones for development, their sub zones and the proposed suggestive model for infrastructure provision.

8. Infrastructure Costing and Funding

This chapter provides the project cost that would be incurred for development of the entertainment zone and the approach route.

9. Conclusion and Recommendations

On the basis of the detailed conclusions drawn from the report, further studies have been recommended in this chapter.

Complete solution for the Client through involvement of each specialised skills in planning, engineering, environment, infrastructure & power – involving Consultative Approach

by interactions with stakeholders Assured Quality of Services

as all offices of Mott Mac Donald India are certified for ISO 9001:2000 by the LRQA of London. All projects are conducted in the best of quality, least environment impacts & with safety.

Timelines of projects are strongly adhered to by Mott Mac Donald team. In cases of projects with short time duration, a larger study team is involved to complete the work in given time but upkeeping best quality as desired by the Client.

Good understanding of the Study Area Mott MacDonald has been working in the study area (Dahej) for substantial time frame on the PCPIR project and hence has good understanding and some available data of the region

WHY

MOTT MACDONALD



1.6 Limitations

The study was carried out under the following limitations:

� The study region experienced unseasoned rains during September (when the study was

awarded), which delayed the soil investigation process and also the reconnaissance survey.

� Some data was in Gujarati, therefore translation was required.

� Verification of land records data from different sources took time.

� Data was not updated in many cases. Hence the data had to be cross checked, which took time.

� The procurement of satellite images from BISAG, Gandhinagar took significant time.

� The Coastal Regulation Zone map is still not available, hence, data interpretation based on

available reports and discussions with relevant authority has been done

� The marine ecology data was not made available by BEAIL.



2 Site Analysis

2.1 Introduction

Reconnaissance surveys of the site were made by the study team at four different time periods during

the course of study. During these visits assessment of site conditions, data collection and soil

investigation were done. The first site visit involved a general land use survey. The environmentally

sensitive areas were also tentatively mapped during this visit. The subsequent visits were undertaken

for a detailed understanding of the existing land use in terms of the existing habitations, government

land, availability of infrastructure, existing vegetation, environmentally sensitive areas, etc. All aspects

under study have been detailed in subsequent sections.

2.2 Delineated Site

Aliya Bet, lies between longitude 72° 35’ – 72° 52’ E & latitude 21° 30’ – 21° 40’ N. It is currently a

peninsula (was earlier an island) falling in Wagra Taluka of Bharuch District in Gujarat State. It lies at

confluence of river Narmada and the Arabian Sea in Gulf of Khambhat. The site is surrounded by

GPCPIR on the northern side, Gulf of Khambhat to the West, Marshy land and few villages of Hansot

Taluka towards south and eastern side. Refer figure 2.1 below.

Figure 2.1: Location of Aliya Bet

Aliya Bet



The delineated site has two independent survey numbers but falls under the jurisdiction of gram

panchayat of Kaladra village located on the northern side of Aliya Bet. The net usable area is 16858

hectares (168 sq. km). Table 2.1 below gives the details of the land of Aliya Bet. Also Refer Appendix

C for the Land Map and E for Land area details from DILR.

Table 2.1: Land Details of Aliya Bet

1. Area of Aliya Bet as per DILR record (GPS Survey and

Cadastral map)

( Figures in Hectares)

Survey no. 1 8255.84 Ha 8555.05

Survey no. 2 299.20 Ha

2. Area submerged under water from Survey no 1 3244.85

3. Available land area of both Survey Numbers on Aliya Bet 5310.19



4. Newly created Aliya Bet Area 11547.66

5. Total land area including newly created and existing survey

areas of Aliya Bet.

16857.85

6. Net Usable Land (5) 16857

7. Area from the net usable land allocated to forest department

since 1984 as reserved forest by Forest Dept Under Indian

Forest Act

4653.88

2.2.1 History

It is estimated that Aliya Bet is a 6000 year old island in Narmada estuary region. It has now joined to

the main land because of the silt deposition in Narmada River. After construction of Sardar Sarovar

Dam, water from Narmada River was diverted to the northern areas of Gujarat leading to a drop in the

water levels at Narmada estuary region. The drop in water levels lead to the emergence of the

submerged areas. There was considerable amount of silt deposition also in the subsequent years. The

result of all these changes was that the southern and south eastern edges of Aliya Bet have joined the

main land of Hansot taluka. Aliya Bet has today become a peninsula.



2.2.2 Demographic Profile

There are no legal habitants of Aliya Bet but according to DILR records around 101 families are

illegally staying in Aliya Bet. The total population of Aliya Bet is 427 persons out of which 219

habitants are males and 208 are females. They are staying on the north eastern edge of Aliya Bet. Most

of the habitants are Muslims from Kutch region who are staying here for the past three generations.

Their basic source of income is agriculture and animal husbandry. Some of the habitants are also

involved in fishing business.

2.2.3 Topographic Profile

Figure 2.1 below provides the longitudinal cross section of the site showing the variations of contour

levels along Aliya Bet. Please refer Appendix B for the Map showing 1m intervals contour details.

The prima facie estimation percentages of areas in different contour interval ranges are as below:

Sr No Contour Interval Range Percentage of total area of 16324

hectares

1 3-5 meters 14 %

2 5-7 meters 22 %

3 7-11 meters 64 %

Figure 2.2: Topographic profile of Aliya Bet

As seen in the above cross section, Aliya Bet has a topographic variation between 3m to 11m for a

length of 24km.



2.2.4 Land use Characteristics

“Aliya” meaning grass and “Bet” means an island so Aliya Bet means an island with grass. At the time

of the fourth nightly high tide known as ‘Poornima’ and ‘Amavas’ in local language, a considerable

portion of the Aliya Bet, except for the areas along the road and some areas on north eastern side, is

submerged in water. From a prima facie understanding the water level on site at the time of high tide is

generally between 1-2m. The daily high tide called “Bharti” in local language generally comes twice a

day. The land area beyond high tide level on the landward side is around 11%. The delineated area

has a relatively flat terrain with many natural creeks mostly along the edges. Refer Appendix D for

existing land use Map. The area occupied by mangroves is 1.04%.

According to DILR records and 7/12 extract (Refer Appendix E), the land area allocated to forest

department in 1984 is 4653.88 Ha (28%). It is and marked on the land with prominent pillars. It

occupies a prominent position on the site. It is designated as Reserved Forest (but there is no

vegetation since last 20years). Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Limited (GNFC),

Bharuch was given area of 3557 Ha in 1987 for plantation by the forest department, but they were not

successful. Therefore, GNFC returned the land to the forest department in year 2003. Recently the

Forest department has developed some fish ponds within the forest area on Aliya Bet to attract birds.

2.3 Existing Connectivity

Aliya Bet is around 7 km from Hansot Town and 23 km from the NH 8 passing through Ankleshwar.

The nearest railway station is at Ankleshwar and the nearest Airport is at Vadodara. Refer figure 2.1

below for connectivity map.

There is one existing single lane road connectivity from Hansot to the main land of Aliya Bet. Aliya

Bet is also connected through water from the northern side with the villages of Vengini, Kaladra,

Samni, Kaswa, Bharbhut and Samni. However, it is possible to cross the river only during high tides

as the water level in Narmada drops to nearly 2 feet during low tide.

Bharbhut and Vengini are the major ports on the Northern side of Aliya Bet. The nearest village on the

northern side to Aliya Bet is Samni at a distance of 4.5 km by boat. Bharbhut and Samni have the

potential of becoming the future points for boat connectivity to the delineated site.



Figure 2.3: Existing Connectivity of Aliya Bet

2.4 Existing Utilities

2.4.1 Water Supply

There is no water supply system on Aliya Bet. The drinking

water by the local inhabitants is taken from Narmada River. Most

other villages around Aliya Bet have either wells or hand pumps.

Please refer map 4/EI for existing infrastructure attached as

Appendix F

The water supply to the north of Aliya Bet in Dahej region is through Narmada Canal network. The

main distribution network of Narmada canal finishes at Tham village. The secondary network of the

canal with diameter of 30cm X 30cm reaches up to Mahegam village. Aliya Bet is on the higher

contour levels as compared to Mahegam. As per our discussions with Engineers of Narmada Canal

network it is not very much feasible to get the water supply for Aliya Bet from Narmada Canal.

The eastern and southern edge of Aliya Bet is flanked by Hansot Taluka. The water supply in Hansot

Taluka is through Ukai Canal Network. The secondary network of Ukai canal is till Ambetha village

through open channels. The water from these channels is used for irrigation. However, drinking water

is taken by the villagers from Lalit Sagar Lake in Hansot which is also connected to Ukai Canal

Network.



2.4.2 Solid Waste

Aliya Bet does not have any existing solid waste management system.

2.4.3 Power Supply

Currently, power supply is not available on Aliya Bet. However, 220 KV

Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation Limited (GETCO) power network

line is passing through the eastern side of Aliya Bet in Hansot Taluka. There

is also an existing 66 KV substation at Hansot. On the northern side of Aliya

Bet across Narmada river, power is available from Gujarat Electricity Board

(GEB) mainly from 220 KV Hardware Substation (linked with the grid of the

state utility GETCO) by 220 KV Dahej-Haldwara circuit line. There is a 220

KV substation situated at the centre of Dahej, which is connected to

Haldwara substation at a distance of 60 km. Please refer map 4/EI for

existing infrastructure attached as Appendix F

The state Government has provided small solar power lighting for individual households and few solar

powered street lights on the Aliya Bet, mainly on the north eastern edge.

2.5 Existing Social Infrastructure

There is only a Primary School, a Masjid and a Temple in Aliya Bet. However, the availability of

primary schools in the region around Aliya Bet is almost 100 per cent. The Health infrastructure is

moderately developed in the region around Aliya Bet. In the coastal region around the gulf of

Khambhat, tap water is available in around 63% of villages. Ankleshwar and Bharuch have the

potential to provide all major social infrastructure facilities to Aliya Bet.



2.6 Socio Economic profile of Aliya Bet

As discussed in section 2.2.2, there is no legal habitation on Aliya Bet. However, according to the

DILR records 100-110 Jat (people migrated from Kutch region of Gujarat State) families illegally

inhabit the north eastern part of Aliya Bet. Their houses are of temporary nature. There is one primary

school on Aliya Bet. There are around 10-15 huts along the central spine road of Aliya Bet. They

appear to be nomadic in nature with temporary huts made of bamboo poles and grass cover. They are

not literate, however over the years they have learnt to speak and partially read Gujarati language.

These families have livestock. Buffalo milk is extracted in Aliya Bet and sold in Hansot on motorcycle

and tempos. Milk is also taken to Surat city for selling purpose. Few families also practice

Aquaculture on the land, but at a very small scale. People also catch fish from the small ponds created

by forest department in the forest area. Some of the people are also engaged in camel trading.



3 Environment and Socio Economic Issues

3.1 Environmental baseline

3.1.1 Gulf of Khambhat

Aliya Bet is part of Gulf of Khambhat, which is marked by a number of estuaries, islands, mudflats,

cliffs, salt-marshes and mangrove swamps. A number of studies including Land sat data have

indicated significant geomorphologic changes in the last two decades in the Gulf of Khambhat. Gulf of

Khambhat in general also has to sustain the pressures of rapid industrial growth of the region. The

coastal region of the Gulf of Khambhat passes through semi-arid, medium and high rainfall regions.

Gulf of Khambhat also has the world’s highest tidal amplitude (11m). The coastal marshes and

mudflats provide feeding areas for large numbers of herons, egrets, storks, and ibises which breed in

groves of trees in nearby towns and villages, such as Bhavnagar, Gogha, Khambhat, Bharuch, and

Surat.

Gulf of Khambhat has Dry tropical monsoon climate with an average annual rainfall of about 800 mm.

The monsoon commences on June or July and ends in September, but the rainfall is erratic in

occurrence, duration, and intensity. The winters are generally cool and dry, with minimum

temperatures around 10° C. The pre-monsoon period in March-June is very hot, with temperatures

reaching 45° C.

3.1.2 Aliya Bet

Aliya Bet is an estuary situated at the mouth of Narmada river between longitude 72° 35’ – 72° 52’ E

& latitude 21° 30’ – 21° 40’ N. Aliya Bet was formed during the last rise of sea level after the last

glaciations. All the estuaries in Gulf of Khambhat except for Aliya Bet have a wider mudflat area.

Aliya Bet has a comparatively straight bank unlike others which have meanders that allow more area

to remain under tidal waters.

The predominant winds in the post monsoon season are from north and north east as well as North

West direction for most of the times. During pre-monsoon months dominant wind directions are SW,

W and SSW. Wind speed does not exceed 20 kmph for 73.7% of the time (as per the windrose

diagram for summer season for the nearest location at Vadodara)

The frequency of cyclones in west coast is very low and cyclones in the region are rare.

Bharuch coastline has sub humid climate and experiences a mean rainfall of around 800 mm.

According to a research carried out by Gujarat Ecological Society, The drainage area of Narmada is

>150,000 square kilometres. The average monthly discharge of Narmada exceeds 2000 cubic meters

per second. Narmada discharges large volume of sediments and also suspended load. The muddy

nature of Narmada water seen from Aliya Bet is due to the presence of sediments and suspended

matter in the river water. Refer figure 3.2 below for pollution level around Aliya Bet.



The region is also experiencing salinity ingress. The ground water in this region has generally high

salinity (above 2000 ppm). It was observed during the reconnaissance survey that Industrial pollution

from Amlakhadi also reached the estuary region.

All these factors together contribute to the degradation of Aliya Bet land. Please refer the figure 3.1

and 3.2 below showing the degraded talukas and polluted rivers around Aliya Bet. The following maps

in the figures are generated by Gujarat Ecology Commission in 2006.

Figure 3.1: Degraded areas along coastal Gujarat

Figure 3.2: Pollution in rivers around Aliya Bet



Aliya bet has many creeks on its edges, especially towards the southern edge. Based on the above

discussion, the environmentally sensitive areas of Aliya bet have been mapped. Please refer map 5/ES

attached as Appendix G

3.1.3 Flora and Fauna of Aliya Bet

Mangroves are found on the eastern coast of Gulf of Khambhat. A small dense patch of mangrove

(Avicennia marina) is found on the southern edge of Aliya Bet in intertidal zone. A wild shrub

(Prosophis Juliflora) commonly known as ‘Babul’ is sparsely spread in most part of Aliya Bet.

Since most part of Aliya Bet land receives saline water at least once in a fortnight during the high tide,

no other vegetation can survive there. However, considerably dense vegetation along with tree growth

is found on the extreme north eastern edge of Aliya Bet along the river, which is beyond the high tide

level as seen in figure 3.3 below. Narmada also has a very special type of fish (local name Modar),

found only in Kolkata apart from this place.

Figure 3.3: Vegetation in Aliya Bet

The forest officials of Bharuch have spotted various birds on Aliya Bet. Some of them are also

migratory birds like Roofer Streyed Shrike. Migratory birds from the Northern part of the world:

China, Siberia and Russia are said to visit Gulf of Khambhat and Aliya Bet. Around 20,000 flamingos

visit Aliya Bet in a year. Other regional and national birds like: Painted Stork, Reef Harron, Large

Egret, Little Egret, Common Green Shrank, Pond Harron., Desert Wheatear, Leftwing, Lark, Common

Sand Piper, Green Sand Piper, White Breasted kingfisher, Grey Shrike, Crested Lark, Black Drongo,

River Tern, Red Turtle Dove, Whimbrell, Curllew, Red Shrank, Common Crane, Black Headed Gull

have also been spotted. Narmada Estuary does not have any vulnerable marine or estuarine animals.

Vegetation

Mangroves



3.1.4 Marine Ecology around Aliya Bet

National Institute of Oceanology, regional centre, Mumbai had carried out a study related to Marine

ecology in waters around Gulf of Khambhat. The mail aspects are discussed below. Please refer

Appendix H for reference.

