smartdata webinar: commercial cognitive computing -- how to choose and build your first cognitive...

Commercial Cognitive ComputingHow to choose and build your first cognitive computing application

Adrian Bowles, PhDFounder, STORM Insights, Inc.

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Commercial Cognitive ComputingHow to choose and build your first cognitive computing application

Webinar topics Fundamentals of cognitive computing The cognitive computing ecosystem First steps

I. Fundamentals of Cognitive Computing

Copyright (c) 2015 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights reserved.

Cognitive computing is a problem-solving approach that uses hardware or software to approximate the form or function of natural cognitive processes.


Natural Cognitive Processes

LearningPerception

Motivation


Start with nature…

Learning is the sine qua non, or essential condition of cognitive computing.


PerceptionMotivation

reflectioninferencededuction

Learning


reasoning

Three key approaches to machine learning...


PerceptionMotivation

reinforcement

Learning


unsupervisedsupervised

Three key approaches to


reinforcement

MachineLearning


unsupervised

supervised The system is taught to detect or match patterns based on training data. Learning by example.

The system learns/develops strategies based on performance feedback.

An unsupervised learning system discovers patterns based on experience.

MachineLearning


deep learning

Deep learning refers to a biologically-inspired approach to machine learning that leverages a collection of simple processing units - analogous to neurosynaptic elements - that collaborate to solve complex problems at multiple levels of abstraction. These modern neural networks can support supervised, reinforcement, or unsupervised learning systems. In general, deep learning solutions require a high degree of parallelism, which may be implemented in hardware and/or software.

LearningPerception

Motivation


see tastesmellhear touch

Perception: how we sense/recognize data in the outside world

Perception: how we recognize data in the outside world

Perception


see tastesmellhear touch

Text,Images,Surface structured records…

SpeechMusicCuesNoise

Sensors: Temperature Tactile Texture


Perception: obvious structure is easy to process… but most of the interesting stuff isn’t obvious to a computer.

Motivation: why we act.


LearningPerception

Motivation


Problem Solving & Learning

Simple: deterministic,

retrieve/calculate

Response Types Visible Reports Invisible Memory updates

Input Types well-structured output from other systems

Basic Cognitive Computing

Memory


Perception/ Language

Problem Solving & Learning

Complex: probabalistic hypothesize, test, rank, select Creative: discover, generate

Input Class/Type Visual Text Image Aural Speech Music Cues Noise Informative Touch Temperature Tactile Texture Taste Smell

Response Types Visible (to the environment) Reports Verbal/NL Text Behavioral (system changes) Haptics Invisible Memory updates

Advanced Cognitive Computing

Memory



Two major approaches to cognitive computing:


1. Neuromorphic architectures: computer or device-level systems modeled after biological systems or components, such as neurons and synapses. These may be implemented in analog, digital or hybrid hardware.



An IBM - SyNAPSE boardSource: Qualcomm

Neuromorphic Architectures



LearningPerception

Motivation

reflectioninferencededuction

Two major approaches to cognitive computing:2. Functional equivalence:

Model the behavior of biological systems, not their structure.


reasoning

Cognitive Computing

HW ArchitectureNeuromorphicvon

Neumann-based

Cognitive WorkloadsNatural

Language ProcessingHypothesis Gen/&

TestingConfidence-

Weighted Reporting

Supporting Workloads

Experience-Based

Learning

Shallow-structured

Data

Descriptive Analytics

Deep-structured

Data Predictive/Prescriptive

The Cognitive Computing Landscape



LearningPerception

Motivation

II. The Cognitive Computing Technology Ecosystem


Machine Learning

Human

Sensors/Systems

Infrastructure

Input Output

Visualization

Narrative Generation

Voice/NLP

Video/Images

Reports

Gestures

Emotions

Text/NLP

Surface Structured DataSurface Structured Data

The Cognitive Computing Technology Ecosystem

DataManagement

Alt/NeuromorphicHardware

ProfessionalServices

Analytics

Reports


Human

Sensors/Systems

Infrastructure

Input Output

Visualization


Voice/NLP

Video/Images

Reports

Gestures

Emotions

Text/NLP



DataManagement



Analytics

Reports

Machine Learning

Metamind

IBM

Ersatz Labs

Scaled Inference

Microsoft

Saffron

IP Soft

Numenta

ai-oneDigital Reasoning

Google

Nervana Systems

BigML

Sentient Technologies Vicarious

Skymind

Lumiata

wise.io

Dato

Kimera SystemsH2O


Human

Sensors/Systems

Infrastructure

Input Output

Visualization


Voice/NLP

Video/Images

Reports

Gestures

Emotions

Text/NLP



DataManagement



Analytics


Reports

Solution Providers

IBMWatson

AccentureIP Soft

Cognitive Scale

AltiliaH2O

Visualization*Narrative GenerationVoice/NLP

Video/Images

Gestures

Emotions

Text/NLP

The Cognitive Computing Technology Ecosystem: I/O Technologies

• Affectiva• BeyondVerbal• Emotient• Limbic• Nuance• Nviso

• Expect Labs• Gridspace• IBM• Maluuba• Nuance• PopupArchive• Skymind• SpaceTimeInsight• Viv Labs• Wit.ai

• ABBYY• Altilia• Cortical.io• IBM• idibon• Kaypok• Luminoso • Maluuba• Wit.ai

• BRS Labs• Clarifai• Dextro• Madbits (twitter)• Mindops• Skymind• Teradeep• Visenze

• Narrative Science• OnlyBoth

• APX Labs• EyeSight• GestureTek• LeapMotion• Nod• Intel

*Visualization functionality is often bundled with analytics software. We currently combine these in a single category.

