smart com 150 manual english v5_14

7/21/2019 Smart Com 150 Manual English V5_14

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Becker Smart Com 150 Leaky Feeder Training Manual

V5.14



0.1 150 MHz or 450 MHz?

Smart Com 150 is well suited for hard-rock mines wherelateral coverage from the LF cable is not critical.

Smart Com 450 is better suited to room and pillar or

longwall mines as the signal propagates up to 4x better.

UHF cable costs approximately 300% more than VHF,however the increased coverage may result in a moreattractive solution.



Table of Contents

1.0 Two-Way Radio Basics

2.0 Leaky Feeder Concept

3.0 RF Power Measurement

4.0 System Layout

5.0 Splitter Installation6.0 Amplifier Spacing

7.0 Base Station Installation

8.0 LF Cable Installation

9.0 Passive Component Installation

10.0 Amplifier Installation

11.0 DC Supply Installation12.0 Troubleshooting

13.0 Maintenance

Contact Information



1.0 Two-Way Radio Basics

1.1 Two-Way Radio

1.2 Simplex Radio System

1.3 Half-Duplex Radio

1.4 Leaky Feeder is….?

1.5 Real Time Communications



1.1 Two-Way Radio

VHF/UHF Radios are available as stationary (base),hand-held (portable), vehicle-mounted (mobile),integrated with cap lamp batteries or radio-modem (dataapplications).

Radios support multiple channels and can be configuredto interface with telephone systems.

Trunked voice radio is cost-competitive when 200 ormore radios are used on-site. Trunked systems alsoprovide “private” voice conversations.



1.2 Simplex Radio System

• Transmit (TX) and Receive (RX)

frequencies are the same.

• UHF is a good choice for room &

pillar type mines.

• Line of sight communication (LOS):

VHF

150 MHz TX

150 MHz RX

UHF

455 MHz TX

455 MHz RX

VHF

150 MH

z TX

150 MHz RX

UHF

455 MHz TX

455 MHz RX



1.3 Half-Duplex Radio

Mountain

Radio #1150 MHz RX

170 MHz TX

Obstructions or extreme distances between the radios will

prevent simplex radio from working. To remedy this a

Repeater is added to create a half duplex communication

network.

PTT

Repeater

170 MHz RX150 MHz TX

Radio #2

150 MHz RX170 MHz TX



1.4 Leaky Feeder is…?

Leaky Feeder cable runs along tunnels and emits and

receives radio signals. The cable is leaky since it has

gaps or slots in its outer shielding to allow signal to leak

into or out of the cable along it's entire length.

Radio Transmit

170 MHz VHF

455 MHz UHF

Radio Receive

150 MHz VHF

475 MHz UHF



1.5 Real Time Communications

Leaky Feeder acts like a long antenna, connecting Radios

to Repeaters.



2.0 Leaky Feeder Concept

2.1 Leaky Feeder Highway

2.2 Leaky Feeder RF Spectrum

2.2.1 Smart Com 150 Band pass

2.2.2 Becker Smart Com 150 Band pass

2.2.3 Smart Com 450 Band pass2.3 Data - Smart Com + Ethernet

2.4 Data - Low Speed, Mine-Wide Data



2.1 Leaky Feeder Highway

Leaky Feeder is analogous to a

divided, multi-lane highway.

A single highway (cable) carriesseveral lanes of traffic

(channels) in opposite directions

(band-pass) with a median

(guard band) between them to

prevent collisions.



2.2 Leaky Feeder RF Spectrum

Guard Band

Downstream

• Downstream channels

are connected directly to

Repeater transmitter,thus all channels are at

same strong RF power.

• Downstream channels

drive Local Diagnostic

LED’s.

Upstream• Upstream signals are

at different RF power

depending (mainly)

on distance between

U/G radio and LF

cable

Base Station & Repeaters

Frequency



2.2.1 Smart Com 150 Band pass

Guard Band172-174

Downstream

(145-160 MHz)

Upstream

(170-185 MHz)


Frequency

R F P

o w e r

150-156

16 Channels Voice

Radio. All

Downstream radio

signals are at same

RF power Ethernet

Downstream

(optional)

16 Channels

Voice/Data Radio

Upstream signals are

at different RF power

depending (mainly)

on distance from

cable.

Ethernet

Upstream or CCTV

NTSC 7/8

PAL 6/7

(optional)

RNG-AMP, RIS-AMP Band pass :



Smart Com 150 Band pass

170-185 MHz

145-160 MHz

Downstream Signals

Upstream Signals

RNG-AMP, RIS-AMP Band pass :



2.2.2 Becker Smart Com 150 Band pass

BSC-AMP Band pass:

G u a r d B a n d


Frequency

Downstream

Voice145-160 MHz

Upstream

Voice170-185 MHz

R F

P o w e r

Upstream

CMTS

25-42 MHz

DownstreamCMTS

80-110 MHz

16 Channels Voice/Data

All Downstream radio

signals are at the same

RF power

16 Channels Voice/Data

Radio

Upstream signals are at

different RF power

depending (mainly) on

distance from cable.