The influence of organic pollution appears to be low in Narmada estuary. Freshwater entering

Narmada estuary is high in NO3 to the order of 15 mg – at 1 -1 in the riverine zone. It decreases to

about 5 mg – at 1-1 at the mouth. The supply of PO4 3- – P I Narmada is decreases from 2 mg – at 1-1 at

the mouth to around 1 mg – at 1 -1 beyond 35 Km. However during the monsoons the concentration of

Nitrates and Phosphates levels go higher.

Some studies conducted during early eighties indicated that the Narmada estuary sustains appreciable

level of phytoplankton pigments. It was also observed that the during the monsoon period, values of

chlorophyll (7.8 mg/cu.mt) decreased from pre monsoon levels (31.48 mg/cu mt) to post monsoon

levels(19.3 mg/cu t). Presence of Zooplankton (a kind of plankton) was not found to be on a very high

side and showed seasonal variation in the Narmada estuary.

Narmada estuary also has a higher concentration of biomass and benthos (organisms living near

marine sedimentary environments) compared to other estuaries like Purna and Mindola in Gulf of

Khambhat. This is an indicator of better water quality and a stable substratum.

3.2 Geological aspects

In geological terminology, Aliya Bet is a river mouth bar or an estuary. It is around 22 Km in length

and 11 Km in width. It is an east-west aligned peninsula at the mouth of Narmada River.

The land consists of sands derived from muddy supra cover derived from the sea. It is an upturned

liver shaped land with a central part well stabilised. It is a long linear sand river mouth bar parallel to

the tidal flow. These features are very common in macro-tidal estuaries. (Tidal range>5m)

The increase in the size of Aliya Bet is due to active coastal accretion processes at the estuarine

mouth; perhaps growth on the higher topographic surfaces of the submerged marine floor.

The analysis of the various Images and top sheets in time sequence have shown marked changed in the shoreline along the Narmada estuary as well as in the size and shape of Aliya Bet. As seen in figure 3.4, Aliya Bet has grown eastward and merged with the mainland. The channel east of Aliya Bet has been filled up. The growth of the land is seen on the southern side also.



Figure 3.4: Shoreline changes of Aliya Bet

Various researches from the geology department of MS University, Vadodara, have researched and

put forth different opinions, regarding the growth of Aliya Bet. They research findings are summarized

below. Please refer attached Appendix I for the published paper.

One of the researchers suggests that the growth of Aliya Bet is due to the following three reasons:

(1) Laterally swinging water is reflected from the banks and in the process erodes them and deposits

the material at the periphery of Aliya Bet on both sides.

(2) During floods, the huge sediment load brought by the river is spread over the land.

(3) During the mixing of fresh water with saline water of Gulf of Khambhat in the vicinity of Aliya

Bet, clay particles are flocculated and form aggregates which settle down to form mudflats and during

high tides these clay aggregates are stirred up again and transported upstream and deposited over

Aliya Bet.

BISAC image 2007



According to another researcher, the growth of Aliya Bet is due to the fact that the rate of river

deposition is higher than the rate of removal by sea water currents. Others have suggested that Aliya

Bet represents presently an active coastal accretion phase.



4 Soil Investigation

4.1 General

Detailed geotechnical investigation has been done through external expert agency with a view to

assess the suitability of sub-soil for laying shallow foundations / piled foundations which included

field and laboratory investigation work. Field investigation includes boring and soil sampling work

and conducting specified field tests. On the other hand, laboratory investigation consists of the

determination of physical and engineering characteristics of the soil samples. In addition, other tests

that are found necessary are also conducted on these soil samples.

4.2 Significant Characteristics of the Deposit

The site is located in River Narmada, adjacent to Arabian Sea, thereby having marine environment.

The climate in the area is semi-arid and humid that may normally give rise to residual type of

weathered material if retained at the same place. In present instance, a forceful transporting agent that

is sea waves, displaces the residual weathered product and accumulates the transported material. The

formation of the soil body in such cases would normally be in layers of different characteristics.

Therefore, a careful inspection of the site was conducted initially.

During site inspection, accumulation of highly organic material is found on the surface along with

some type of geologic deposit. This material may have been accumulated in depression area where

water table remained high throughout the year and where climatic conditions were favourable to the

growth of aquatic vegetation. The surface material is organic having high natural water content. This

material is sticky, soft and compressible. The genetic conditions of the area reveal that this material

may be plastic or non-plastic silt. Deep beds of silt, often more or less organic, are encountered near

the present or former shores of oceans.

Plastic silts may derive their plasticity either from a high percentage of plate-shaped particles or from

appreciable organic contents. When these deposits are below the water table and have never been

exposed to drying, they are likely to be soft and compressible as normally loaded clays near the liquid

limit. Hence, plastic silts have many of the characteristics of soft to medium clays. For this reason,

plastic silt is considered synonymous to clay soil.

The lower layer of deposit generally consists of non-plastic silt/ fine sand because of absence of

organic content. This non-plastic cohesion-less silt exhibits most of the characteristics of fine sand.

4.3 Description of Stratigraphy and Sub-Soil Profile

The sub-soil stratum has layers of different texture and nature. Field examination of sub-soil within

five open pits revealed that the surface soil up to 1.3 m depth is brown coloured silt-clay. This soil is

found to possess considerable plasticity. The underlying layer up to 3.0 m depth consists of Black

sandy silt. The plasticity of the soil in this layer continuously decreases with depth.



Whereas, the resistivity-sounding test within the site indicated five different layers within the depth of

34.0 m (Elec. Resistivity Test-Result). As per these test findings, the surface 3.0 m deep soil layer

consists of costal alluvium, the soil between 3.0 m to 8.0 m depths is blackish brown stiff sandy clay,

and the soil layer existing between 8.0 m to 15.0 m depths contains blackish brown stiff clay with fine

silt. The soil layer within 16.0 m to 20.0 m depths is composed of Gray clay with fine silty sand and

the soil stratum below 20.0 m depth is made of Gray stiff clay soil. It may be noted that the findings

from resistivity sounding tests many times do not exhibit the true field conditions.

Physical and engineering properties determination tests clearly revealed that there shall be two main

layers, one being cohesive and other being non-cohesive. The surface layer of 3.0 m thickness is a

layer of plastic silt exhibiting characteristics similar to clay. The underlying layer consists of non-

cohesive plastic silt exhibiting characteristics similar to fine sand. The water table is located within

this layer. The upper plastic silt layer is semi-porous that would not allow normal fluctuations in water

table. The average depth of water table may therefore be the highest elevation of water table reached

during the year.

Field boring operations were conducted up to 10.0 - 20.0 m depth (as seen in Figures 4.1 – 4.5 below)

in all bore holes, but the laboratory investigation is undertaken on samples of soil located up to bore

depth. On the basis of grain size analyses tests, these soil samples were classified into coarse and fine

fractions as per their particle sizes. It may be observed from the data in this table that the gravel size

fractions were almost absent within this sub-soil. The sub-soil therefore consisted of sand, silt and clay

size fractions. The results of consistency limit tests indicated that surface layer of about 6.0 m

thickness contained plastic silt and the sub-soil below contained non-plastic silt. On the basis of these

observations, the sub-stratum was considered to be primarily composed of plastic silt layer up to 6.0 m

from the surface and non-plastic silt below.



Figure 4.1: Bore Log of Bore Hole - 1

0.00

Depth in m. Sampling Detail DescriptionGround Level

Site : Alia Bet

Boring Started : 13/10/2008BH - 1

S.P.T. = Standard Penetration Test

D.S. = Disturbed Sample

U.D.S. = Undisturbed Sample

Figure No.: 01

Co_Ordinate :

S.P.T. Log

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Brownish Silty Clay

(Thickness : 1.50 m)

U.D.S./D.S.1.50

3.00

4.50

6.00

7.50

Boring Completed : 14/10/2008

Boring Method : Hand Auguring

Bore Dia : 150 mm.

BORE LOG

Boring Terminated

S.P.T./D.S.

9.00

10.50

12.00

13.50

15.00

16.50

18.00

20.00

U.D.S./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

N : 2395618

E : 272691

Black Medium Sand

Black Fine Sand


Brownish Yellow Silty Clay


Water Table at 4.50 Meter

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

D.S.




0.00


Site : Alia Bet





Figure No.: 02

Co_Ordinate :

S.P.T. Log

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Brownish Silty Clay


U.D.S./D.S.1.50

3.00

4.50

6.00

7.50



Bore Dia : 150 mm.

BORE LOG

Boring Terminated

S.P.T./D.S.

9.00

10.50

12.00

13.50

15.00

16.50

18.00

U.D.S./D.S.

N : 2394391

E : 264058

Black Fine-Medium Sand

Black Fine Silty Sand





D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.




0.00


Site : Alia Bet





Figure No.: 03

Co_Ordinate :

S.P.T. Log

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Brownish Silty Clay


U.D.S./D.S.1.50

3.00

4.50

6.00

7.50



Bore Dia : 150 mm.

BORE LOG

Boring Terminated

S.P.T./D.S.

9.00

10.50

12.00

13.50

15.00

16.50

U.D.S./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

N : 2394391

E : 264058







D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.




0.00


Site : Alia Bet





Figure No.: 04

Co_Ordinate :

S.P.T. Log

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Dark Brown Clay


U.D.S./D.S.1.50

3.00

4.50

6.00

7.50



Bore Dia : 150 mm.

BORE LOG

Boring Terminated

S.P.T./D.S.

9.00

U.D.S./D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

N : 2386907

E : 261483


Brownish Yellow Silty



10.00D.S.




0.00


Site : Alia Bet





Figure No.: 05

Co_Ordinate :

S.P.T. Log

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Brownish Silty Clay

(Thickness : 3.00 m)U.D.S./D.S.

1.50

3.00

4.50

6.00

7.50



Bore Dia : 150 mm.

BORE LOG

Boring Terminated

S.P.T./D.S.

9.00

10.50

12.00

13.50

15.00

D.S.

S.P.T./D.S.

D.S.

N : 2390492

E : 254308





D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.

D.S.



4.4 Investigations

The sub-soil investigation consisted of specified field tests supported by laboratory evaluations. The

Indian Standard Specifications have been followed for specifications, instructions or directions.

Table 4.1: Description of Field and Laboratory Tests

Sr. No. Description of Tests No. of Tests

1 Conducting SPT at Vertical Interval of 3.0 m. 20

2 Collecting UDS Using Thin Walled Tube Sampler 9

3 Collecting DS Using 53

4 Grain Size Analysis 25

5 Natural Moisture Content 25

6 Dry Density and Bulk Density 25

7 Liquid Limit Tests 15

8 Plastic Limit Tests 15

9 Specific Gravity Tests 25

10 IS Classifications of Soil 25

11 Swelling Pressure 5

12 Free Swell 5

13 Permeability Tests 15

14 Compression Index 15

15 UU Triaxial Tests 5

16 Direct Shear Tests 10

17 Unconfined Compression Test 15

18 Consolidation Tests 15

19 Chemical Analysis of Soil 5

20 Chemical Analysis of Water 5



4.4.1 Investigations in Field

(i) Boring

The bore holes of 150 mm diameter were made by hand auguring and rotary wash boring method up to

a depth of 10.0 – 20.0 m. The hand auger was rotated and pressed down into the soil by means of ‘T’

shaped handle on the upper end. When the boxes were loaded with all the soil that can be held, the

auger was withdrawn and the soil was removed. As the hole advanced downwards, extension rods

were added to the auger as and when required.

Along with the boring operations, standard penetration tests were also conducted. When the observed

standard penetration value exceeds 60 blows per 30 cm penetration, it was considered that the soil

layer has been terminated at that depth.

Depth of water table was measured when the water level within the bore holes reached steady state

condition. These depths of water table from ground level are shown in Table 4.2.

(ii) Soil Sampling

There are two main types of soil samples namely disturbed and undisturbed samples that were

procured during field investigations. Disturbed soil samples in sufficient quantities were collected for

field identifications and several laboratory tests like Specific gravity tests, Grain size analysis tests,

consistently limit tests, Chemical analysis tests etc. Undisturbed samples were collected to determine

Shear strength and compressibility of the soil.

Table 4.2: Depth of Water Table from Ground Level

Bore Hole Number Depth of WT Meter

BH - 1 4.50

BH - 2 5.00

BH - 3 5.00

BH - 4 3.00

BH - 5 4.50

Disturbed soil samples were collected normally at regular intervals, starting from 1.5 m depth below

the soil surface to provide complete description of the soil profile. Additional disturbed samples were

also collected where there was change in soil strata or at a depth where field tests were performed in

the bore holes. These samples were packed in polyethylene bags. These bags were properly sealed and

were kept in wooden box at a cool place.



Undisturbed samples were procured by sampling tube of 100.0 mm diameter and 450.0 mm lengths at

specified depths. Additional undisturbed samples were also taken at a depth where soil strata changed

and where the engineer in charge directed. Starting depth of collecting undisturbed samples was kept

between 1.5 m to 3.0 m from the surface and it was varied in alternate bore holes. Especially in

cohesive soil strata, undisturbed samples were taken at a depth where standard penetration test would

have been conducted. The depth interval between the depth at which standard penetration test was

conducted and the depth at which undisturbed samples were taken was kept greater than 1.0 m. These

sampling tubes were sealed by wax to prevent moisture evaporation. These tubes were also kept in a

wooden box at a cool place. The sampling tube and method of procurement of undisturbed samples

satisfied all provisions of Indian Standard Specifications.

(iii) Standard Penetration Test

Most commonly used penetrometer is the ordinary split sampling spoon and the most wide spread

field test of this kind is known as standard penetration test. This test is being conducted in most of the

types of soils, preferably in cohesion less sandy deposits and silty fine sands. The basic objective of

this test is to determine relative density of cohesionless deposits and consistency of cohesive deposits

whereby the soil resistance may be determined indirectly for the design of foundations.

A thick walled split spoon sampler of 50.8 mm outer diameter and 35.0 mm inner diameter was driven

into the undisturbed soil at the bottom of 150.0 mm diameter hole by 650.0 N hammer falling freely

through 750.0 mm height (IS 2131). The number of such blows for every 150.0 mm penetration and

penetration for every 50.0 blows (as the case may be) were recorded corresponding to 450.0 mm total

penetration at the test location until blow count reached the value at least equal to 30.0. It may be

noted that the likely upward flow of water in to the bore hole may have disturbed the soil at the bottom

of the bore hole leading to under estimate of the blow counts.

Further, sufficient quantity of disturbed samples were collected and properly preserved so as to

prevent loss of moisture. On the basis of these samples, field identifications were made.

(iv) Field Electrical Resistivity Survey

Purpose of Investigation:

Resistivity survey has been carried out for delineating the sub surface stratigraphic sequence and sub

surface layer information. For geophysical investigation, 2 locations were selected for conducting

electrical resistivity survey using the knowledge of Geo-hydrological & Topographical condition

around the investigation area. Refer figure 4.1 for test results.

Geology:

Geologically the area is covered with Deccan traps in almost whole eastern portion of the district and

covered by thick pile of alluvial coast characterized by steep, cliffy river mouths. The cliff rises

abruptly to as much as 30.0 meter above the tidal-flats. The inter-tidal zone is about 3 to 4 km wide

and consists mainly of Silt and muddy sediments. The major River Narmada that flows into the gulf

shows broad estuarine river-mouths, mud-banks and mouth-bars.



Physiography:

Topography of the area : Plain Terrain

Soil Type : Soft Alluvial

Climate : Humid

River Drain Condition : Detritus

Geophysical Investigation:

Resistivity surveys have proven to be one of the most useful geophysical techniques in mineral

exploration, groundwater investigation engineering and environmental studies. In Resistivity methods

a known electrical current (I) is sent into ground through a pair of electrodes (current electrodes) and

the potential (V) development due to this current is measured across two other pair of electrodes.

electrodes (potential electrodes). The ratio between the potential difference between the potential

electrodes (V) and the current (I) gives ‘Apparent Resistance’ (R) which depends on the resistivities of

the subsurface formations and the electrode arrangement (configurations). There are a number of

electrode arrangements (configurations) for sending current and measuring the potential difference, the

most popular being schlumberger. In this, the current and potential electrodes are arranged in a line

symmetrically placed over the point of observation.