Machine Learning


Data Management

Alt/Neuromorphic Hardware

Professional Services

Analytics/Visualization

The Cognitive Computing Technology Ecosystem: Infrastructure

• Accenture• Cognitive Scale• Deloitte• Hitachi• IBM• Xerox

• Artificial Learning• DWave• HRL Laboratories• IBM• Nervana Systems• Qualcomm• Teradeep

• 1010data• Actuate • Adatao• Alpine Data Labs• Alteryx • Altilia• Angoss• Attivio • Birst• Civis Analytics• ClearStoryData• Connotate• Context Relevant• Dataiku• Datameer• Emerald Logic • First Rain• ForeSee• Fractal Analytics • Guavus• IBM• indico• Inkiru (Wamart)• KNIME• KXEN (SAP)• LiftIgniter• Loop AI Labs• MathWorks (Matlab)• Microsoft• Mu Sigma

• Actian • Aerospike • Alation• Altilia• Basho• Caspio • Cognitive Scale• Cognizant Technology• Couchbase• CrowdFlower• CumuLogic• Data Bricks• DataRPM • DataStax• DataWeb, Inc.• DDN • diffbot• GigaSpaces• Giraph• Grappa • GridGain• Hortonworks• HP Vertica• IBM• import io• kimono• MapR

• Nara Logics• NuTonian• Opera Solutions• Oracle• Palantir• Pentaho • Prediction IO• Predixion• Qliktech • Quid • Rapid Miner• Revolution Analytics(MSFT)• Salford Systems• SAP• SAS Institute• SiSense • Spark Beyond• Spotfire (Tibco)• StatSoft (Dell)• Synthos Technologies• Teradeep• ThinkBig Analytics (Teradata)• Versium• Wolfram Mathematica• Yhat

• MarkLogic • MongoDB• NeoTechnology• Oracle• Paxata• RainStor• Reactor • SAP• Space Curve• Viv Labs

Machine Learning


III. First Steps



Early adopters…healthcare (payers, providers, patients), diagnoses, intern training, self service… legal - from due diligence to compliance security - from police to HSA to DoD… call centers, supporting complex products retail - recommendations from outdoor/adventure goods… travel/hospitality - taking the burden off the customer to recommend solutions telecomm - managing operations

The ideal app…Performs a function that is already being done by skilled professionals who can’t keep up with the data, or are too expensive, or that involves high risk.

Document-centric

Data-centric

Behavior/ event-centric

Knowledge- centric

Data Model Source

Manual &

Systems

Systems &

Sensors

Systems Sensors

Machine-learning Cognitive Computing

Municipal Knowledge

Figure 12-1. Foundations of Cognitive Computing for Smarter Cities from Cognitive Computing and Big Data Analytics, Hurwitz, Kaufman & Bowles, 2015

Analysis

Descriptive/ Predictive/ Learning

Descriptive/ Predictive

Descriptive

Mat

urity

Silos

Shared

Integrated


Can a cognitive computing application disrupt your industry?


Start with the hard questions!

Do you have the skills?

Do you have the data?

Are your customers ready for probabilistic or non-deterministic answers? (can they deal with uncertainty and multiple possible answers?)

Does anybody else have the data?

Will NLP add value in the eyes of your customers?

How important is it to be able to explain how the system got an answer or made a recommendation…? (medical diagnosis - HIGH, recommending a sweater, not so much)

How important is it for the system to improve its performance over time? (vs consistent answers)

0. Foundation

Experience-Based

Learning1. Learn

2. Interact

3. ExpandIntegrate

Augmented/VirtualReality

Confidence-weightedReporting

Motivation

reflection

inference


deduction

Hypothesis Generation& Testing

reasoning

Natural Language Processing

Cloud

…Analytic

s

Data Management

Neu

rom

orph

icAr

chite

ctur

es Learning

Perception

Which technologies are most important to serving your customers?Copyright (c) 2015 by STORM Insights Inc. All Rights reserved.

Identify the domain Choose a primary machine learning model

for general supervised learning, identify the attributes and sources of training data for reinforcement learning, identify events/states that need to be reinforced (positive or negative) for unsupervised learning, identify discovery parameters

Identify the data sources Build/buy decision time…


Ready?

Identify Data Sources

Generate Hypothesis

Ingest Data

RefineTrain System

Operate/ Run System

Identify Anomalies & New Patterns

Baseline Knowledge

Before you start, can you build a virtuous cycle for your domain?

Refine/ Update Corpus

CorpusData

Ontologies

Taxonomies


Human

Sensors/Systems

Voice/NLP

Video/Images

GesturesEmotions

Text/NLP

Surface Structured Data

For more information:


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smartdata webinar: commercial cognitive computing -- how to choose and build your first cognitive...

Technology

storm insights

cognitive computing

machine learning

deep learning solutions

unsupervised learning

deep learningdeep learning

training data

reasoningthree key approaches