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RESIDE: THE RESIDENTIAL

ENVIRONMENTS PROJECT

Professor Fiona Bull, MBE

On behalf of the RESIDE Project Team

Centre for the Built Environment and Health

Planning Institute of Australia LN Forum, Oct 27 2015.

Overview

• Brief introduction to Project RESIDE

• 4 research questions

• Summarise the key findings

• Showcase some specific results

• Recommendations for 2015 LN policy

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RESIDE Study Design

• Longitudinal study – households surveyed 4 times

T2 = 1yr after moving (n=1466)

T3 = 3yrs after moving (n=1229)

T4 = 7yrs after moving (n=565)

T1 = before moving into new home (n=1813)

RESIDE Measures

Destinations (Yellow Pages) Public Open Space

Legend

ALL_POS_MERGED

POS_Type_CLASS

Club or Pay Facilities

Degraded or Cleared Land

Natural or Conservation Area

Park

School Grounds

School Grounds Accessible

School Grounds Private

Cycle Paths

Legend

Cycling

PBN Routes

Shared Path

Public Transport Footpaths Crime

• Measures of the built environment were created using GIS

• Measures of health and well being were collected by survey

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Measures of LN implementation

URBAN

STRUCTURE

MOVEMENT

NETWORK

LOT LAYOUT

PUBLIC

PARKLAND

TOTAL COMPLIANCE = ALL ELEMENTS COMBINED

RESIDE

Developments

n = 73

Developments were

Identified and recruited

in 2003/4

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4 Key Research Questions

1. How much of the LN policy was implemented on the

ground?

2. Does the amount of LN implementation affect health

outcomes?

3. How do the design requirements within each LN

element impact on different health outcomes?

4. What combinations of built environment features have

the greatest impact on health?

Q1. How much of the LN policy was

implemented on the ground?

0% 47% 30% 56% Overall implementation

100%

0% 48% 37% 59%

Movement network

100%

58% 19% 88% 100% 0%

Lot layout

0% 46% 5% 69%

Public parkland 100%

29% 0% 67%

Urban structure / Activity centres

100%

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• LN standard is a pedshed score of ≥0.6

• pedshed is a measure of connectivity in a 2km catchment

• 238 primary schools across Perth (Project TREK)

• 49% of schools met LN

recommendations of Pedshed

score ≥ 0.6

Pedshed = the ratio of the area of land accessible along the pedestrian network from the school to the maximum possible area within a Euclidean (‘as the crow flies’) distance

Q1. How much of the LN policy was

implemented on the ground?

2km

Q2. Does the amount of policy implementation

affect health outcomes?

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For every 10% increase in compliance

Walking Safety from

Crime Mental Health

Overall LN policy 53% 40% 14%

Movement Network 250% 50% non-sig.

Community Design 27% non-sig. 28%

Lot Layout 26% 16% non-sig.

Public Open Space 350% 22% non-sig.

Q3. How do the design features from each LN element

impact on different health outcomes?

• A look at some RESIDE results in more detail…..

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Movement Network

• More connected streets

= walking 12%

= cycling 20%

• Smaller street block perimeters (≤620m)

= 3 more likely to meet Australian physical activity guidelines

• More footpaths

= 3 more likely to walk >60mins

Urban Structure

• Greater destination diversity

= walking 36%

• Big box centre <1.6km

= walking 3 more likely

BUT • Main-street centre

<1.6km

= walking 5 more likely

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Lot Layout

• Moved to area with increased density

= cycling 54%

• Streets designed for

passive surveillance

= 60% less likely to

have incidents of disorder

Public Parkland

• Moved to area with more parks

= 18mins walking per week

• Access to larger park and more amenities

= walking 38%

• At least 1 ‘high quality’ park in neighbourhood

= 2 better mental health

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Q4. What combinations of built environment features

have the greatest impact on health?

Q4. What combinations of built environment features

have the greatest impact on health?