Purpose:

Resistivity survey has been carried out for delineating the deeper sub surface stratification, very

limited space available for geophysical investigation; two locations were selected for conducting

vertical electrical sounding (VES) using “Schlumberger’s Configuration” of electrode separation to

estimate thickness of sub surface layer.

Resistivity Sounding (Vertical Electrical Sounding – VES):

Resistivity sounding is used to make investigations along the depth. In this method the centre of

configuration is kept fixed and measurements are made by successively increasing electrode spacing.

The apparent Resistivity values obtained with increasing values of electrode separations are used to

estimate the thickness and resistivities of subsurface formations. In schlumberger array all the four

electrodes are kept in a line but the two inner electrodes (potential electrodes) are kept closer (potential

electrode distance MN less than 1/5 current electrode distance AB). For increasing the depth of

investigation, the current electrodes A and B are moved apart symmetrically about the centre point

‘O’, keeping the potential electrodes fixed. Only moving potential electrodes apart when the potentials

become small (Normally MN/2 & AB/2 ratio is kept between 3 – 8 times i.e. AB/2 = 3 or 8 * MN/2).

Whenever potential electrodes are shifted measurements are repeated, keeping the current electrodes

same to get overlapping section of the curve. The apparent Resistivity for each current electrode

separation is calculated by multiplying the resistance value by schlumberger configuration factor.



Figure 4.1: Field Electrical Resistivity Test Results

4.4.2 Investigations in Laboratory

Laboratory tests performed, mainly for the purpose of classification and identification of soils, are

grouped under this title. These tests include the determination of specific gravity, water content, dry

density, particle size distribution, consistency properties, shear strength parameters and consolidation

properties.

(i) Specific Gravity Test

The specific gravity of soil solids was determined by using 50.0 ml density bottle. The density bottle

method was most accurate and was suitable for all types of soils. A sample of oven-dried soil, cooled

in desiccators was put in the bottle and weight was taken. The bottle was then filled with distilled

water gradually removing entrapped air by applying light suction. The weights of the bottle, soil and

water were taken. Finally, bottle was emptied completely and thoroughly washed. Clean water was

filled to the top and weight was taken. Based on these observations, specific gravity of soil solids were

determined as per IS 2720 (Pt. III).



(ii) Moisture Content Test

The moisture content of soil samples was determined by most accurate oven drying method. A

weighed soil sample was kept in a clean container and the container was placed in a thermostatically

controlled oven at a temperature between 105° C to 110° C. Usually, the soil samples were kept for 24

hours in oven for complete drying. Where organic content was suspected within the sample, the

temperature of the oven was kept at 60° C. If gypsum is suspected in the sample, the temperature was

maintained at 80° C, but for a longer time. The weights were taken on digital electronic balance

having accuracy less than 0.01 g. This test was done as per IS 2720 (Pt. II).

(iii) Dry Density Test

Dry density of soil existing in field was obtained on the soil core procured from the soil samples

already taken and properly sealed in sampling tubes. The soil core was taken by using thin walled

sampling tube of known weight. The ends of the soil core were trimmed to make it truly cylindrical.

The weight of tube along with soil core was taken. The length of soil core was determined keeping

core within the tube. The wet density of soil core was first obtained from this information. The

moisture content of the soil core was then determined by oven-drying method. Finally, the dry density

of the soil was obtained. This test was done on the basis of IS 2720 (Pt. XXIX).

(iv) Particle Size Distribution Test

The percentage of various sizes of particles in a soil sample was found by mechanical analysis

consisting of sieve analysis and sedimentation analysis (IS 2720-Pt. IV).

Firstly, the soil sample of known weight was sieved over 4.75 mm sieve. The portion of soil passing

through 4.75 mm sieve was washed over 75.0 micron sieve so that silt and clay particles sticking to

sand particles may be dislodged. Portion of soil retained on 75.0 micron sieve, after oven-drying was

sieved over a sieve set comprising of various sizes between 75.0 micron to 4.75 mm. These sieves

were arranged according to their diminishing sizes of opening. The whole assembly was mechanically

shaken for 10.0 minutes. The weight of soil fractions retained on every sieve was determined. The

percentage finer is determined from these information.

The oven-dried soil sample passing through 75.0 micron sieve was first treated by hydrogen peroxide

and 0.2N diluted hydrochloric acid, for removal of organic matter and carbonates. The sample was

then washed on a filter paper in a glass funnel with distilled water until filtrate became neutral. The

treated soil sample was oven dried and 40.0 g of oven-dried sample was taken to make suspension.

Sodium hexameta-phosphate and sodium carbonate solutions were added to obtain proper dispersion

of soil particles. The suspension of 1000.0 ml was made by adding distilled water if required.

The cylinder was shaken well to achieve uniform distribution of soil particles throughout the

suspension. The hydrometer readings were taken at different time intervals. These readings were

corrected for formation of meniscus, alteration in specific gravity due to addition of dispersing agent

and temperature changes and from this information size of particles and percentage finer were

determined.



(v) Consistency Limit Tests

Fine-grained soil may be mixed with water to form a plastic paste, which can be moulded into any

form by pressure. The addition of water reduces the cohesion making the soil still easier to mould.

The liquid limit was determined with the help of a standard liquid limit apparatus. The height of fall

of the cup was adjusted to 10.0 mm. ASTM grooving tool was used (IS 2720- Pt. V). About 120.0 g

of the soil passing through 425.0 micron sieve was mixed thoroughly with distilled water to make a

soil paste. A portion of the paste was placed in the cup at a spot where the cup rests on the base. The

blows were given at two blows per second and number of blows were recorded when two parts of the

soil paste came into contact over a distance of 10.0 mm. The moisture content of the paste was

obtained by oven drying. Such readings were taken by altering the moisture content of the paste.

In order to determine plastic limit of the sample, soil passing through 425.0 micron sieve was mixed

with distilled water such that the soil sample could be moulded easily. This moist soil was rolled over

a glass plate to make a soil thread. The moisture was adjusted by trials at which a soil thread

crumbled when it attained 3.0 mm. diameters.

(vi) Shear Strength Tests

The direct shear test is simple and commonly used test mostly for granular soils. The soil was

compacted in a shear box at in-situ moisture and density clamping both the parts of the box together

with the help of screws. The specimen was sheared under varied normal loads. From this information

strength parameters were determined.

A cylindrical soil specimen of 37.5 mm diameters and 75.0 mm long were placed in a triaxial cell.

The specimens were enclosed in rubber membrane. The cell pressure was kept equal to lateral stress

existing in field. The specimens were sheared quickly by the application of vertical stress. At least,

two undisturbed identical soil samples were tested at different cell pressures. This information helped

in the determination of shear strength parameters of the soil. Unconfined compression strength test is

the special case of triaxial shear test where the cell pressure was kept zero.

(vii) Consolidation Test

The stress-strain characteristics of cohesive soil determine the settlement that a given structure will

experience. In some instances, they may also serve as an indication of construction difficulties that

may arise during excavation in to soil masses. The settlement of structure above beds of soft saturated

clay may take place slowly and may reach large magnitudes. Because of the time lag between the end

of construction and appearance of cracking, such settlements are considered to be of mysterious origin.



The relations among vertical pressure, settlement and time are investigated in the laboratory by

consolidation test. During such a test, the saturated clay specimen was completely confined by a metal

ring of 60.0 mm or 50.0 mm inner diameter and 20.0 mm height. An undisturbed clay specimen was

prepared from the sample extruded from a sampling tube. This consolidation ring along with saturated

clay specimen was mounted on a loading frame that allowed vertical load to be applied through a lever

system of lever ratio 1:10. The compression of the clay specimen with both faces draining was

measured by means of a dial gauge operating on the loading cap. A load increment of 0.5 kg/sq. cm. is

used during initial loading which was then increased to 8.0 kg/sq. cm. at greater loading. On the basis

of expected pressure including overburden pressure, the maximum loading considered was 8.0 kg/sq.

cm. The dial gauge readings at different time interval and final dial gauge reading were recorded under

each loading. Compression of the specimen was usually allowed to continue up to 24.0 hours under

each loading step.

(viii) Chemical Analysis of Soil Samples

Chemical tests for soil samples were conducted for determination of available pH, Sulphates and Chlorides.

(ix) Chemical Analysis of Water Samples

Chemical tests for water samples were conducted for determination of various chemical contents as per IS 10500 – 1991.

4.5 Processed Field Results

The field results are presented test wise, incorporating relevant critical remarks. The computations of necessary soil parameters are based on the recommendations of relevant Indian Standard specifications and prevailing practices in foundation engineering.

4.5.1 Standard Penetration Test

In saturated fine or silty, dense or very dense sands, the blow count may be abnormally great because of the tendency of such material to dilate during shear under un-drained conditions. Hence, in such soils, the results of standard penetration tests were interpreted conservatively.

Because of the greater confinement caused by increasing over burden pressure, blow count at increasing depths may indicate large relative densities than that actually exist. Therefore, the observed blow counts are adjusted as per IS 1904.

In very fine sand and silt below water table, an apparent increase in soil resistance was indicated due to rise in pore pressure. This apparent increase in soil resistance is in medium dense to very dense deposits. As a result, the observed blow count was adjusted in such deposits indicating observed blow count greater than 15 (IS 1904). By far, the most common error in connection with the standard penetration test in sand or silt occurs when boring is being done below the water table. If the water level in bore hole is allowed to drop below ground water level, the sand may become quick and its relative density may be greatly reduced due to upward hydraulic gradient created in the sand beneath the bore hole. Care has been exercised to see that the water level in bore hole is always maintained at or slightly above that corresponding to the pizometric level at the bottom of the bore hole.

The results of this test in the form of observed number of blows per 300.0 mm penetration and corrected number of blows per 300.0 mm. penetration are given in Tables 4.3 to 4.10. It may be noted that corrections for overburden pressure is applied first to the observed number of blows. Water table correction as and when required is then applied to the blows corrected for overburden pressure (IS



2131-1981). In application of these corrections to observed standard penetration values beyond 12.0 m. depths, in-situ properties of sub-soil considered are those existing at 12.0 m. depth as these properties are not available for depths greater than 12.0 m. The corrected N-Values are display in Table 4.3.

4.6 Processed Laboratory Results

The results of tests on relevant disturbed and undisturbed soil samples conducted in laboratory have been processed in light of specifications of the work, relevant Indian standard specifications and prevailing practices in foundation engineering. The test wise computation procedure is described in this paragraph.

4.6.1 Specific Gravity Test

The specific gravity of soil solids at test temperature is considered as the ratio of weight of dry soil solids in density bottle to the weight of water displaced by the soil particles. The required quantities are obtained from the results of the tests for the computation of specific gravity of soil solids. This computation is made as per IS 2720, Pt. 3. The specific gravity of soil solids is shown in Table 4.4 – 4.8.

4.6.2 Moisture Content Test

Moisture content of soil sample is the percentage of water by weight in an oven-dried sample. On the basis of the determination of weight of water and corresponding dry weight of soil sample, moisture content in percentage is computed as per IS 2720, Pt. 2. Results of this test are shown in Table 4.4 – 4.8.

4.6.3 Dry Density Test

The net wet weight of soil core taken in thin walled sampling tube and its gross volume are first determined which are used in determination of bulk density of the core. Moisture content of the core is determined by oven drying method. Dry density of soil core is then computed from these determinations. These results are shown in Table 4.4 – 4.8.

4.6.4 Particle Size Distribution Test

From the weight of soil retained on each sieve in mechanical sieve analysis test, the cumulative weight of soil retained on each sieve is computed. The percentage of fractions passing through each sieve is then obtained.

In sedimentation analysis test, the effective height is determined corresponding to each corrected hydrometer reading taken at different time intervals. Using Stroke’s law, equivalent diameter of particles and percentage finer are determined. The results of mechanical sieve analysis test and sedimentation analysis test are plotted on semi-logarithmic scale. From this particle size distribution curve, percentages of gravel, sand, silt and clay fractions present in soil sample are computed as per IS 1948. These results are shown in Table 4.4 – 4.8.

4.6.5 Consistency Limit Test

A semi-logarithmic plot obtained between the moisture content as ordinate on linear scale and in corresponding number of blows as abscissa on logarithmic scale. The resulting curve is drawn as the best fitting straight line. The moisture content corresponding to 25 blows is taken as the liquid limit of



the soil sample. Moisture content at which soil thread of 3 mm diameter just crumbles is taken as the plastic limit of the soil (IS 2720. Pt.5). Results of these tests are shown in Table 4.4 – 4.8.

4.6.6 Shear Strength Test

The shear stresses at failure have been obtained for number of identical soil samples loaded at different normal stresses in direct shear test. These shear and normal stresses are to be plotted on an equal linear scale, shear stresses as ordinate and normal stresses as abscissa. The best fitting straight line is then drawn corresponding to these data points. Angle of inter-granular friction and cohesion if any, are obtained from this plot.

Half of the deviator stress and average of minor and major principal stresses in triaxial shear test on identical soil samples are to be plotted as best fitting straight line. Inverse sine of the tangent of slope of this straight line gives the angle of intra-granular friction. The cohesion of the sample may be determined by dividing intercept of this straight line on ordinate axis by cosine of angle of inter-granular friction. However, the cohesion and angle of inter-granular friction are determined by plotting Mohr’s stress circles.

The cohesion in unconfined compression test is determined by halving the vertical stress on soil sample at failure. It may be noted that the stresses are determined on the basis of corrected area of the sample at the time of failure. Results of these tests are shown in Table 4.4 – 4.8.

4.6.7 Consolidation Test

The equilibrium void ratio under each load step is determined using height of solid method applicable to fully saturated and partly saturated clay samples. Relationship between final void ratio and effective vertical pressure is plotted first to obtain coefficient of compressibility at various pressure ranges. The coefficient of volume compressibility is obtained corresponding to these values of coefficient of compressibility. The slope of the virgin straight line is the compression index. Square root of time fitting method is used to determine coefficient of consolidation. Evaluation of these consolidation parameters is summarized in Table 4.4 – 4.8. Initial deformation modulus may also be obtained from the weighted average value of coefficient of volume compressibility.

4.6.8 Chemical Tests on Soil Samples

Chemical tests for soil samples were conducted for determination of available pH, Sulphates and Chlorides. The test results are tabulated in Table 4.9.

4.6.9 Chemical Tests on Water Samples

Chemical tests for water samples were conducted for determination of various chemical contents as per IS 10500 – 1991. The test results Table 4.10.