Becker Smart Com 150 Band pass

170-185 MHz

145-160 MHz

Downstream Signals

Upstream Signals

BSC-AMP Band pass:



2.3 Data – Smart Com + Ethernet

Connect industry standard cable modems to

Smart Com to provide 54 Mbps Ethernet

hotspots.

Connect standard Ethernet equipment includingwireless networking equipment.

CMIIP Camera

PC

VOIP Handset

Cable

Modem

WLAN

SP2

Non-Intrinsically Safe

equipment



2.4 Data – Low Speed, Mine-Wide Data

1. Low-speed (9600 bps) wireless networks can run over Leaky Feeder.

2. “ Master” Radio Modem in Base Station is connected to main PC/PLC.

3. “ Slave” units are connected to PLCs or RTUs.



3.0 RF Power Measurement

3.1 “Relative” Measurements

3.2 Decibels: dB and dBm

3.3 Gain and Loss using dB’s

3.4 dB’s and Power



3.1 “ Relative” Measurements

• Temperature units are °C.

• Reference level is 0 °C.

• All temperatures are relative,

the numbers just indicate

higher/lower than reference

level of 0 °C.

+25C

0 C

-25C



3.2 Decibels: dB and dBm

dB’s are ratios of RF power levels that simplify

calculations of RF loss and gain.

Calculating power level differences in dB works

just like calculating temperature differences in°C.

dBm is a measurement of the absolute power,

not a power ratio. Power can be expressed as

Watts, dBm and volts, but dBm and dB’s worktogether to make things easy. No kidding.



3.3 Gain and Loss using dB’s

-4 dBm -0 dBm = -4 dB

100 meters of Smart Com

150/150IS Leaky Feedercable has 4 dB loss.

Input RF power 0 dBm Output RF power -4 dBm

What is RF loss through 100 m LF cable?

Input RF power -20 dBm

Output RF power +4 dBm

What is the gain of the LF amplifier?

Gain or loss is the difference between output and input indBm and the result is expressed in decibels (dB).

+4 dBm – (-20 dBm) = +24 dB

Leaky Feeder amplifier provides

24 dB gain.



3.4 dB’s and Power

Decibels are logarithmic. Increasing a signal by 3 dB

doubles the power, decreasing a signal by 3 dB cuts the

power in half. An increase of 10 dB is 10x the power.

-10 dB -6 dB -3 dBGain/

Loss+3 dB + 6 dB +10 dB

-10 dBm -6 dBm -3 dBm 0 dBm 3 dBm 6 dBm 10 dBm

1/10 1/4 1/2 Power 2x 4x 10x



4.0 System Layout

4.1 Base Station Location

4.2 LF Cable Layout

4.3 System Layout Example

4.4 Smart Com 150 Gains/Losses4.5 Smart Com 150IS Gains/Losses

4.6 Smart Com 450 Gains/Losses

4.7 Smart Com 150IS System Layout

4.8 Smart Com 150IS System Notes




IS Systems:

Must be installed on surface (Safe Area).

Non-IS Systems:

Non-IS Systems can benefit from the Base Stationinstalled underground as all four Head End branches

may be used. This reduces the requirement for U/G

DC supplies and also provides a form of redundancy.

Another benefit of U/G Base Stations is that it

reduces the number of amplifiers in cascade and

thus the noise floor.



4.2 LF Cable Layout

LF cable must be installed wherever communications is

required.

Allow for 10% extra cable when laying system out to

accommodate for drip loops and cable slack. Each cable run must be terminated by either a

Termination Unit or Stope Antenna.

Stope Antennas increase coverage by up to 200-300%

to provide coverage into stopes and other areas where

cable damage is likely.



4.3 System Layout Example



4.4 Smart Com 150 Gains/Losses



5.0 Splitter Installation

5.1 Smart Com 150/150IS SP2 Splitters

5.2 Smart Com 150/150IS SP3 Splitters

5.3 Smart Com 450 SP2 Splitters

5.4 Smart Com 450 SP3 Splitters



5.1 Smart Com 150/150IS SP2 Split ters

Smart Com 150 and Smart Com 150IS SP2 splitters splitthe incoming power into two equal branches.

100%50%

SP2

1

2

Input

Smart Com 150

IN> >OUT: -4 dB-100m/-325ft

>OUT: -4 dB

-100m/-325ft

Smart Com 150IS

IN>

>OUT: -4 dB

-100m/-325ft

>OUT: -4 dB

-100m/-325ft

50%



Smart Com 150/150IS SP2 Splitters

3m 400m

300m

-100m

-100m

Equivalent to 100m

300m

-100m

-100m

Equivalent to 100m of LF

+500m



5.2 Smart Com 150/150IS SP3 Split ters

Smart Com 150/150IS SP3 splitters have a low-lossmain branch and two higher loss branches.

Branch 1 has the same loss as a SP2.

