smartphone effects on mental health...• reduce symptoms of anxiety* 3 ... daily basis, reside in...

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Smartphone Effects on Mental Health

Steven Stoner, Pharm.D., BCPPChair of Pharmacy and Administration

Clinical ProfessorUMKC School of Pharmacy

Kansas City, Missouri

November 2018 MRC2.CORP.D.00389


Today’s Speaker

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Steven Stoner, Pharm.D., BCPPUniversity of Missouri- Kansas City (UMKC) School of PharmacyDr. Stoner is the Chair of Pharmacy and Administration and a Clinical Professor at the UMKC School of Pharmacy. He received his Doctor of Pharmacy degree from the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy. Dr. Stoner completed a post-doctoral residency in psychiatric Pharmacy Practice & Administration and a fellowship at Western Missouri Mental Health Center in Kansas City, Missouri.

This program is paid for by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &

Commercialization, Inc.

Speakers are paid consultants for Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.



The January 2018 Core Trends Survey from the Pew Research Center surveyed 2,002 adults aged 18 or older nationwide with access to a landline or cell phone and found that2:

Technology Use in the United States

Declining cost and increasing computational power of devices such as smartphones has created a revolution in personal communications1

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1. Khan MN, et al. Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2015;1(4):226-231.2. Pew Research Center. January 2018 Core Trends Survey Topline Results.

http://www.pewinternet.org/dataset/jan-3-10-2018-core-trends-survey/. Accessed August 30, 2018.

3. Rotondi V, et al. J Econ Psych. 2017;63:17-26.

The smartphone has changed the way we access information, allocate time, and interact with others, which has important behavioral and social implications3


Smartphones: What Can They Do For You?

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Communication• Text messaging, calls,

video chats, and apps that allow people to instantly communicate

Integrated functionality• Functions of multiple

devices integrated into one pocket-sized microcomputer

Organization• Store contacts, pictures, videos,

music, documents, etc.• Keep track of appointments

Work-on-the-go• Access to PDFs and work

documents• Productivity software

Education and Entertainment• Access to videos, educational

applications, and information on the internet

• Games, music, movies, books

Endless applications• Smartphone sensors and

programmability have made applications limitless

• Apps targeted at productivity, entertainment, health and fitness, education, media, creativity, shopping, and more

Information at your fingertips• GPS navigation• Internet web browsing

Privacy• Password protection,

fingerprint readers, private messaging, secure online transactions

Connection and Interaction• The ability to connect to and

virtually interact with others via social media/networking

Real-time accessibility• 24/7 access, virtually

anywhere you areGPS, global positioning system; PDF, portable document format.


A systematic review of randomized controlled trials reported that use of mHealth apps can have a positive impact on health and wellness, impacting health-related behaviors such as1:

Physical activity

Adherence to medication or therapy

Knowledge enhancement related to clinical procedures

Diet change

Potential Smartphone-mediated Positive Effects on Health

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A systematic review of studies of pain management apps reported that, in most studies, severity of pain decreased in patients using an app, compared to those who didn’t2

1. Han M, Lee E. Healthc Inform Res. 2018 Jul;24(3):207-226.2. Thurnheer SE, et al. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Oct 22;6(10):e11231.

3. Firth J, et al. J Affect Disord. 2017;218:15-22.4. Firth J, et al. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(3):287-298.

Meta-analyses have reported that smartphone mental health interventions can:

• Reduce symptoms of anxiety*3

• Reduce symptoms of depression†4

*In sub-clinical or diagnosed anxiety disorders; †Majority of studies conducted in non-clinical populations.mHealth, mobile health.


Smartphones and the “Always On” Effect

Some researchers have suggested that the combined effects of smartphone and social media use may negatively affect well-being, especially in younger people3

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*Surveyed 2,000 US-based consumers. US, United States.1. Deloitte. 2018 Global Mobile Consumer Survey: US Edition. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/technology-media-and-

telecommunications/articles/global-mobile-consumer-survey-us-edition.html. Accessed November 2018.2. Statista. Mobile audience reach of leading smartphone apps in the United States as of September 2018.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/281605/reach-of-leading-us-smartphone-apps/. Accessed November 2018.3. Cain J. Am J Pharm Ed. 2018;82(7):738-741.

Smartphones serve as a hub for monitoring and controlling a wide variety of actions and devices, but constant connectedness blurs the lines between personal and work time and makes disengagement more difficult1

According to the US Edition of Deloitte’s 2018 Global Mobile Consumer Survey*1:

The most popular types of smartphone apps, used on a daily basis, reside in the social media/network and communication category2


A study of mobile phone addiction across generations X and Y* in a sample of 273 adults found that dependence was predicted by stress, calls/day, time on the phone, and using social media4

• The data indicated that risk for dependence could exist at any age

A study assessing college students reported that depression, anxiety, and daytime dysfunction were significantly higher in a high smartphone use group vs a low use group3

Bedtime mobile phone use has been reported to be negatively related to sleep outcomes in adults1

• Phone use after lights out led to delays in falling asleep, more sleep disturbance, and more daytime dysfunction

Similarly, in adolescents2: • Electronic media use correlated with ↓ sleep duration and ↑ sleep difficulties • These, in turn, were related to depressive symptoms

The Potential for Negative Impact of Smartphones on Mental Health

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1. Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. Soc Sci Med. 2016;148:93-101.2. Lemola S, et al. J Youth Adolesc. 2015;44(2):405-18.

3. Demirci K, et al. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85-92.4. Kuss DJ, et al. J Technol Behav Sci. 2018;3(3):141-149.

*Generation X (born until the early 1980s) and Generation Y (born in the mid-80s and later).

For more information on this topic, please stay tuned to www.PsychU.org/events for a future virtual forum by Dr. Stoner coming in 2019.

www.psychu.org


© 2018 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, MD November 2018 MRC2.CORP.D.00389

smartphone effects on mental health...• reduce symptoms of anxiety* 3 ... daily basis, reside in...

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