Table 4.3: Corrected ‘N’ value from SPT Test

BH - 1 BH - 2 BH - 3 BH - 4 BH - 5 Depth in Meter

"N" Value

3.00 22 12 12 18 16

6.00 10 14 10 16 18

9.00 12 18 18 22 24

12.00 22 22 26 28 28

15.00 26 20 28 --- 26



Avg. 18 17 19 21 22

Corrected "N" Value

3.00 19 10 10 16 14

6.00 5 7 5 8 9

9.00 13 20 20 24 26

12.00 25 25 30 32 32

15.00 30 23 32 --- 30

Avg. 19 17 19 20 22

Table 4.4: Summarised Test Results (Bore Hole – 1)

Depth Types N.M.C. F.D.D. Specific IS : Co_efficient Compre Unconfined

in of in in Gravity Classifi- of ssion Compression

Meter Test % ge. gm/cc L.L. P.L. P.I. Graval Sand Silt Clay Cation Swelling Free Permeability Index Test

in in in in in in in Pressure Swell (Cc) Qu in Friction Cohesion

%ge %ge %ge %ge %ge %ge %ge in in Kg/cm² Angle (c) in

kg/cm² %ge. (UCS) (Deg) Kg/cm²

1.50 UDS 18.54 1.56 47.85 29.31 18.54 0.00 4.35 22.51 73.14 2.38 CI 0.52 57.00 7.42E-05 0.142 1.024 8º 0.274 TRX-UU

3.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

4.50 UDS 17.08 1.59 22.54 0.00 15.64 2.46 MI *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

6.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

7.50 DS 20.51 1.61 20.51 0.00 22.51 2.48 ML *** *** 4.25E-04 0.122 0.896 22º 0.022 Direct

9.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

10.50 DS 22.54 1.62 0.00 32.64 2.51 ML *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

12.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

13.50 DS 24.51 1.67 0.00 44.35 2.61 ML *** *** 6.10E-03 0.113 0.654 24º 0.018 Direct

15.00 *** *** *** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** ***

20.00 DS 26.84 1.68 0.00 48.65 2.64 ML *** *** *** *** *** *** ** ***

Test

Type

Direct /

Triaxial

Shear Test

of

***

51.35

Non Plastic

***

Non Plastic

Bore Hole No. : 01

Summarised Test Results

Tested by : Devendra Padhiyar

***

84.36

***

67.36

77.49

***

55.65

Grain Size Swelling

Analysis

Non Plastic

Low Plastic

Characteristics

Atterburg's

Limits

Medium Plastic










1.50 UDS 17.35 1.54 46.32 28.64 17.68 0.00 3.88 24.68 71.44 2.36 CI 0.48 55.00 6.23E-05 0.138 1.032 10º 0.214 TRX-UU

3.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

4.50 UDS 18.24 1.57 24.15 0.00 12.35 2.45 MI *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

6.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

7.50 DS 20.11 1.62 22.11 0.00 22.14 2.48 ML *** *** 5.74E-04 0.124 0.845 20º 0.029 Direct

9.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

10.50 DS 21.89 1.62 0.00 30.58 2.52 ML *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

12.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

13.50 DS 25.31 1.65 0.00 40.22 2.60 ML *** *** 5.32E-03 0.114 0.712 22º 0.019 Direct

15.00 *** *** *** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** ***

Test

Type

Direct /

Triaxial

Shear Test

of

***

***

Non Plastic

Bore Hole No. : 02



***

87.65

***

69.42

77.86

***

59.78

Grain Size Swelling

Analysis

Non Plastic

Low Plastic

Characteristics

Atterburg's

Limits

Medium Plastic








1.50 UDS 18.62 1.52 42.16 27.64 14.52 0.00 2.54 24.68 72.78 2.34 CI 0.51 56.00 2.64E-05 0.142 1.025 9º 0.220 TRX-UU

3.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

4.50 UDS 19.25 1.56 24.15 0.00 10.35 2.41 MI *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

6.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

7.50 DS 20.65 1.60 22.11 0.00 23.56 2.46 ML *** *** 3.62E-04 0.135 0.862 19º 0.027 Direct

9.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

10.50 DS 22.23 1.64 0.00 29.51 2.51 ML *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

12.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

13.50 DS 24.16 1.66 0.00 42.16 2.61 ML *** *** 4.15E-03 0.118 0.743 23º 0.021 Direct

15.00 *** *** *** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** ***

Test

Type

Direct /

Triaxial

Shear Test

of

***

***

Non Plastic

Bore Hole No. : 03



***

89.65

***

70.49

76.44

***

57.84

Grain Size Swelling

Analysis

Non Plastic

Low Plastic

Characteristics

Atterburg's

Limits

Medium Plastic










1.50 UDS 17.25 1.48 44.61 30.24 14.37 0.00 3.05 26.98 69.97 2.36 CI 0.53 58.00 4.98E-05 0.151 1.025 8º 0.214 TRX-UU

3.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

4.50 UDS 18.35 1.54 23.61 0.00 8.64 2.42 MI *** *** 7.51E-04 0.136 0.862 18º 0.024 Direct

6.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

7.50 DS 22.56 1.59 20.31 0.00 22.86 2.45 ML *** *** 6.63E-04 0.132 0.862 22º 0.020 Direct

9.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

Swelling

Analysis

Low Plastic

Characteristics

Atterburg's

Limits

Medium Plastic

Bore Hole No. : 04



***

91.36

***

77.14

***

Grain Size

Test

Type

Direct /

Triaxial

Shear Test

of








1.50 UDS 18.34 1.48 44.65 30.68 13.97 0.00 3.01 22.13 74.86 2.32 CI 0.53 57.00 4.51E-05 0.144 1.062 10º 0.214 TRX-UU

3.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

4.50 UDS 20.23 1.54 24.15 0.00 11.20 2.40 MI *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

6.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

7.50 DS 21.55 1.58 22.11 0.00 22.06 2.44 ML *** *** 5.62E-04 0.138 0.914 20º 0.028 Direct

9.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

10.50 DS 22.85 1.62 0.00 28.56 2.52 ML *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

12.00 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

13.50 DS 23.54 1.65 0.00 44.65 2.60 ML *** *** 6.84E-03 0.126 0.812 22º 0.019 Direct

15.00 *** *** *** ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** ***

Grain Size Swelling

Analysis

Non Plastic

Low Plastic

Characteristics

Atterburg's

Limits

Medium Plastic

Bore Hole No. : 05



***

88.80

***

71.44

77.94

***

55.35

***

***

Non Plastic

Test

Type

Direct /

Triaxial

Shear Test

of



Table 4.9: Chemical Analyses of Soil Samples

Bore Hole No. Depth in Meter pH

Values

Chlorides

ppm

Sulphates

ppm

01 3.00 8.795 375.00 96.00

02 6.00 8.879 389.00 92.00

03 7.50 8.905 345.00 101.00

04 9.00 8.899 367.00 99.00

05 4.50 8.425 356.00 120.00

Table 4.10: Chemical Analyses of Water

Bore Hole Numbers Properties

01 02 03 04 05

Colour (Hazen Units) Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless

Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless

Turbidity, NTU 62.00 58 57.00 60.00 58.00

pH Values 7.89 7.09 7.97 8.03 8.01

Total Alkalinity (CaCO3)

(mg/l) 272.00 247.00 271.00 286.00 284.00

Total Hardness (CaCO3)

(mg/l) 361.00 352.00 371.00 388.00 382.00

Calcium (Ca) (mg/l) 206.00 178.00 210.00 182.00 175.00

Magnesium (Mg) (mg/l) 142.00 174.00 155.00 165.00 161.00

Chlorides (Cl) (mg/l) 2234.00 2140.00 2248.00 2029.00 2175.00

Sulphates (SO4) (mg/l) 312.00 325.00 285.00 342.00 314.00

Nitrates (NO3) (mg/l) 61.00 84.00 73.00 68.00 65.00

Fluorides (F) (mg/l) 1.92 1.74 1.88 1.75 1.80

TDS (mg/l) 861.00 814.00 882.00 859.00 868.00

4.7 Conclusion

According to the field and laboratory tests described above, it can be concluded that the soil is composed of silt-clay and black sand. The water table is between the ranges of 3-5 meters. On the basis of the soil properties obtained from all the bore holes the safe bearing capacity of shallow foundation, raft foundation as well as pile foundation has been calculated. Please refer attached Annexure J for details.



5 Development Guidelines

5.1 Relative Guidelines

Aliya Bet falls in the coastal belt of Gujarat State. Therefore the Costal Regulation Guidelines have to

be taken into consideration for the overall planning of the area. The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)

guidelines are currently in the process of revision to Coastal Management Zone (CMZ) guidelines.

The Gujarat Dry State notification and Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008 are also discussed

below.

5.1.1 Coastal Regulation Zone

In view of the degradation of coastal environment and uncontrolled construction activities along the

Coastal areas, Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) formulated the CRZ regulation in 1991.

CRZ was notified under Environment Protection Act, 1986, declaring coastal stretches as Coastal

regulation Zones and regulating activities in the CRZ. It is classified into CRZ - I, CRZ - II, CRZ – III

and CRZ – IV. As per the CRZ, 500 M on the landward side from the High Tide Line and the land

area between the Low Tide Line and High Tide Line including 500 M along the tidal influenced water

bodies subject to minimum of 100M on the width of the water body whichever is less is declared as

CRZ areas. Based on several ecological parameters, the CRZ areas are classified into four categories

namely CRZ I (Sensitive and intertidal) CRZ II (urban or developed), CRZ III (Rural or Undeveloped)

and CRZ IV (Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands).

All the coastal States were instructed by MoEF to prepare Coastal Zone Management Plan and submit

to Government of India for approval. None of the States have prepared these plans as envisaged except

for the Government of Kerala.

Currently, based on discussion with Environment and Forest Department, Gandhinagar, Aliya Bet

might fall under CRZ –I due to occurrence of specialized ecosystems or habitats such as mangroves

and occurrence of uninhabited and unexplored land. However, it has not been notified as an

ecologically sensitive area as the list of ecologically sensitive areas for Gujarat is still under

preparation.

As per the Discussion with the Ministry of Environment and Forest, for carrying out any development

activities on Aliya Bet, it will have to be submitted to the MoEF in the required format. MoEF would

review the proposal as per their guidelines and decide for approval. However, the possibility of getting

the proposed proposal approved is more with the proposed CMZ regulations. The development of

Aliya bet as per CMZ regulations are discussed below in section 5.1.3.

Refer following tables 5.1 and 5.2 as case studies of development activities in areas falling in CRZ- 1.



Table 5.1: Nayachar Island

Nayachar Island

Location

Mouth of River Hooghly and located in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, West Bengal (INDIA).

Facts & Details

• Nayachar is being compared to Jurong Island in Singapore.

• It is an ecologically sensitive area: CRZ-I applies here.

• Nayachar was the most logical option for a major chemical hub – Land belongs to the state government and area is largely uninhabited – No need of land acquisition or population displacement.

• 29th November, 2007 – State Coastal Regulation Zone Authority recommended to the Central Coastal Regulation Zone Authority to change Nayachar’s status from CRZ-I to CRZ-III.

• The recommendation was gladly accepted by the State and Central Governments.

• Transition of Nayachar from CRZ-I to CRZ-III: Move to seek CMZ-II status for Nayachar.

Figure 5.2: Chilka Lake

Chilka Lake

Location

Orissa (INDIA)

Facts & Details

• Chilka Lake is a bird habitat and spawning ground of fish - Designated CRZ-1, notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

• Under the rule tourist resorts or hotels inside the lake have been prohibited in order to protect its fragile eco-system.

• Chilka Lake is designated a ‘wetland of international importance’ under the Ramsar Convention.



• However, there are hotels & resorts on the banks of the lake including an OTDC run hotel and two tourist bungalows (at Rambha and Barkul) that have stunning views and a relaxed vacation ambience.

• Number of state-run & privately-operated rest houses & tourist lodges also dot the shores of the lake.

• The services of local boatmen and the OTDC's motorboats are available for access to the islands.

• Government has recently started active promotion of tourism in this zone.

5.1.2 Coastal Management Zone

CRZ has been amended 19 times permitting more activities within the CRZ area since its introduction

In July 2004. MOEF set up an expert Committee headed by Prof. M.S.Swaminathan to carry out a

comprehensive review of the CRZ notification. The Committee recommended to withdraw the

regulation concept and to introduce a larger concept of integrated management by replacing Coastal

Regulation Zones to Coastal Management Zones based on Coastal Vulnerability line. Accepting the

recommendation of Swaminathan Committee, Government of India has now published the draft of the

notification of CMZ. As per the sectoral office of CRZ, New Delhi, It is still going through the stage

of objections and suggestion from the State Governments, Coastal Panchayats, and related

Government Departments. It is soon to be formalised.

According to CMZ, Coastal areas classified into CMZ - I, CMZ - II, CMZ – III and CMZ - IV. Refer

Annexure K for the Draft notification.

• CMZ-I : Areas designated as Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA)

• CMZ II: Areas other than CMZ –I and coastal waters identified as ‘Areas of Particular

Concern (APC) such as economically important areas, high population density areas, and

culturally and or strategically important areas.

• CMZ – III: Open areas including coastal waters and tidal influenced inland water bodies.

• CMZ –IV: Inland territories of Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep, and other offshore

islands.

MoEF is of the opinion that the proposed development for Aliya Bet has greater chances of getting

an approval under proposed CMZ rather than the existing CRZ guidelines.



5.1.3 Coastal Management Zone for Aliya Bet

Currently, based on discussion with Environment and Forest Department, Aliya Bet might fall under

CMZ – I due to presence of Mangroves, Mudflats and Nesting Ground of Migratory Birds. However,

the Mangroves form a very small part of the southern edge of Aliya Bet. Moreover, Aliya Bet is a

wasteland and most of it is degraded due to salinity. Almost 85 percent of the Aliya Bet receives saline

high tide water, at least once in a month. Therefore there is no substantial vegetation and green areas

on the land. Moreover, Aliya bet does not seem to be a part of the any specific migratory path for the

birds found in the area.

CRZ regulations are in the process of being replaced by CMZ regulations at the Central Government

level with. The main intention of CMZ is to develop the coastal areas in a sustainable manner.

On the basis of the above discussion and due to close vicinity of PCPIR at Dahej and nearness to

intense industrial towns like Ankleshwar and Bharuch, it is possible to identify Aliya Bet as an Area of

Particular Economic Concern under CMZ II. Refer Appendix K for the list of APC under CMZ II.

Automatically, the guidelines for areas falling under CMZ II would be applicable for Aliya Bet.

Subsequently, entire land of Aliya Bet except for the forest area can be notified as a Special

Investment Region (SIR) under the proposed Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008. The details

of the ordinance are discussed in section 5.1.4 below. Subsequently the Development Authority and an

SPV can be formed for the approval and management of the developments in Aliya Bet. If the

proposed Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008 is not formalised due to any reason, then Aliya

Bet can be notified as an Industrial Estate under the existing Gujarat Town Planning and Urban

Development Act, 1976.

A plan (as per CMZ II guidelines) for Aliya Bet would have to be developed by the SPV talking into

consideration the ecologically and environmentally sensitive areas of the land. The conceptual zoning

plan for Aliya Bet is further discussed in section 7. This plan would have to be approved by the

Integrated Costal Zone Management Authority (ICZMA) of Gujarat State. After the approval this plan

can be integrated into the Integrated Costal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP), which will be

subsequently prepared by the ICZMA for the entire coastline of Gujarat.

5.1.4 Proposed Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008

The proposed ‘Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008’ has specifically been drafted to provide

for the establishment, operation, regulation and management of large size Investment Regions and

Industrial Areas in the State of Gujarat. This Ordinance is to specially enable their development as

global hubs of economic activity supported by world-class infrastructure, premium civic amenities,

centres of excellence and a pro-active policy framework. The Ordinance also provides for the setting

up of an organizational structure for all matters connected with such activities.

It is desirable to notify the proposal for Aliya Bet under a fast track SIR due to the following reasons:

• The land is barren

• The land is a waste land of Vagra Talua

• There will not be any displacement of population



5.1.5 Gujarat as a Dry State

Gujarat is a dry state with complete ban on liquor sales and consumption ever since it came into being

on May 1, 1961 considering the fact that it is the birth place of Mahatma Gandhi. It is the only state in

India with prohibition in force till date. Gujarat is declared as dry area under Bombay prohibition Act,

1949 (Refer Annexure L)

Gujarat government has decided to give some relaxation in its rigid prohibition policy offering some

amount of relief to liquor companies as well as to alcohol drinkers. The first relief was provided on

16th December, 2006 by Notification no.VDR/2006/2950/EI under Bombay prohibition act, 1949.

