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Aliyah to Palestine1882-1939

Jewish Population in Yishuv1799: Total population = 250,000-300,0001882: 450,000 inhabitants; 24,000 were JewsIn four Holy Cities: Jerusalem, Tiberius, Safed, & Hebron;Couple hundred jews in each of Haifa, Jaffa, Akko, and Aza (Gaza)About 110 Jews in Pekiin, Shafram1918: Jewish population = 56,000 out of 70,000In 1925: 108,000 Jews

YearPopulationJewish Land Ownership (Cumulative)Arab PalestiniansJewish PalestiniansDunums%Numbers%Numbers%1880 300,00094%24,0006%N.A.N.A.1917 Balfour Declaration 504,00090%56,00010%650,000 3%1922 666,00089%84,00011%751,1923%1931850, 00083%174,09617%1,171,5294%1936 916,06172%384,07828%1,380,5785%1945/46 1,242,00069%608,00031%1,588,3656%1947 UN Partition 1,300,00067%640,29833%1,900,0007%Jewish Land Ownership and Population Distribution in Palestine (1880-1947)(In 1880: Total Jewish Population in the world = 1.5 millionNationalismSELF-DETERMINED IDEASCOMMON LANGUAGEWHAT IS A NATION ?COMMON RELIGIONCOMMON HISTORYPOLITICAL ENTITYNOT A STATENationhoodFrance becomes a republic18291839Belgium becomes independentItaly becomes a nation1850Greece becomes a nation1848Germany reunites1870WHERE DID THAT LEAVE THE JEWS?PREJUDICEJUSTIFICATIONRETALIATIONLOGICALRATIONALCONCIOUSTHE CRIME IS BEING JEWISHTHERE IS NO SOLUTIONNO ALTERNATIVENO REDEMPTIONONCE A JEW, ALWAYS A JEWJEWISH RACENOT INDIVIDUAL JEWVIOLENCE TOWARDS JEW SAME AS VIOLENCE TOWARDS OTHER RELIGIONS AND NATIONALITIESANTI-SEMITISMWHY COME?ANTI-SEMITISMPOGROMS IN UKRAINEDREYFUSJEWS AS SCAPEGOATSNATIONALISM WAVEASSASSINATION OF CZARPALESTINEAMERIKASUPPORT ZIONISM AND SOCIALIST IDEASWE HAVE NO PLACE TO CALL HOMEWE WILL NEVER BE FULLY ACCEPTEDHomeland dreamingto 1840State defining1840s - presentState seeking1760s - 1920sState making1880s - 1948State keeping1948 - presentACQUISITION OF LAND MEANT FREEDOMWhat would it be like to have a homeland of our own?How do you make a state?How do you move people?How do you create settlements and create economies?TERRITORIALISMCULTURALPRACTICALRELIGIOUSGENERALREVISIONISTPOLITICALSOCIALISTZIONISMZIONISM MOST IMPORTANTCENTRISTSPIRITUAL CENTERSLOW ASSIMILATIONRAISE JEWISH NATIONAL CONCIOUNESSPRESENCE IN THE LANDTORAHBASEDMANUAL LABORMILITANT, VIOLENCEDIPLOMATIC RECOGNITIONNOT JUST PALESTINEANYWHEREKIBBUTZNON-IDEOLOGICAL

NEW JEWOLD JEWDifficultiesClimateHardiness Physical ConditionWorkability of the LandSwampsMosquitos, Locusts WATER, WATER, WATER!!!!!Language

First Aliyah1882-1903These young Jews came from Eastern Europe. They dreamed of working on the land though they had not been farmers.. They struggled with swamps. They fought mosquitoes that carried disease. They dealt with unfriendly Arab neighbors. Many died or went back home. Baron de Rothschild 35,000 leave

Baron de Rothschild in Zichron Yaacov

1882

1860-1904 Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), 1896 Alteneuland (The Old New Land), 1902 The Dreyfus Affair, 1894

Lilien, Moses (Freedom)

LIlien, Moses on mount Sinai, illustration in Books of the Bible

Second Aliyah1904-1914These Jews from Eastern Europe were more prepared than the first group. They started the Kibbutz movement. They began building the city of Tel Aviv. This Aliya created a group of armed watchmen called Hashomer (The Guard) to protect their settlements. 40,000 from Russia found Degania and Tel Aviv; leave

1908

1917Balfour DeclarationBritain promises the Jews a homelandThey also promise the Arabs their own nation if they help to beat the OttomansBritain gets involved as a means of protecting the Suez CanalThird Aliyah1919-1923These Jews came from Russia and Poland. They wanted to work their land. They wanted to be friendly neighbors, too. The Arabs were unhappy that more and more Jews were coming. They attacked the Jewish homes and towns. To defend themselves, the Jewish settlers started a military group. It was called the Haganah30,000 90,000 from Eastern Europe few leave

1923 United Jewish Appeal PosterFourth Aliyah1924-1929These olim came to the land to get away from anti-Semetism in Eastern Europe. Anti-Semitism is hatred of Jews. Most of the olim settled in bigger citites. They helped people from preschool through college age go to school. In 1925, they began the Hebrew University on Mount Scopus in Jerusalem.82,000 from Poland and Hungary. 23,000 leave

1923 United Jewish Appeal Poster

1925Fifth Aliyah1929-1939These Jews arrived in Palestine when Hitler rose to power in Germany. This was the largest of all the Aliyot. Aliyot means more than one aliyah. Not all of the European Jews were lucky enough to come though. The British were in charge of Palestine at the time. They only let a small number of people come in. Many people who stayed in Europe died in the Holocaust. 250,000 from Germany and Eastern Europe. Population reaches 450,000 by 1940

Tzena, tzena, tzena, tzena ha-banot u-rena ayalim ba-moshavaAl na, Al na, Al na, Al na, al na titabena Mi ben ayil, ish tzava

Go out, go out, go out girls and see soldiers in the moshava (farming community).Do not, do not, do not hide yourself away from a virtuous man [a pun on the word for "soldier"], an army man.

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1936 United Israel Appeal Poster2/3 of the land was purchased by 1939

1946 United Israel Appeal Poster