smoking; from the national to the international• 3.the global movement and the framework...

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Smoking; from the national to the international Virginia Berridge Centre for History in Public Health LSHTM, University of London www.lshtm.ac.uk/history

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Page 1: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Smoking; from the national to  the international

Virginia BerridgeCentre for History in Public HealthLSHTM, University of Londonwww.lshtm.ac.uk/history

Page 2: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Outline of the paper

• 1.Smoking and the redefinition of public  health in the UK in the 1950s and 60s

• 2.Widening the compass: international  networks,1950s‐80s and after

• 3.The global movement and the Framework  Convention

• 4.International control of other substances

Page 3: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition
Page 4: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

1.Smoking and the redefinition of  public health in the UK

• Doll/Hill and  significance

• Epidemiology, relative  risk and the 

reorientation of social  medicine

Page 5: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Redefining public health: early  networks

• The role of the CMO

• Networks outside‐ epidemiology, clinical 

medicine

• First RCP report

RCP report 1962

Page 6: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Policy initiatives

• 1960s/70s: harm  reduction

• 1970s: the rise of  activism‐ASH

• 1980s;environment and  individual. Passive 

smoking and the rupture  with industry

• 1990s addiction and a  medicalised public health

Saatchi and Saatchi ad 1970s

Page 7: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

2.Widening the compass: international  networks 1950s‐80s

• Early internationalism;  US/UK

• World conferences: role  of Godber

• Reorientation of older  organisations IUATLD

• Personalities and  movement

• Cross national examples‐ Australia

George Godber

Page 8: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Widening the compass: 1980s and  1990s

• New international  networks‐IATH

• Role of Europe• WHO starts to get 

involved‐Mahler ‐but  the process stalls

• Personalities and  research networks: 

health economics Halfdan Mahler

Page 9: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

3.The Global movement and the  Framework Convention

• Pressure from without  :US and the role of law

• World conferences and  networks: a head of 

steam from outside

• The role of Bruntland at  WHO

Gro Harlem Bruntland

Page 10: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

The global movement and the  framework convention (2)

• Networks in the UN  system and the World 

Bank• European and non 

European regions• NGO coalitions• The role of industry• Tobacco archives• Networks since the 

FCTCTobacco archives Guildford

Page 11: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

4.Control of other substances: drugs

• International moral  networks

• Trade interests and US  pressure

• Role of the  pharmaceutical industry

• Personality• Impact of war‐a universal 

system under the League  of Nations

• Recent revised role of  NGOs

Page 12: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Control of other substances: alcohol

• Late nineteenth  century: regional  control

• Now‐WHO strategy ;  Euro action plan

• Tobacco as a model for  other substances

Page 13: Smoking; from the national to the international• 3.The global movement and the Framework Convention • 4.International control of other substances. 1.Smoking and the redefinition

Conclusions

• Role of  key personalities• Role of networks‐moral entrepreneurs 

• Science‐from epidemiology to health  economics

• Pan country spread;regional

networks,  pressure from without

• Role of international organisations• Path and time dependency