This notification states that the exemption is for the person residing in area of Special Economic Zone

to whom liquor card have been issued from the provisions of sections 40, 40A, 40B, 41, 46, 46A and

47 of the Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 and from the provisions of rules 63, 64, 64-A, 64-B, 64C, 67,

68, 69, 70 and 70-A of the Bombay Foreign Liquor Rules, 1953 under certain conditions.

The second relief was provided on 21st December by Notification no.

G.G./137/2006/VDR/2006/2952/EI under Bombay prohibition act, 1949. . This notification states that

the Government of Gujarat exempts the persons who are members, delegates or representatives

(except local persons) of any National or International Convention, Conference, Business meet or

Academic meet to whom the Group Permit for Foreign Liquor has been issued from the provisions of

sections 40, 40A, 40B, 41, 46, 46A and 47 of the Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 and from the

provisions of rules 63, 64, 64-A, 64-B, 64C, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 70-A of the Bombay Foreign Liquor

Rules, 1953 under the certain conditions.

In the above lines, specific zones within Aliya Bet could be developed as SEZs to avail the

relaxations. Moreover the offshore casinos would be free from the state restrictions as discussed

further in section 6.3.5.

5.2 Stakeholder Consultation

Bharuch Administration: Collector, Bharuch is in overall agreement with the proposal. Opinion was

expressed by the collector for looking at the possibility of an airstrip for Aliya Bet and Strengthening

of Hansot - Surat road Link. She also stressed on the use of completely eco friendly technologies for

waste management, constructions, etc that may be required for the development and looking at the

possibility of focussing on Narmada from Fishing and religious point of view. According to her the

study of Hydrology from the point of view of change of the river course is also important.

Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC): GIDC would be the initiator and main actor

for the development of Aliya Bet as an Entertainment zone.



Forest Department: Forest occupies 4654 Ha of Aliya Bet Land for reserved forest since 1984.

However, they have not been able to plant any vegetation, due to the soil conditions. Forest

Department has built some ponds by creating bunds for the birds coming to Aliya Bet. They have also

fenced the area to protect the forest land from encroachment from the surrounding villagers. The forest

department is of the opinion that the flora found on the land and the habitat of the migratory birds is

preserved and enhanced. Forest department had given around 1000 Ha of land to Gujarat Natural

Fertiliser Company (GNFC) for greening of the area. However, GNFC returned it back to the forest in

around ten year’s time as they were not very successful. GNFC is of the opinion that if the entry of

saline water into Aliya Bet is restricted with the help of some mechanism, it is possible to grow trees

and vegetation on the land.

Fisheries Department: The department of fisheries have done some feasibility studies from the

perspective of Aquaculture on Aliya Bet. Marine Export Products Development Authority (MPEDA)

has identified this area as feasible for Aquaculture. In one of the studies, ABG group has proposed an

aqua park in Area >5000 Ha to the left of road (20 units of around 200 ha). Seawater irrigation system

would be required for each major unit. Application of 20 – 30 companies, for Aquaculture farming is

pending with Department of fisheries. Several other companies are also interested in setting u their

units. Dept. of Fisheries has also deposited money with Gujarat Electricity Board and department of

Road and Buildings to start with the initial infrastructure development. However, currently the project

has been halted.

Gujarat Maritime Board: GMB has Plans for ship building industry on the river edge of PCPIR. It

has acquired 40 Hectares of land for the same purpose. It also has plans for provision of Marine

infrastructure (Jetties) for the riverine barges along the river near Vengini. Some ship building

activities have already started there. The related research work like finding the draft in the water along

various areas in the Narmada River, etc is ongoing.

Inhabitants of Aliya Bet: They have no legal status; their current situation is very fragile. They

would naturally be benefited by the development of Aliya Bet from the social and economic point f

view.

Ministry Of Environment And Forest: The State government has no detailed plan developed for

Aliya Bet till now. Aliya Bet is also not yet notified as an ecologically sensitive area, since the list is

still under preparation.

The Draft Coastal Zone Management regulation is currently going through the stage of Objections and

Suggestions, as suggested by the CRZ Sectoral office at New Delhi.

MoEF is of the opinion that the proposed development for Aliya Bet has greater chances of getting an

approval under proposed CMZ rather than the existing CRZ guidelines.

5.3 Development Incentives

Development of industries, entertainment & recreational facilities and world-class activities in Aliya

Bet would require huge investments. In order to attract potential investors (especially FDIs), various

incentives (financial or others) should be provided by creating special policies particularly for this

zone. These are essential for developing Aliya Bet into a successful industrial cum tourism destination.

The incentives include (but are not limited to):



• Tax exemptions (for industries and entertainment facilities) for a selected period of time

• Single-window clearances for all development ventures

• Exemption from import duty of capital goods

• Removal of foreign investment barriers and impedances

• Creation of exclusive NRI tourism zones or elite world tourist zones

• Simplification of Land Acquisition problems

It can be expected that with these incentives, private investors would be encouraged to invest in large-

scale developments in Aliya Bet, resulting in increased economic activities, improved infrastructure

and creation of jobs.

Moreover, innovative concepts such as Public-Private Partnerships, creation of convenient and

effective investment environment and efficient marketing strategies should be encouraged and

initiated.



6 Potential Sectors for Development

6.1 Introduction

Assessment of Aliya Bet on the basis of various parameters and study of similar cases of island

development worldwide has helped in identifying possible activities or land uses that can be proposed.

These include development of:

• Petrochemical Industries including Oil Refineries

• Film City and Holiday Resorts

• IT and Biotechnology Parks

• Entertainment Zones and Amusement Parks

• Casino Resorts and Hotels

• Aquaculture and allied industries

• Marine Engineering Industries

• Integrated Sports Complex and Auto Racing Circuit

• Ecotourism Zone

• Golf Course and Leisure Resorts

• Water Sports and Recreation

These possible developments vary considerably in terms of land area requirement, investment &

returns, environmental & socio-economic impacts as well as allied infrastructure requirement.

Feasibility of development also depends on parameters such as demand & supply, future prospects &

competition, State laws & regulations, availability of potential developers & funding and so on.

Therefore, a comprehensive SWOT analysis has been carried out (elaborated in the following section)

in order to identify the potential sectors of development, finalize on the proposed activities / industries

and allocate land efficiently.

6.2 SWOT Analysis

Table 6.1: SWOT Analysis of possible Activities/Developments in Aliya Bet

Activity /

Development Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

Petrochemical

Industries

including Oil

India fast becoming

a global competitor

A PCPIR

(Petroleum,

Chemical &

Specific

Petrochemical

industries acting

Environmental

pollution would

damage the



Refineries in this sector.

Recent policy

announcement of

Govt of India under

“PCPIR” scheme

adds attractiveness

to this fast growing

sector.

Potential of

attracting FDI and

earning huge

revenues through

exports.

Petrochemical

Investment Region)

has already been

proposed at nearby

Dahej. Additional

demand for such

industries in the

region is low.

as downstream

industries to the

Dahej PCPIR or

complimentary to

it may be

proposed.

fragile coastal

ecosystem.

Development

regulations

associated to

coastal areas is a

major hurdle.

Film City and

Holiday

Resorts

Potential of

attracting foreign

tourists, film-makers

and consequently

earning huge

revenues.

Potential of being

developed as the

centre for

production of

regional films and

television shows

also.

Facilities for

production of

Animation films as

well as a Film &

Television Institute.

Requires high initial

investment.

Availability of

vast expanse of

wasteland,

picturesque

locations and

various modes of

connectivity.

Absence of an

integrated Film

City and Holiday

Resort in the

region at present.

Proximity to

Mumbai, the

nerve-centre of

Hindi film

industry.

Growing demand

for exotic

locations for film-

making.

Availability of

potential

investors.

Expected rise in

the already high

number of

business tourists

due to the

Proposed Hotel,

Resort and Film

Studio (Lttina

Film City Pvt.

Ltd.) at Bavla,

Ahmedabad

spread over 4500

acres.



proposed

industrial

developments in

the region,

particularly in the

DMIC.

IT and

Biotech Parks

Enormous potential

of attracting FDI,

employment

generation and

revenue earning.

Large-scale parks to

be set up in the

Industrial Areas and

Investment Regions

within the proposed

DMIC in Gujarat.

Unhealthy

competition would

be undesirable.

Requirement of

excellent air & road

connectivity as well

as quality urban

amenities and

facilities.

Such non-

polluting

profitable service

sector industries

are suitable on the

otherwise

unproductive

wastelands of

Aliya Bet.

Specific

government

policies and

incentives in

favour of setting

up of IT and

Biotech Parks.

Such industries

and associated

development

would cause

densification &

rapid

urbanization.

Entertainment

Zones and

Amusement

Parks

Enormous potential

of attracting FDI,

revenue generation.

Tourism

development by

attracting both

national and foreign

tourists.

Development of a

weekend destination

for people residing

in nearby cities by

providing excellent

recreational

facilities.

Huge investment

requirement.

Foreign investment,

developer and

designer are vital.

High entertainment

taxes and lack of

government

initiative.

Huge land

requirement.

Amusement Parks

in line with

Disneyland or

Disneyworld

(USA) is highly

awaited in India.

Productive and

profitable use of

the large tracts of

open wastelands

at certain parts of

Aliya Bet.

Uncontrolled and

unregulated

tourism

development may

threaten the

environment and

fragile coastal

ecosystem.

Casino

Resorts and

Hotels

Potential of

attracting foreign

tourists as well as

select high-end

Indian tourists and

putting Aliya Bet on

State law of Gujarat,

prohibiting the

consumption of

Alcoholic beverages

throughout the

State.

Large Casino

Resorts and

Hotels are

presently non-

existent in the

country.

Mostly social and

political threats.



the international

tourism map.

Substantial

employment

generation and

revenue earning

potential.

Law of the country

restricting and

regulating gambling

& gaming.

Governments of

certain States

have legalized

offshore Casinos

on luxury cruise-

ships.

Aliya Bet has

over 40 km of

shoreline –

possibility of

developing off-

shore floating

casinos with live

gaming facilities.

Ever-increasing

demand for such

facilities among

business tourists.

Aquaculture

and allied

industries

Optimal utilization

of wasteland.

Local employment

generation and

improvement of the

living standards of

the local people.

Large-scale

investments required

– not much scope

for small individual

ventures.

Aliya Bet has

already been

taken up for

Aquaculture

development with

the initiative of

the then Chief

Secretary, PS/RD

and Secretary,

Fisheries.

Due to salinity of

the soil, land is

not suited for

agriculture – thus

Aquaculture is a

very good option.

Forest department

also planning for

Aquaculture.

Feasibility studies

along with Master

Planning of the

area for

Aquaculture have

been attempted.

Threat to the

aquatic ecosystem

and marine

environment if

practiced

inappropriately.



Infrastructure

requirements have

also been

considered and

potential sources

of funds

identified.

Marine

Engineering

Industries

Potential of

generating

employment (both

skilled & semi-

skilled workers) and

substantial revenues.

Perfectly suited to

the geographical

conditions

prevailing in Aliya

Bet.

Requires huge

capital investments

and excellent

connectivity.

Large-scale

industrial

developments

proposed in the

region would

boost Marine

Engineering

industries.

Environmental

pollution may

damage the

fragile coastal

ecosystem if not

controlled and

monitored

effectively.

Integrated

Sports

Complex and

Auto Racing

Circuit

Abundant land

availability for

development of

large integrated

sports complex or a

Games Village of

international

standards.

Land availability for

development of

Auto Racing Circuit

– first of its kind in

India.

Games Village not

at all feasible or

practical in terms of

financial returns.

Auto Racing not yet

popularized in India.

High development

cost due to nature of

soil and climatic

conditions.

Such development

usually demand

excellent

connectivity.

Development of

this nature and

scale would

enhance the

image of the

country in terms

of sports

infrastructure.

Mostly

environmental

threats related to

degradation of the

ecosystem.

Ecotourism

Zone

Ecotourism, if

practised under

controlled and well-

monitored

conditions, can

promote tourism and

at the same time

preserve the natural

habitat.

Ecotourism Zones,

to a fairly large

extent, fail to attract

Indian tourists in

large numbers.

Aliya Bet not

endowed with

typical exotic

locations or thrilling

Ministry of

Tourism, GoI, has

specific policies

and strategies to

develop

Ecotourism Zones

and circuits all

over the country.

Aliya Bet can

May destroy the

natural ecosystem

if not developed

in a sensitive

manner and if the

tourist activities

are not monitored

effectively.



Has the potential to

generate

employment and

earn huge revenues

with very low

capital investment.

Concept of

Ecotourism is

particularly

successful in

attracting foreign

tourists.

landscapes. provide unique

landscape features

and a wide variety

of flora & fauna,

including

migratory birds –

these can be

properly

advertised and

marketed to make

Ecotourism a

success.

No problems of

extensive

infrastructure

development and

associated

investment issues.

Golf Course

and Leisure

Resorts

Potential of

attracting foreign

tourists as well as

select high-end

Indian tourists.

Potential of

developing Aliya

Bet as a deluxe

weekend leisure

destination.

Substantial

employment

generation and

revenue earning

potential.

Relevant grass

required for Golf

can be grown in the

type of soil found in

Aliya Bet.

Huge investment

requirement.

Foreign investment,

developer and

designer are vital.

Greater area of open

land requirement.

High development

cost due to nature of

soil and climatic

conditions.

Demand for such

leisure resorts &

golf course is on

the rise.

Isolated and

secluded setting

of Aliya Bet

makes it a suitable

location for such

development.

Growing number

of business

tourists in the

region due to

rapid

industrialization

will further

increase demand

in the recent

future.

Uncontrolled and

unregulated

development may

threaten the

environment and

the fragile coastal

ecosystem.

Quite a few

proposals of such

development are

there in the region

– Competition is

high.

Water Sports

and

Recreation

Potential of

attracting foreign

tourists as well as

high-end Indian

tourists.

Indian tourists not

yet attracted to such

recreational

activities.

Infrastructure

Growing business

tourism in the

region would

surely increase

the demand for

Threat to the

aquatic ecosystem

and marine

environment if

proper measures



Potential of

attracting FDI in

tourism

development and

generating huge

revenues.

development

associated with

water sports and

recreation requires

huge investments.

water sports and

related activities.

Such facilities

have not yet been

developed in the

region.

With over 40 km

of shoreline,

Aliya Bet has

huge possibility

of developing

Water Sports and

associated

facilities such as

Underwater Walk,

etc.

are not taken.

The SWOT analysis has been summarized in the following Table 6.2 which forms the basis for

selection of potential sectors. Here, only the major advantages and threats have been marked.



Table 6.2: Development Feasibility Assessment Summary

Factor conducive for development

Threat to development

Activity/Development

La

nd

Su

ita

bil

ity

En

vir

on

men

tal

Su

ita

bil

ity

Dem

an

d i

n t

he

Reg

ion

Rev

enu

e G

ener

ati

on

Po

ten

tial

Em

plo

ym

ent

Gen

era

tio

n

Po

ten

tial

Sca

le o

f I

nv

estm

ent

Req

uir

ed

(Fea

sib

ilit

y)

Infr

ast

ruct

ure

Req

uir

emen

t &

Av

ail

ab

ilit

y

Av

ail

ab

ilit

y o

f F

un

ds

/ F

un

din

g

Po

ssib

ilit

y

To

uri

sm D

evel

op

men

t P

ote

nti

al

So

cia

l /

Po

liti

cal

Su

pp

ort

Sel

ect

(�)

/ R

ejec

t (�

) /

Sel

ect

wit

h M

od

ific

ati

on

s (

M)

Petrochemical Industries

including Oil Refineries

�

Film City and Holiday Resorts �

IT and Biotech Parks �

Entertainment Zones and

Amusement Parks

�

Casino Resorts and Hotels M

Aquaculture and allied

industries

�

Marine Engineering Industries �

Integrated Sports Complex and

Auto Racing Circuit

�

Ecotourism Zone �

Golf Course and Leisure Resorts �

Water Sports and Recreation �



It should however be remembered that some of the rejected activities or developments have also been

considered, after making suitable additions / alterations. These issues and details have been discussed

in the following sections.