RESIDE Walkability Index (WI)

A combined measure of: Movement network

Residential density

Urban structure

Highly walkable neighbourhoods have: higher levels of street connectivity,

higher residential density, and

higher mix of land uses.

2x more likely to walk

for transport in highly ‘walkable

neighbourhoods’

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Q4. What combinations of built environment features

have the greatest impact on health?

1 2 3 4 “Disconnected” “Connected & Compact” “Green havens” “Liveable”

Poorest

implementation of all

elements

Best MN + LL

implementation

Best PP + good MN

implementation

Best US + good MN &

LL implementation

Total

Walking

Transport

Walking

What are the key requirements for a healthy liveable neighbourhood?

① Movement Network 1) connected node ratio ✔*

2) % street blocks ≤620m perimeter ✔

3) % cul-de-sacs ≤120m in length ✔

4) % cul-de-sacs with a linking route ✔

5) % road network with footpaths ✔*

6) % footpath shaded by tree canopy ✔**

② Urban Structure 7) % dwellings ≤1.6km of a centre ✔**

8) Main-street centres ✔

9) diversity of destinations ✔*

③ Lot Layout 10) mix of lot sizes / dwelling types ✔*

11) % of small lots (≤350m2) ✔

④ Public Parkland 12) % of dwellings ≤400m of any park ✔

12 requirements that matter 4 Key Elements Are they in

2015 LN?

* metric not stated; ** different metric

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5 Take Home Messages

1. RESIDE provides strong evidence that communities built in accordance with the principles of LN policy will promote the health and well-being of residents.

2. Walking and health can be increased by getting design right. For every 10% increase in LN compliance likelihood of walking increased by >50%

3. Combining a well connected movement network with diverse density, good access to retail, community amenities and quality public parks, enhances ‘liveability’ and can double likelihood of walking

5 Take Home Messages

4. Policy is only as good as its implementation.

RESIDE results show a substantial short fall in ‘on-ground’

implementation of the LN policy*

5. Barriers to implementation must be addressed through a

combination of strategies including:

clarity of LN policy requirements;

clear metrics;

more rigorous enforcement through planning approval processes;

professional development and LN training; and

ongoing monitoring & evaluation of LN implementation

* As measured in 2009

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RESIDE report & publication list is available at: www.see.uwa.edu.au/research/cbeh

RESIDE summary report now available

What’s next for CBEH?

• Extending ‘walkability’ to ‘Liveability’

• A focus on Urban Green Infrastructure - measures /

benefits / total value

• Continue work on WA LN Policy - evaluation

• Providing data and evidence you can use!

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Thank you

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Current RESIDE Team:

Prof Fiona Bull

Prof Billie Giles-Corti

Prof Matthew Knuiman

Dr Paula Hooper

Dr Sarah Foster

Dr Hayley Christian

Dr Lisa Wood

Dr Anna Timperio

Previous Investigators:

Dr Kimberly Van Niel

Mr Trevor Shilton

Mr Max Bulsara

Dr Terri Pikora

Current and former students:

Ms Hayley Cutt (PhD - APAI)

Ms Sarah Foster (PhD - APAI)

Mr Ryan Falconer (PhD - APAI)

Ms Jacinta Francis (PhD - Healthway)

Ms Paula Hooper (IPA, Endeavour Award)

Mr Vincent Learnihan (Masters)

Collaborators and industry partners:

Mr Evan Jones & Mr Emmerson Richardson

Robina Crook (PIA Policy team and Vice

President)

Department of Planning

National Heart Foundation

Petcare Information Advisory Service

CBEH Advisory Board:

Mr Evan Jones (Chair)

Mr Warren Kerr OA

Ms Margie Tannock

Ms Kerry Fijac

Mr Trevor Shilton

Mr Ben Harvey

Mr Emmerson Richardson

Ms Jenelle Provost

Mr Charles Johnson

Ms Wendy Morris (Vic)

Dr James Sallis (USA)

If you are interested in accessing a list of the RESIDE Study scientific publications visit http://www.see.uwa.edu.au/research/cbeh