smart materials for architecture and design professions

Smart Materials for Architecture and Design Professions

Distinguishing smart materials

Making (drawing) surfaces in architecture and design.

The use of materials can be driven in two ways:Materials become the surfaces or structural skin.Materials are thought as an interactive/responsive

element

Two approaches for classifying materials:

Sciences and engineering disciplinesDesign discipline

An array of physical behaviors:

Physical propertyProcessesUse and function

An artifact with character:

EmotionPerception aesthetics

engineering disciplines Design discipline

Smart materials

Classification of smart materials and their input and output stimuli

energy transfer = material property x change in state

Statetemperature, pressure, density, phase, motion, position…

Material propertymechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, optical…

Energy transferwork (pressure difference), heat (temperature difference)

…

Interior stateTemperaturePressuredensity

Work

heat

energy transfer = material property x change in state

Independent variable Dependent variable

1.change of state material property

2. energy transfer material property

3. energy transfer energy change

4. energy transfer multiple states

1 2 3 4

Photochromics ( 光致色變 )– materials that change color when exposed to light

Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– – materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Mechanochromics ( 機械色變 )– – materials that change color due to imposed stresses and/or deformations.

Chemochromics ( 化學色變 )– – materials that change color when exposed to specific chemical environments.

Electrochromics (( 電致色變 )– materials that change color when a voltage is applied. Related technologies include liquid crystals and suspended particle devices that change color or transparencies when electrically activated.

Type 1 smart materials – property-changing

CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS

Photochromic materials( 光致變色 ) – materials that change color due to light changes.



Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Design: Juergen Mayer H




Design: Pu Tai



Thermochromics – materials that change color due to temperature changes.

Designed by Chris Glaister, Afshin Mehin, Tomas Rosen



Chronos Chromos Concrete

Thermochromics – materials that change color due to temperature changes.



Mechanochromics materials– have altered optical properties when the material is subjected to stresses and deformations associated with external forces.



Chemochromic materials are whose properties are sensitive to different chemical environments.




Electrochromics ( 電致色變 ) materials can be defined as a reversible color change of a material caused by application of an electric current or potential.


RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS

Electrorheological (ER) fluids ( 電流變液 ) Magnetorheological fluids ( 磁力流變液 )


ER demo


Electrorheological (ER) fluids ( 電流變液 )


Using ER fluids to stiffen the blade of a helicopter and damp in vibration


Magnetorheological (MRF) fluids ( 磁力流變液 )


Magnetorheological (MR) fluids ( 磁力流變液 )



CONDUCTING POLYMERS -Electroactive polymers (EAP)


movie

Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging

Chemoluminescence

female firefly squid

LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS


Electroluminescence

Electroluminescent wire

Voltagesource

Electroluminescent strips


Electroluminescence

Designed by Kennedy & Violich Architecture

EL Plywood Desk

a sonic shade of light, 2006

Seeing smart materials/technology from design perspective

The innovative use of heating elements and ink allows graphics, words and numbers to be displayed through concrete.

Hanabi

http://www.archidose.org/Aug04/083004.html

http://www.archidose.org/Aug04/083004c.html

http://www.archidose.org/Aug04/083004b.html

http://www.archidose.org/Aug04/083004a.html


http://www.thelivingnewyork.com/lg/lg01.htm

smart materials for architecture and design professions

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