6.3 Feasible Developments/ Potential Sectors

Comprehensive case studies (discussed in section 6.4 below) and analyses have led to the

identification of the feasible developments or potential sectors of development at Aliya Bet. These

include:

• Integrated Film City and Holiday Resort

• Amusement Park

• Aquaculture and allied industries (including Aquarium Zone)

• Ecotourism and associated developments (Botanical Garden, Bird Sanctuary etc.)

• Golf Course and Exclusive Leisure Resorts

• Water Sports and Recreational facilities

In addition to this, other facilities, specifically aimed at tourism (including business tourism)

development have also been identified. These include:

• Offshore Casinos on Cruise Ships

• Convention Centre as part of the Golf-centric development

• Ropeways, Sky-Taxis and Boat-rides (connectivity to Aliya Bet)

4 specific zones have been conceived in Aliya Bet, which would include the development of the

selected activities and industries. The zones are:

1. Entertainment Zone

2. Aquaculture Zone

3. Entertainment and Eco development Zone

4. Forest Zone

6.3.1 Entertainment Zone

The Entertainment Zone would primarily be aimed at tourism development. The zone is expected to

attract substantial volume of foreign tourists, high-end business tourists as well weekend tourists from

the region. Substantial capital investment would be necessary and this zone is expected to generate

high financial returns along with employment generation. The Entertainment Zone would require

excellent connectivity and should ideally be located away from the ecologically sensitive parts of

Aliya Bet.



This zone has further been divided into 4 sub-zones for accommodating the identified activities. The

sub-zones are:

(i) Film City Zone

(ii) Amusement Zone

(iii) Resorts & Golf Course Zone

(iv) Eco Zone

Each of these sub-zones has been detailed out in the following sections.

(i) Film City Zone

Development of an Integrated Film City and Holiday Resort has been proposed on the basis of the

feasibility analyses and case studies. The unique characteristics of this development may include a

State-of-the-Art Digital Animation Studio, a centre dedicated to regional film production, a State level

film-television-drama institute, and large auditorium for award ceremonies and recreational / leisure

facilities for high-end tourists.

The proposed components of the Film City Zone are:

• Indoor & outdoor set locations

• Pre-production, production and post-production facilities

• Studio floors and laboratories

• Regional Film Production Centre

• State-of-the-Art Digital Animation Studio

• State level Film, Television and Drama Institute

• Auditorium for award ceremonies

• Landscaped gardens

• Multi-cuisine restaurants and Cafes



(ii) Amusement Zone

An Amusement Zone has been proposed within the Entertainment Zone of Aliya Bet. This zone has

been conceived to be of international standards, in lines with Walt Disney World Resort in the USA.

This development would be quite different from the small amusement parks or theme parks existing in

the country in terms of area, type of recreational activities, tourism development potential as well as

amount of investment. This large recreational park zone would contain multiple theme parks, water

parks, and shopping, dining, recreation venues. The development of the entire zone can be taken up by

a single private investor/developer with experience of similar developments around the world.

Alternatively, different investors or companies may be allowed to develop multiple parks and zones as

per a comprehensive master plan of the Amusement Zone in order to ensure a balanced, integrated,

successful development. Although the capital investment requirement is significantly high, the amount

of financial returns expected from the activities within this zone is substantial.

The proposed components of the Amusement Zone are:

• Theme Parks

• Water Parks

• Large auditoria and convention centres

• Interactive Science Education Parks and Planetarium

• Virtual Reality theatres

• Shopping centres and Food courts

(iii) Resorts and Golf Course Zone

An integrated development of international standards has been proposed in the Resorts and Golf

Course Zone. Golf is increasingly gaining popularity as a recreational sport in India. It is particularly

popular among business tourists, high-end Indian tourists and foreign tourists. Deluxe Resorts and

Golf Courses are often integrated to form an ideal elite leisure weekend destination. This would be a

low-density development, harmonious with nature with an expanse of greenery.

The proposed components of the Resorts and Golf Course Zone are:

• Golf Course

• Deluxe resorts

• Convention centre for business meetings

• Golf Training Centre



(iv) Eco Zone

Eco Zones and parks are one of the strategies to develop environmentally sensitive region in a

sustainable manner. The proposed Eco Zone should consciously be planned along the Narmada River

since the coastal area is ecologically sensitive. Creeks in this zone would be protected and sensitively

integrated with the development. Ecotourism should be promoted in this zone by constructing small

shelters, using vernacular styles of architecture with locally available materials and low-cost

construction technologies. This zone has the potential of attracting huge volumes of tourists, earning

considerable revenues with very low investment.

The proposed components of the Eco Zone are:

• Nature Interpretation Centre

• Botanical Garden

• Plantation area

• Landscaped gardens and lakes

• Picnic shelters and eateries

6.3.2 Aquaculture Zone

The Aquaculture Zone is proposed to be planned in lines with the existing proposal of aquaculture

development in Aliya Bet by the Department of Fisheries and the Revenue Department. Aquaculture is

expected to create local employment with optimum utilization of the available wastelands of Aliya

Bet. The aim would also be to introduce the latest technologies in aquaculture to this area by attracting

private sector investments. MPEDA has already submitted the action plan for fisheries in the area in

lines with similar facilities in Indonesia and Vietnam. Preliminary Master Plan of the area for

aquaculture development has also been done.

In summary, the 3 sub-zones of the Aquaculture Zone are:

(i) Aquaculture Ponds

The principal components of this zone are the aquaculture ponds for fish farming, tiger prawn farming

and other activities. Mud bunds, 1.5 to 2 m high would be constructed, to create 100 to 400 acre

farming ponds. Ancillary facilities such as cold storages and packaging industries would have to be

developed.

(ii) Deep Freeze and Packaging Zone

Aquaculture farming would require the feed to be stored in substantial quantities. Similarly it would

also require processing, freezing and packaging facilities. All these facilities would be included in the

Deep Freeze and Packaging Zone.



(iii) Aquarium Zone

A State-of-the-Art Aquarium Zone is proposed within the Aquaculture Zone. It has been envisaged

that this zone would consist of galleries of various marine/aquatic species, touch pools of fishes and

gallery of corals. Besides tourism, this zone would aim at spreading the message of conservation and

protection of marine/aquatic habitats. The Aquarium Zone may also consist of world-class walk-in

aquaria, education-cum-fish presentation centre, souvenir outlets and other entertainment facilities

interspersed between parks and landscaped areas consisting of bamboo hutments with different shapes

and sizes of aquaria. A healthcare facility for fishes may also be considered. However, it is advised

that a detailed feasibility study be done before finalizing the components of this zone and investments.

6.3.3 Entertainment and Eco development Zone

Ecotourism should be promoted in this zone. All the construction process and materials in this zone

will be environmentally friendly. Green areas will be developed in this zone. Locally available

materials and low-cost construction technologies will be encouraged in this zone. This zone has a

potential of attracting many regional and business tourists. The zone also has potential of earning

considerable revenues with low investment.

6.3.4 Forest Zone

It is proposed that the existing reserved forest be relocated to this zone, preferably all along the

western and southern coastline of Aliya Bet, which is ecologically sensitive and contains mangroves.

The forest zone should be protected and may be used for ecotourism development after carrying out

necessary environmental impact assessments and feasibility studies. Habitats for migratory birds

should be preserved and sensitively developed. This zone has the potential of becoming a bird-

watchers’ paradise. Therefore a Bird Sanctuary is also proposed in this zone.

6.3.5 Offshore Casinos on Cruise Ships

Casinos have the potential of attracting high-end tourists, foreign tourists as well as business tourists.

However, the laws of the country prohibit live gambling and the laws of the State of Gujarat prohibit

consumption of liquor throughout the State. Therefore, casinos cannot be proposed as a part of the

Entertainment Zone in Aliya Bet. Nevertheless, offshore casinos on cruise ships, similar to such

facilities off the coast of Goa have been proposed. These casinos would have live gaming facilities and

would be easily accessible from the Entertainment Zone. For socio-political reasons, casinos would be

restricted only to foreigners and Indian nationals who can afford the high costs related to such

entertainment. The ships could be located at a proposed jetty at the western coast of Aliya Bet and

would make short cruises in the Gulf of Cambay.



6.3.6 Water Sports and Recreation

Water sports and recreational facilities have been proposed, which should be developed after assessing

the demand for such activities among the tourists visiting Aliya Bet. It is true, however, that such

exclusive recreational facilities would enhance the attraction of Aliya Bet as a unique holiday

destination. Water sports and recreation zones may be developed at suitable points along the coastline,

depending on the specific requirements of the activity including safety. Investments would ideally be

made by specific parks, resorts or hotels in the Entertainment Zone for their customers. These

activities should be planned appropriately, without polluting the marine environment or threatening

the marine ecosystem. The possible activities include underwater walks, surfing and water-skiing, kite

surfing and yachting.

6.3.7 Boat Rides/ Ropeways/ Sky Train

Boat ride, ropeway and sky train have been proposed for improving the connectivity to Aliya Bet in

view of the future developments. These would not only help in the transportation of industrial workers

from nearby cities/towns/villages, but would also attract tourists to the zone. The proposed routes for

these modes have been marked in the Proposed Infrastructure Map attached as Appendix K.



6.4 Case Studies

6.4.1 Island Development

Category Island Development

Study Area, Location

Jurong Island, located to the southwest of the main island of Singapore.

Developer JTC Corporation

Area and Investment

• Area of Jurong Island (after land reclamation) is more than 30 sq. km.

• Total investment: More than US $31 billion (Rs. 1,55,000 Crores) in fixed assets on site.

Employment Approximately 30,000 (2007 figure)

Basic Details and Facts

• Jurong Island is a man-made island, formed by the amalgamation of several small swampy offshore islands.

• Up to 1960s, islands housed fishing communities in small villages.

• Rapid industrialisation & scarcity of industrial land gave the idea of joining the southern islands off Jurong to form one colossal island.

• Land reclamation began in 1995 – Jurong Island officially opened in October 2000.

• Total land area of the original seven islets: 9.91 sq. km. – Area of Jurong Island: more than 30 sq. km.

• Currently island boasts over 94 leading petroleum, petrochemical, specialty chemical and supporting companies.

• Jurong Island is linked to the main island by a 2.3 km causeway known as the Jurong Island Highway, opened in March 1999.

Infrastructure / Facilities

• World-class services include utilities, power and telecommunications, supported by amenities such as a causeway, an amenity centre, a fire station, bus services and more.

• Jurong Island offers a full spectrum of integrated utilities through well-respected third party service providers: These companies offer services that include energy and water resources, tankage and terminal facilities, warehousing, maintenance and repair support.

• Two logistics parks provide an exhaustive spectrum of integrated logistics and supply chain support for companies



on the chemical island.

Unique Features

• Jurong Island is a highly integrated and self-contained petrochemicals hub.

• Jurong Island is home to leading petrochemical companies like BASF, BP, Celanese, ExxonMobil, DuPont, Mitsui Chemicals, Chevron Oronite, Shell and Sumitomo Chemical.

Future Growth

• Chemical LogisPark – New chemical logistics hubs.

• Jurong Rock Cavern – Oil storage complex to be built at subterranean depths beneath the seabed of Banyan Basin.

Contact Details The JTC Summit, 8 Jurong Town Hall Road, Singapore 609434.

6.4.2 Film City

Category Film City


Ramoji Film City, located about 35 km from Hyderabad.

Developer Ramoji Group

Area and Investment

• Total Area of complex: Over 2,000 acres (8.1 sq. km.) out of which 1600 acres have been developed

• Investment: Rs. 400 Crores (initial)

Rs 1000 Crores (total till date)

Employment 7500 to 8000


• The facility was opened in 1996.

• Ramoji Film City is the world’s largest integrated film studio complex.

• It is also a popular tourism and recreation centre, containing both natural and artificial attractions.


• Pre-production, Production, and Post-production resources

• Over 500 set locations (indoor & outdoor)

• About 50 studio floors, High-tech laboratories

• Digital film facility & support systems

• Hotels and leisure facilities

• Gardens & Fountains

• Fun & Play Areas

• Food Courts

• The Film City attracts filmmakers from the country & from



Unique Features

Hollywood, thereby attracting FDIs.

• Studios attract over a million tourists per year (over 4000 tourists per day), earning billions of Rupees.

Future Growth

N.A.

Contact Details Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad – 501512, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.

6.4.3 Amusement Park

Category Amusement Park


Wonderla, Bangalore

Developer V-Guard Group

Area and Investment • Area: 82 Acres

• Investment: Rs. 45 Crores

Employment 500


Wonderla is located around 30 km from Bangalore, along the Bangalore – Mysore highway.


• 24 land based rides

• Water rides

• Dry rides, Hi-thrill rides and Kids’ rides

• Indoor musical fountain and laser shows

• Rain Disco – Dance floor

• Virtual Reality Theatre

• Conference halls

• Water Quality Control Laboratory

• Gardens and Restaurants

• Solar power generation facilities

• Rain water harvesting facilities

Unique Features

India’s biggest amusement park with the largest number of high-tech imported land and water amusements.

Future Growth

N.A.

Contact Details Wonderla, 28th km., Mysore Road, Bangalore – 562109.



6.4.4 Casinos

Category Cruise Ship with on-board Casino


Casino Goa, located offshore in Panaji, Goa.

Developer Owned by Advani Pleasure Cruise Co Ltd. as a joint venture between the company and Casinos Austria.

Area and Investment • The casino vessel is 65.5 m long and can accommodate 300

people.

• The casino vessel is worth Rs. 11 Crore.

Employment Information not available


• The casino is located on a yatch, the M.V. Caravela, anchored in the River Mandovi.

• Annual License Fee is Rs. 5 lakh.

• Entrance fees are high to deter casual punters and target the foreign tourists.


• Casino bar

• 1 private gaming room

• 3 standard rooms & 2 suites

• Open air swimming pool

• Air conditioned multi-cuisine buffet restaurant

• TV/video game room

• Toddlers room

• Shuttle service at regular intervals.

Unique Features

• It is India's only live casino offering Las Vegas style live gaming.

• Offers an enhanced gaming experience, superior service and easy entrance ticketing policies.

Future Growth

In 2007, State of Goa decided to expand number of licenses for off-shore boating casinos in Goa, to attract foreign tourists from the Arabian peninsula.

Contact Details Ramada Caravela Beach Resort, Goa



6.4.5 Resorts and Golf Course

Category Resorts and Golf Course


Eagleton Resorts and Golf Course, Bangalore-Mysore Road.

Developer Eagleton Group


• Investment: Rs. 500 Crores

Employment 250


International Standard Golf Course (rated as one among the top 5 Golf courses in India), expansive air-conditioned club house / hotel measuring about 3,00,000 sq. ft. (biggest of its kind in South East Asia) and Residential Enclave.


• 165 Acre USPGA standard 18-hole golf course

• 25-bay golf academy with flood-lit driving range

• Conference and banquet facilities

• Multi-level swimming pool

• Spa

• Bar and restaurants

• 70-seater theatre

• Indoor and outdoor sports

• Open party areas and amphitheatre

• Luxury resorts

• Plots and designer homes

Unique Features

• Eagleton has the credit of presenting itself as one of the most preferred destinations of ‘Brand Bangalore’.

• It has been portrayed as the hot spot for ‘weekend getaway’ by premier dailies.

Future Growth

Not available.

Contact Details Eagleton The Golf Resort, +30th Km, Bangalore-Mysore Highway, Bidadi-562109, (Bangalore South).



Category Resorts and Golf Course


Jaypee Greens, Greater Noida.

Developer Jaiprakash Associates Limited

Area and Investment • Area: 450 acre

• Estimated Investment: Rs. 350 Crores



A premium golf-centric real estate development project integrating homes with golf course, landscaped spaces, resorts and commercial developments.


