Smoking

Basic lung structureTobacco smokeDiseasesWays to quit

Lung structure

Functions of lung components

Trachea - takes air from nose and mouth down to bronchi

Bronchi – Take air to smaller bronchioles

Bronchioles – smaller tubes that branch more and more to take air to alveoli

Alveoli – air sacs with thin walls made of single cells, allows diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen quickly

Function of ciliated epithelium in trachea and bronchi

Cilia move mucus and trapped dirt and bacteria out of tubes up towards throat

Goblet cells make mucus which traps dirt and bacteria

Mucus and cilia help to keep the airways clear of dirt and bacteria preventing infections

The Dangers of SmokingThe Dangers of SmokingWhat does smoking do to ourWhat does smoking do to our

bodies?bodies?

Hydrogen cyanide

Carbon monoxide

Tar

Nicotine

Carcinogens

Click through to see what’s inside a cigarette

And something you’ll never get from a cigarette…

Cigarette smoke contains many toxic compounds

TARThis black sticky substance contains thousands of chemicals, some of which are cancer causing (carcinogenic)

Carbon monoxideThe haemoglobin in your red blood cells will pick up carbon monoxide rather than oxygen. This reduces the amount of oxygen carried to the cells in your body. It certainly causes many problems - especially for a developing baby if the mother smokes.

NicotineNicotine is an addictive drug that acts directly on the brain. It is the reason smokers find it difficult to give up. It raises the heart rate and blood pressure which can lead to other health problems.It also make blood cells sticky and can lead to blood clots that can cause strokes and heart attacks

Hydrogen cyanideThis is a poisonous gas that is often used to execute prisoners in the USA! And smokers breathe it in with every drag on a cigarette. It damages cells in the lungs.

Smoking related diseases

Cancers caused by the carcinogens in cigarette smoke

Emphysema- when the alveoli walls break down and gas exchange is reduced

Bronchitis – inflammation and infections that occur when mucus accumulates because the cilia stop working

Lung cancer and tumour

Outside lung Inside lung

tumour

Emphysema destruction of the air sacs (alveoli) for gas exchange leads

to extreme shortage of breath on exercising

Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi – heavy coughing, thick

mucus, difficulty breathing

Carbon monoxide

Can cause babies to have a low birth weight if mother smokes during pregnancy

Due to less oxygen reaching the growing foetus

Babies birth weights against number of cigarettes smoked

Methods to quit

Hypnotherapy Acupuncture Nicotine patches Habit change Will power

What are you giving up if you carry on smoking?

The opportunity to spend all that money on something else.

Music, i-pod, i-phone, sports equipment Clothes Holidays Car Or anything else you might set your heart on!

Only five a day from age 14 to age 30 or £7,300

Smoke 15 a day for 20 years or £35,000

(but you probably won’t survive long enough anyway if you smoke that many!)

Ten years smoking 25 a day or £23,000

50 a day for 35 years or £160,000

And something you’ll never get from smoking…

Effects of cigarette smoke components on the body

substance Effect on the body

Tar Accumulates in airways DOES NOT go into bloodstreamParalyses ciliaStimulates goblet cells to make more mucusCauses chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Carcinogens Cause mutations to cells in bronchi walls leading to formation of tumours

Carbon monoxide

Absorbed into the blood streamCombines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobinReduces oxygen carried by the red blood cells

nicotine Absorbed into the blood streamIncreases heart rateMakes platelets more sticky, increases chance of clots formingMakes small arteries constrict