• Golf Course (18 hole Championship layout)

• Estate Homes, Villas, Townhouses

• Exclusive Apartments

• Integrated Sports Complex

• Resorts and Cottages

• Clubhouse and Eateries

• Conference & Banquet facilities

• Spa and Health Club

• Nature Reserve

• Golf Academy

• Host of other entertainment and recreation options

Unique Features

“Best Golf Development-India" by CNBC Asia Pacific Property Awards 2008

Future Growth

Currently in the process of development.

Contact Details Jaypee Greens, G - Block, Greater Noida - 201 306 (U.P.), India.



6.4.6 Botanical Garden

Category Botanical Garden


Lal Bagh Botanical Garden, Bangalore.

Developer The garden was commissioned by the ruler of Mysore, Hyder Ali in 1760 and his son Tipu Sultan completed the construction.


• Investment: N.A.



Design of the Lal Bagh Garden is inspired by the design of the Mughal Gardens that once stood at Sira, at a distance of 120 km from Bangalore on the main NH 4 at Tumkur District in Karnataka.


• Glass house

• Gardens

• Aquarium

• Lake

Unique Features

• The garden has over 1,000 species of flora.

• The garden has trees that are over 100 years old.

• It has the subcontinent's largest collection of rare plants.

• It contains the Lalbagh Rock, one of the oldest rock formations on earth, dating back to 3000 million years.

• It holds a number of flower shows, especially on the Republic Day (26th January).

Future Growth

Not Available

Contact Details Mysore Horticultural Society, Lalbagh, Bangalore-560 004.



6.4.7 Bird Sanctuary

Category Bird Sanctuary


Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (Keoladeo Ghana National Park), Rajasthan.

Developer Government of Rajasthan

Area and Investment • Area of Park: 29 sq. km. (11 sq. km. of which is marshland)

• Investment: N.A.



• It is one of the finest bird sanctuaries in the world.

• Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (Keoladeo Ghana National Park) also offers protection to faunal species.

• It was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971.

• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


• Well defined trails through the park

• Rickshaw rides through the park

• Boat rides

Unique Features

• It is a famous avifauna sanctuary, visited by thousands of rare and highly endangered birds such as the Siberian Crane during the winter season.

• Over 300 species of birds have made the National Park their home.

• It is also a major tourist centre with scores of ornithologists arriving here in the hibernal season.

• Migratory birds at Bharatpur bird sanctuary include several species of Cranes, Pelicans, Geese, Ducks, Eagles, Hawks, Shanks, Stints, Wagtails, Warblers, Wheatears, Flycatchers, Buntings, Larks and Pipits, etc.

Future Growth

Not Available

Contact Details Director, Garhwal Himalayan Expedition, New Delhi



6.4.8 Aquarium

Category Aquarium


Georgia Aquarium located at Pemberton Place in Atlanta, Georgia (USA).

Developer Funded mostly by a donation from Home Depot founder Bernie Marcus.

Area and Investment • Site Area: 20 Acres

• Investment: USD 250 million (approx. Rs. 1250 Crores)

Employment More than 220 full-time and 200 part-time


• It has more than 8.1 million US gallons (31,000 m³) of marine and fresh water, housing more than 100,000 animals of 500 different species.

• The aquarium's conservation and environmental mission is just as important as its status as an attraction.


• Massive marine/aquatic habitats

• Gallery of endangered species

• Interactive gallery with touch pools

• Tunnel through marine environment – Ocean Voyager

• Freshwater species gallery

• Display of corals and reef fish

• Interactive 4D Theatre (250 capacity)

• Banquet hall

• Food courts and Cafes in marine/aquatic environment

• Gift shops

• Aquatic animal healthcare facility

Unique Features

It is considered as the “World's Largest Aquarium”.

Contact Details Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, GA 30313.



7 Conceptual Zoning Plan

Analysis of existing conditions, feasibility studies of potential sectors/activities/industries and case

studies of similar developments around the world have led to the proposed conceptual land use /

zoning plan for Aliya Bet. This conceptual structure plan would provide guidelines for the spatial

allocation of the proposed developments within the delineated area. The plan aims at an integrated,

harmonious development of Aliya Bet with the dual objective of economic prosperity and

environmental sustainability. The proposed conceptual zoning plan and sub-zoning plan have been

given in Annexure M and N as Map 6/CZ and 7/SZ.

7.1 Factors for Zoning

Major factors for zoning:

• Entertainment Zone is located at the most accessible and well-connected part of Aliya Bet, on

the eastern side of the existing road. This zone is away from the ecologically sensitive parts.

This zone is close to Hansot and easily accessible from the State Highway. The creeks falling

within this zone would be integrated with the proposed development activities. This zone is

further proposed to have Film City, Amusement park, Resort and Golf courses and Eco Park

as its sub zones. An Airstrip is also proposed for Aliya Bet in this zone. However relevant

studies will have to be carried out to decide the exact placement within this zone.

o The film city area in this zone is proposed along main land of Hansot as the activity is

more construction intensive, so less sensitive area is earmarked for this kind of

development.

o Resorts and golf courses are proposed in an area where there is least number of creeks

but has a very wide frontage towards the existing creeks.

o Amusement park is proposed along the main road to make it an easily accessible area

which will be developed by integrating creeks into its planning. These creeks may

have water intensive activity of the park like water rides.

o The most sensitive zone of entertainment zone will be eco zone proposed towards

Narmada River and will be developed as botanical garden.

• Forest Zone has been proposed to be relocated from its present location and planned along the

coastline of Aliya Bet, towards the Gulf of Cambay, incorporating the mangroves and other

ecologically sensitive areas. This zone incorporates a large number of creek edges that need to

be protected. This area will be developed as eco sensitive area having bird sanctuary

integrated with many water bodies to attract migratory birds.

• Aquaculture Zone is proposed on the western side of the existing road as the area is relatively

low lying than the north eastern edge of Aliya Bet. This area also has more number of creeks.

This zone is further proposed to have aquaculture ponds, aquarium zone and packaging and

deep freeze area.



• Entertainment and Eco development Zone has been strategically planned. Proximity to the

road (major spine) running through Aliya Bet is a major advantage where entertainment

related activities could be developed on eco development principles. The smaller land form

(533 hectares) towards the north provides a good setting for green area development.

7.2 Proposed Land use / Zoning

The proposed land use and zoning have been explained with the help of the following Figure 7.1.

Figure 7.1: Proposed Zones and Sub-Zones in Aliya Bet

The details of areas allocated for each of the proposed zones and sub-zones is given in Table 7.1 below.

Table 7.1: Area Statement of the Proposed Land use / Zones

SL.

NO. ZONE AREA (SQ. KM.)

PERCENTAGE OF

TOTAL AREA

1 ECO ZONE 8.4 4.98

2 FILM CITY ZONE 8.3 4.92

3 AMUSEMENT ZONE 11.9 7.05

4 RESORT/GOLF COURSE ZONE 7.65 4.54

TOTAL (ENTERTAINMENT ZONE) 36.25 21.49

5 DEEP FREEZE/PACKAGING ZONE 8.65 5.13

6 AQUA CULTURE PONDS 45.68 27.10

7 AQUARIUM ZONE 7.91 4.69

TOTAL (AQUACULTURE ZONE) 62.24 36.92

TOTAL (ENTERTAINMENT AND ECO

DEVELOPMENT ZONE) 23.54 13.98

TOTAL (FOREST ZONE) 46.54 27.61

TOTAL 168.57 100.0

Aliya Bet

Entertainment Zone Aquaculture Zone Entertainment and Eco

development Zone

Forest Zone

Film City Zone

Amusement Zone

Resorts &

Golf Course Zone

Eco Zone

(Botanical Garden)

Aquaculture Ponds

Deep Freeze /

Packaging Zone

Aquarium Zone

Ecotourism and

Entertainment related

activities based on Eco

Development principles



7.3 Investment and Employment

Various national and international case studies discussed in section 6.4 earlier have formed the basis

for estimating investments and employment generated for the sectors proposed in Aliya Bet.

The estimated investment required to develop the Entertainment Zone including the proposed

integrated Film City, Amusement Parks, Resorts, Golf Course and associated facilities is

approximately Rs. 5294 Crores. The estimated total employment generated from this zone is

approximately 33050 persons. The approximate investment and employment generated for the

entertainment zone of 36.25 sq km area is summarised below in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Estimated Investment and Employment for Entertainment Zone

Development Quantity Unit

Unit

Investment

(Rs. Crores /

sq. km)

Estimated

Total

Investment

(Rs. Crores)

Unit

Employment

(persons/ sq

km)

Estimated

Employment

Generation

Integrated Film City and Holiday Resorts

8.3 sq. km.

140 1162 1600 13200

Amusement Park with associated Developments

11.9 sq. km.

130 1547 1500 17850

Golf Course with Exclusive Leisure Resorts

7.65 sq. km.

250 1912.5 125 1000

Eco Zone 8.4 sq. km.

80 672 125 1000

Total 36.25 sq.

km. 5293.5

33050

As per the feasibility study conducted by the Department of Fisheries, Gandhinagar, the direct

employment generation in the Aquaculture zone is expected to be in the range of 20,000 to 25,000

when fully developed and operational as per the proposals. Fish and tiger-prawn farming in the

Aquaculture Zone would require an investment of around Rs. 140 Crores and more than 15,000 local

people are expected to be directly benefited.

Case studies indicate that the Aquarium Zone development according to international standards within

the designated area would require investment in the range of Rs. 1000 – 1500 Crores.

Investment related to the cruise ships with casinos would vary considerably depending upon the scale

of the ships and facilities on board. Development of these facilities by private companies and

developers would be demand driven.

It is further advised that detailed feasibility studies be done along with strategic master planning of

each zone before finalizing on the developments and investments.



7.4 Proposed Connectivity

7.4.1 Road Connectivity

Aliya Bet is directly connected by road via Ankleshwar and Hansot. SH6 at Hansot is around 16 Km

from Aliya Bet. SH6 further connects NH 8 in a loop linking Surat, Mumbai to the South and

Ahmedabad, New Delhi towards the North. The connectivity of Aliya Bet up to the NK8 is proposed

to be augmented to a four lane road throughout as described below. Also refer Annexure O showing

proposed infrastructure Map 8/PI. Also Refer Table 8.1 in section 8

The main road within Aliya Bet is 9.6 km in length. This road was built by ONGC around ten years

ago for the sake of oil exploration. This road is proposed to be rebuilt with four lanes. The road will

have to be engineered in such a way that it can sustain the water pressure from the creeks and also

does not disturb the drainage pattern of Aliya Bet. It will also serve as an embankment for the

entertainment zone area.

The Major District Road (3.3 km) from Ambetha village till Hansot village is proposed to be

strengthened and widened to a four lane road connecting Aliya Bet to SH6 with four lanes.

SH 6 (38.25 km) leading from Hansot to NH8 is proposed to be widened to a four lane road. This will

connect Aliya Bet to the NH8 via a four lane road.

New Internal two lane roads (20.41 km) are proposed to connect the proposed broad internal zones

from the main spine.

7.4.2 Air Connectivity

An independent airstrip is proposed for Aliya Bet. However suitable land related studies would be

needed. Apart from that the Government of Gujarat had sanctioned the development of an airport at

Ankleshwar in Bharuch district in 1994. Land measuring 190 acres had been acquired at a location

about 10 km from Ankleshwar town and 15 km from Bharuch adjacent to the NH 8. The terminal

building is also partially constructed. It is thus proposed that this proposed airport should have

provision for helipads that will connect Ankleshwar to Aliya Bet by Air route. Helipads can be

constructed within the east zone of Aliya Bet or the whole of Aliya Bet can have a common Helipad as

per requirement.

7.4.3 Water Connectivity

As described in the existing water connectivity section 2.3, Aliya Bet is connected via Narmada River

from the northern side with the villages of Suva, Vengani, Kaladra, Samni, Kaswa, Bharbhut and

Samni. Moreover, Bharbhut and Vengani also act as fishing harbours. However, during the

reconnaissance survey, we understood that most of the stretch of the river on the northern side of Aliya

Bet has mudflats. Therefore it is possible to cross the river only during high tide from most of these

spots.



After careful analysis Bharbhut is identified as the shortest and most feasible origin point for water

connectivity (ferryboat) to the delineated site. Bharbhut has availability of sufficient water depth.

Moreover, it also has an existing fishing harbour. Refer Appendix M showing proposed infrastructure

Map 8/PI.

7.5 Proposed Utilities

7.5.1 Water

From a prima facie discussion with the Ukai Canal Engineers, it can be said that water for Aliya Bet is

available via the Ukai Canal network in Hansot Taluka. However, the detailed requirement

calculations will be needed as per the detailed feasibility of proposed developments. Accordingly an

extension and up gradation of the water supply network would be needed. Refer Appendix O showing

proposed infrastructure Map 8/PI.

It is also proposed that the development policy for the different zones should specify use of rain water

harvesting and recycled water use for open spaces. Apart from this, individual units should also

harvest roof top water to cater to at least some of their water requirement.

The broad estimation of water requirement for the Entertainment Zone is summarised below in table

7.3. It is estimated from the case studies that the total water demand for the entertainment zone of

36.25 sq km would be 36.1 MGD (considering that same amount of water would be recycled).

Table 7.3: Estimated Water Requirement for Entertainment Zone

Entertainment Sub-

Zone

Area in

Sq Km

Unit

(MGD/Sq Km)

Water Demand (MGD) Source

Amusement Zone

a. Water Intensive

3 15 45 Wonderla, Bangalore

Amusement Zone

b. Other Activities

8.9 1 8.9 Film City, Ramoji

Film City Zone 8.3 1 8.3 Film City, Ramoji

Resorts / Golf course 7.65 0.82 6.3 Amby Valley, Mumbai

Eco Zone 8.4 0.44 3.7 Amby Valley, Mumbai

Total Water

Demand

36.25 72.2 MGD, but actual

requirement will be

around 36 MGD

(cnsidering 50 % to be

recycling component)



7.5.2 Waste

It is proposed that each proposed zone of Aliya Bet, will act as a self

sustaining unit. The waste would be managed in a sustainable manner

in each zone.

The development policy for each zone would specify for sustainable

management of the solid waste. Various methods for recycling of the

waste will be adopted in each zone.

The liquid waste, which would be entirely non hazardous is proposed

to be disposed within each zone with the system of septic tanks and

soak pits.

7.5.3 Power and Gas

A prima facie commitment from the Gujarat Electricity Transmission Corporation (GETCO) and Gas

Authority of India Limited (GAIL) is available for provision of power and gas for the requirement of

proposed development in Aliya Bet. However, further detailed requirement will have to be estimated

as per the detailed feasibility of proposed developments. Accordingly an extension and up gradation of

the Power and Gas network would be needed. Refer Appendix O showing proposed infrastructure

Map 8/PI.

The possible tapping point for Gas connectivity will be Hansot. The nearest SV (Sectionalising Valve)

station is at Koliad and at Mothia in Hansot Taluka.

The possible tapping line for Power connection would be from Hansot as the nearest 220 KV line is

passing through Hansot (Gavasad to Kosamba line)

It is also proposed that the development policy for the different zones should

specify use of solar power for the purpose of lighting the roads and other

open spaces. Apart from this, individual units should also harness solar

energy on their roof tops for their electricity needs. Cumulatively, GETCO

electricity supply and solar energy together will be used to cater to the power

requirement of proposed development of Aliya Bet.

The broad estimation of power requirement for the Entertainment Zone is

summarised below in table 7.4. It is estimated from the case studies that the

total power demand for the entertainment zone would be 64 MW.

Table 7.4: Estimated Power Requirement for Entertainment Zone

Entertainment Sub-

Zone

Area in

Sq Km

Unit

(MW/Sq Km)

Total Power

Demand (MW)

Source

Amusement Zone 7.4 2 23.8 Wonderla, Bangalore



Film City Zone 8.3 2.5 20.8 Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad

Resorts & Golf

course

11.65 1.8 13.8 Amby Valley, Mumbai

Eco Zone 8.4 0.72 6 Amby Valley, Mumbai

Total 36.25 64.4

7.6 Coastal Engineering Aspects

Gujarat Maritime Board has already identified a potential for ship building activities along the

Narmada due to the proposed PCPIR at Dahej. It is planning for marine infrastructure along the

Narmada River. Refer Appendix O showing proposed infrastructure Map 8/PI.

GMB is in the process of conducting surveys to access the Draft conditions in Narmada River along

the northern edge of Aliya Bet. It has acquired around 40 acres of land for ship building activities near

Luvara village. GMB has also started construction of jetties along Bhadra River near Vengani village

in Vagra Taluka which has existing ship building activities. The draft available at this point is around

10 meters. Otherwise the existing draft in Narmada River waters along the northern edge of Aliya bet

ranges between 1 meter during low tide and 5 meters during high tide.

7.7 Other Engineering Aspects

7.7.1 Reclamation / Land filling

Most part of the Aliya Bet land experiences high tide water at least once in a fortnight. This makes the

land unusable. It makes the soil saline, which in turn does not allow any vegetation growth and

agriculture activities. Therefore, in order to use the land in a sustainable manner some amount of

filling is essential. According to several sources it is understood that the existing road in Aliya Bet

always remains above the high tide waters. On the basis of a broad contour analysis, an average filling

requirement of 1.75 meters has been estimated for the proposed entertainment zone on the right side of

the road. Also Refer Table 8.2.

7.7.2 Retaining Wall

There is a practice of using Guide bunds in the coastal region of Bharuch. These guide bunds perform

the function of eco friendly retaining wall for coastal areas. The guide wall is constructed in random

rubble masonry with gabion membrane and geo-textile filter.

Retaining wall / embankment will be needed to retain the filling and level difference between the

filling in entertainment zone on the right hand side of the central road and the aqua culture zone on the

left hand side. This would be constructed with random rubble masonry.



8 Infrastructure Costing and Its Funding

The broad costs for the augmentation of roads leading to Aliya Bet from NH8 have been discussed

below in Table 8.1. The total cost required is estimated to Rs 498 Crores.

The Unit Costs for State Highway and National Highway have been considered based on unit

development costs applicable for Bharuch region. Broad estimation of costs incurred due to poor soil

conditions and provision of appropriate drainage have been included in the unit costs for the main

arterial road inside Aliya Bet.

Table 8.1: Broad Cost Estimation for Road Augmentation for Aliya Bet

ROADS Length

in Km

Unit Cost/Km

Rs. in Crores

Total Cost

Rs. in Crores

Development

Agency

Main Roads

Aliya Bet to SH 6 Widening and strengthening of existing kaccha single lane road to a four lane road (inclusive of the retaining embankment, and drainage channels)

12.54 7 87.78

State Government

Aliya Bet to SH 6 Widening and strengthening of existing single lane MDR to a four lane MDR road

3.3 6 20

State Government

State highway

SH 6 loop stretch connecting to NH 8 Widening of existing two lane road to four lane road

38.25 7 267.75 State Government

Other Roads

Internal roads connecting zones Construction on two lane roads 20.41 6 122.46

Aliya Bet Development. Authority

Total 74.5 498

In order to make developed land available to investors and buyers in Aliya Bet, some amount of land

filling will be needed. The broad cost estimation for the land filling required for Entertainment Zone

has been calculated below in Table 8.2. The unit costs taken into consideration are based on actual

estimation from local contractors and GIDC engineers. On the basis of the preliminary reconnaissance

survey and contour plan, an average filling depth of 1.75 meters has been considered for the area of

36.25 sq km. The total cost for filling of the above land area is estimated to Rs 1594 Crores.

The cost for the construction of guide wall along the Narmada Coastline for the entertainment zone is

estimated to Rs 8.45 Crores (Refer Table 8.2). Guide walls are locally used retaining wall technology.

The costs taken for above calculations are inclusive of PVC coated G.I. wire mesh gabion 2.7/3.7 wire

diameter, woven or non-woven geo-textile filter, supplying of rubble and labour charges.



Table 8.2: Broad Cost Estimation for Land development of Entertainment Zone

LAND

Area in

cu. m.

Cost

in Rs./cu.

m.

Total Cost

Rs in Crores

Development Agency

Land Filling area for entertainment zone (average filling of 1.75 meters for an area of 36.25 sq km)

63437500 250 1585.93

Aliya Bet Development Authority

Length in km Cost/Km

in Rs.

Total Cost

Rs. in Crores

Development Agency

Guide wall with Gabion membrane and Geo-textile filter.

13 65,00000 8.45

Aliya Bet Development Authority

Total Cost 1594

8.1 Broad Cost Estimates for development of Entertainment Zone

The total cost for the land development of entertainment zone is summarised in Table 8.3 below. This

includes the proposed augmentation costs of the entire approach route to Aliya Bet. The estimated cost

of land in the entertainment zone is estimated to Rs 57.71 Crores / sq km (Rs 577 per sq mt, Rs 0.057

Crores per acre).

Table 8.3: Summarised Cost Estimate for Entertainment Zone

Development Length/Area Total Cost

Rs in Crores

Augmentation of Roads 75.5 Km 498

Filling of Land and Guide wall construction.

36.25 sq km 1594

TOTAL 2092



9 Conclusion and Recommendations

9.1 Conclusion

The study has comprehensively analysed the existing condition of Aliya Bet with respect to land use

characteristics, soil conditions, environment, connectivity, infrastructure and utilities. The proposed

zoning plan has been prepared on the basis of detailed analyses of the existing situation, market

assessments, consultation with various stakeholders, international and national case studies and visits

to similar projects in India. A suggestive model for infrastructure development for the proposed

development has also been developed after analysing the existing situation. Broad cost estimates for

the basic road and land development required for the entertainment zone has also been estimated. The

overall conclusions of the feasibility study are summarised below:

Site Analysis: From a prima facie site analysis we understand that in order to make the site usable

some amount of filling is necessary. It is understood from the preliminary reconnaissance survey and

discussions with GMB that the sand required for the filling can be available from close vicinity. The

cost estimation for the total amount of filling required is done on the basis that the dredging would be

done from the immediate low lying areas along the delineated site. Therefore, if any sand is required

to be transported from greater distances for the filling during the actual implementation of the project,

relevant cost escalation will have to be considered.

Soil Investigation: The soil of Aliya Bet is mostly composed of silt-clay and black sand. The water

table is at a depth of 3-5 meters. The safe bearing capacity of the soil has been calculated for various

sizes of shallow foundations, raft foundations and pile foundation. According to the field resistivity

test, stiff clay is available at a depth of around 15-34 meters. Therefore, it is desirable that pile

foundation is used for any heavy load structures.

Coastal Regulations: From the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) point of view, most part of the land is

within the Low Tide Level and High Tide Level (HTL), which brings it under the CRZ. Technically, it

may fall in CRZ 1 due to presence of mangroves. However, currently Aliya Bet does not fall in CRZ 1

as the ecologically sensitive areas list for Gujarat is still in the process of preparation. Similar

conditions will apply for Aliya Bet with the proposed Costal Management Zone (CMZ) regulations.

However due to the following reasons, Aliya Bet can be declared as and ‘Area of Particular Concern’

(APC) under proposed CMZ II and developed in a sustainable manner.

• Absence of any substantial vegetation (except for a small patch of mangroves on the southern

edge) due to salinity in the soil.

• Close vicinity of an economically important area like PCPIR at Dahej.

• Nearness of intense industrial towns like Ankleshwar and Bharuch.

According to MoEF, Gandhinagar, the possibility of getting an approval for the proposed plan is more

under the proposed CMZ regulations rather than the CRZ development guidelines.



Environmental Issues: From the environmental point of view, it is desirable that all the drainage

channels of the site are sensitively taken into consideration during the construction of roads, retaining

walls and development of each zone. This would help in maintaining the natural drainage pattern of

the land and avoid flooding during the monsoon. Similarly, it is desirable that the edges are protected

by integrating the softer areas of development activities around them. On the same lines, the southern

and the western edges of Aliya Bet have been proposed as forest zone (forest area is proposed to be

relocated from the central part of Aliya Bet) in order to protect the mangroves and creeks along these

edges. All these initiatives would help in protecting the ecologically sensitive areas of Aliya Bet. This

would in turn help in getting approvals from the proposed Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Authority (under proposed CZM notification).

Potential Sectors of Development: A SWOT analysis for different sectors as possible developments

on Aliya Bet has been done. Sectors like: Petrochemical industries, Film City and Holiday Resorts, IT

related industries, Entertainment Zones and Amusement Parks, aquaculture, marine engineering

industries, eco tourism, Casino Resorts and Hotels, Integrated Sports Complex and Auto Racing

Circuit, Golf Course and Leisure Resorts, water sports and recreation have been considered.

From the above analysis, it can be said that Aliya Bet can be developed into four zones: Entertainment

zone (36.25 sq km), Forest zone (46.54 sq km), Entertainment and Eco Development zone (23.54 sq

km) and Aquaculture zone (62.24 sq km). However, the existing forest land will have to be relocated

within the site.

The approximate investment required for developing the entertainment zone with film city, golf course

and resorts, amusement park and eco zone is estimated to Rs 52940 Crores with a total employment

generation of 33050 persons.

Conceptual Zoning: Taking into consideration the topography of the land, it is also desirable that the

construction intensive activities should be located on the eastern side of the main road of Aliya Bet.

From a prima facie study, it can also be said that there is availability of utilities like water, power and

gas in the adjacent region. An Airstrip is also proposed for Aliya Bet. However relevant studies will

have to be carried out to decide the exact placement on the site

However, after detailed estimation of utility requirement for each zone, the existing network of water

supply, power supply and gas line will have to be upgraded. It is also proposed that the development

policy of the zones should specify use of solar energy and sustainable waste management in each

zone. On a prima Facie discussion with the engineers, it would be possible to speed up the process for

the augmentation and provision of necessary utilities as the area is proposed to be approved under

rapid SIR approval process.

The existing habitants on Aliya Bet (427 persons/101 families) should be resettled and rehabilitated

with a sustainable process within the proposed development of Aliya Bet

Basic Land Development Cost: Currently considerable part of the land of Aliya Bet receives high

tide water at least once every 15 days. On a prima facie basis, it can be said that land filling of an

approximate depth ranging between 1- 3 meters (The depth of filling required is estimated on the basis

of the fact that the central existing road is always above water. This has been confirmed by various

sources) would be required in order to make the land usable and viable for development activities.

Moreover, augmentation of the approach road to Aliya Bet will also be needed.



In order to get a basic idea of the primary costs involved, the approximate cost required for the main

approach road starting from NH8 and land filling of the entertainment zone admeasuring 36.25 sq km

has been calculated. This cost is estimated to Rs 57.71 Crores / sq km. The estimated cost can be said

to be moderate in the Indian context when compared to the land reclamation costs of other

internationally known island development projects like:

• Jurong Island, Singapore: The cost incurred for land reclamation for an area of 22 sq km over

the sea was approximately Rs 1000 Crores per sq km in 2003. The sand used in this case was

mined from offshore of Riau Province, Indonesia, Malaysia and the South China Sea. The

depth of sand filling was between 1- 20 meters.

• Palm Jumeirah, Dubai: It is an artificial island involving a sand filling of almost 14 meters

depth. The costs required for reclamation of 25 sq. km. had been around Rs 2460 Crores per

sq km in 2001.

From the snapshot feasibility study it can be concluded that the existing land of Aliya Bet can be

developed for marine industries, aquaculture activities, entertainment facilities and eco-tourism.

However an approximate cost of Rs 57.71 Crores per sq km (Rs 577 per sq mt) will be needed for land

filling and for augmentation of the approach route to Aliya Bet from NH8. Moreover, Aliya Bet has

some unique location specific advantages like:

• Land is uninhabited, hence development can be taken up at the earliest thereby reducing the

relocation issues

• Presence of Gulf of Khambhat along the western edge for water cruise and water sports

related activities. Provision of alcoholic drinks would not be a restriction on offshore cruise

since Gujarat is otherwise declared as a Dry State.

• Narmada River to the north provides a riverfront to the site.

• When the existing mangroves are further developed along with the relocated forest area, it

will provide a natural habitat for the migratory birds towards the southern edge of Aliya Bet.

• The western side of the central road provides a suitable land for aquaculture purpose as both

saline water and river water are available in close vicinity.

9.2 Recommendations

As summarised in section 9.1, a prima facie feasibility study of Aliya Bet shows that development of

certain activities can be taken up on Aliya Bet exploiting its unique characteristics. It is recommended

that the following activities be taken up in order to initiate development of Aliya Bet:

1. Approval under CMZ/CRZ & SIR:

� It is recommended that the proposed development for Aliya Bet is approved under

proposed CMZ rather than the existing CRZ guidelines.



� Aliya Bet will have to be declared as an Area of Particular Concern (due to close vicinity

of PCPIR) under proposed CMZ II regulation and notified as a Special Investment Region

(SIR) under the proposed Gujarat Investment Region Ordinance, 2008. Subsequently a

Development Authority should be formed to develop Aliya Bet. It can further also form an

SPV for the management of the proposed developments on Aliya Bet. The developments

on Aliya Bet would also have to be approved by the proposed Integrated Costal Zone

Management Authority (ICZMA) of Gujarat State, since it is falling in the CRZ. In case

the Proposed Gujarat Investment Region ordinance is not formalised, Aliya Bet will have

to be notified under the existing Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act,

1976. In case the draft CMZ regulation is not formalised, Aliya Bet will have to be

developed as a SIR.

� Notify the proposal of development of Aliya Bet as a fast track SIR due to the following

reasons:

1. There will not be any displacement of population

2. The land is barren

3. The land is a designated waste land of Vagra Taluka

4. Faster development of infrastructure and utilities as no land acquisition issue

� Proper monitoring of development of activities on Aliya Bet by the concerned authority.

2. Development of Forest Area: It is recommended to initiate development of the proposed forest

area with private participation by allowing certain commercial activities in the forest area( like proving

loghuts for stay, forest safari, developing area for migratory birds thereby getting bird-watchers, Bird

Sanctuary etc) along with the other zones.

3. Detailed feasibility studies, Master Plans and Impact assessments for each identified zone:

Augmentation of utilities like water, power and gas supply networks can be initiated after detailed

estimation of the requirements for each zone. Similarly augmentation of the approach road can also be

initiated after an engineering survey. Broad costs incurred, investment required, employment

generated for the proposed entertainment zone have been estimated.

� Detailed cost benefit analysis of the proposal should be taken up.

� Comprehensive impact assessment studies of all developments need to be taken up.

� Detailed relevant marine & coastal engineering studies along with an integrated Drainage

Plan for all proposed zones taking into consideration the existing (natural) creek network.

4. Augmentation/ Upgradation of Infrastructure: The utility and infrastructure augmentation

should be taken up by relevant Departments after detailed studies.



Appendix A Contact List



Appendix B Contour Map



Appendix C Land Map



Appendix D Existing Land Use Map



Appendix E 7/12 Extract



Appendix F Existing Infrastructure Map



Appendix G Environmentally sensitive Areas Map



Appendix H Marine Ecology Details: NIO, Mumbai



Appendix I Published Paper on Geology, M S University, Vadodara



Appendix J Soil Investigation Report



Appendix K CMZ Draft Notification



Appendix L Liquor Prohibition Policy Pink Paper, Ambrosia, Sep. 06, Dec. 06



Appendix M Conceptual Zoning Map



Appendix N Conceptual Sub Zoning Map



Appendix O Proposed Infrastructure Map

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