Branches 2 and 3 have the same loss as two SP2’s.

100%50%

SP3

25%

1

3 225%

Input

Smart Com 150

IN> >OUT: -4 dB

-100m/-325ft

>OUT: -8 dB

-200m/-650ft

-8 dB :OUT<

-200m/-650ft

Smart Com 150IS

IN> >OUT: -4 dB

-100m/-325ft

>OUT: -8 dB

-200m/-650ft

-8 dB :OUT<

-200m/-650ft



Smart Com 150/150IS SP3 Splitters

3m 400m

300m

300m

-100m

-200m-200m

Equivalent to 100m

2 0 0 m

Equivalent to 100m of LF

+500m



6.0 Amplifier Spacing


6.2 500m vs 350m Spacing

6.3 150/150IS Amplifier Spacing, Example 1


6.5 150/150IS Amplifier Spacing, Example 36.6 150/150IS Amplifier Spacing, Example 4


6.8 450 Amplifier Spacing, Example 1


6.10 450 Amplifier Spacing, Example 36.11 450 Amplifier Spacing, Example 4


6.13 Smart Com 150/150IS Amplifier Spacing Quiz




Line Amplifiers are installed to compensate for cable andsplitting losses.

Maximum

Amplifier

Gain (dB)

Amplifier

Spacing

Cable Loss at

highest

frequency

Reserve

Gain (dB)

Smart Com

150/150IS

(RNG-AMP,

RIS-AMP, BSC-

AMP)

28 500 m

1650 feet

23 dB/500 m 5

Smart Com 450

(450-AMP)

25 350 m

1150 feet

21 dB/350 m 4

RNG-AMP and RIS-AMP line amplifiers require first amplifier oneach Head End branch be spaced 350 m from Head End! BSC-

AMP amplifiers can be spaced 500m from head end.



6.2 500m vs 350m Spacing

All other LF systems have 350 meter amplifier spacing.

500 meter spacing

Smart Com 150/150IS.

350 meter spacing

Smart Com 450.

All other LF competitors.




3m 400 meters

3m

+500 Meters

+500 Meters

3m 300 meters

300 meters

400 meters

300 meters

300 meters

BSC-AMP

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP




3m 400 meters

+500 Meters

3m 300 meters

200 meters

200 meters

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP/

BSC-AMP




100m 300 meters

+500 Meters

3m 200 meters

100 meters

100 meters

BSC-AMP

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP/

BSC-AMP




3m 400 meters

+500 Meters

100m 200 meters

100 meters

100 meters

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP/

BSC-AMP




100m 300 meters

+500 Meters

100m100 meters

3 meters

3 meters

RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP/

BSC-AMP

BSC-AMP



6.13 Smart Com 150/150IS Ampl if ier Spacing Quiz

5 0 0 m

___m

___m

3 0 0

m

1 0 0 m

(1)

Add amplifiers as necessary. Indicate spacing where

required.

2 0 0 m

2 0 0 m

1000m 600m

1

(2)

2 0 0 m

100m

200m



Smart Com 150/150IS Ampl if ier Spacing Quiz Answers

400

100 ___m

___m

3 0 0 m

1 0 0 m

(1)

200m

2 0 0 m

1000m600m1

(2)

2

0 0 m

100m

100m

100m500m 100m400m 500m

1 0 0 m

4 0 0 m

100m



7.0 Base Station Installation

7.1 What is a Base Station?

7.2 Typical Smart Com 150 Base Station Schematic7.3 Base Station Location

7.4 Smart Com 150 Base Station RF Flow

7.5 Leaky Feeder Head End

7.6 Smart Com 150 Head Ends

7.6.1 RNG-Hxx Head End

7.6.2 BSC-HE Head End

7.6.3 RNG-Hxx Head End Indications and Controls

7.6.4 BSC-HE Head End Indications and Controls7.6.5 RNG-Hxx RF Distribution

7.6.6 BSC-HE RF Distribution

7.6.7 RNG-Hxx Remote Diagnostic Connections

7.6.8 BSC-HE Remote Diagnostic Connections

7.6.9 Smart Com 150 Downstream – RNG-Hxx

7.6.10 Smart Com 150 Downstream – BSC-HE

7.6.11 Smart Com 150 Channel Plan

7.7 Smart Com 450 Head End7.7.1 Smart Com 450 Head End Indications

7.7.2 Smart Com 450 RF Distribution

7.7.3 Smart Com 450 Remote Diagnostics


7.8 Base Station Power Supplies

7.9 Voice Repeaters

7.10 Telephone Interconnects



7.1 What is a Base Station?

It’s the “brains” of the Leaky Feedernetwork, housed in a 19” rack-mountcabinet.

Inside the Base Station are theinterfaces to the Leaky Feeder network:

Leaky Feeder Head End RF Distribution

Power Supplies

Radio Repeaters, surface coverageantennas

CMTS

CMTSI (RNG-Hxx head end only if needed) Server PC

Mine Pager Phone Interconnect

Telephone Interconnect



7.2 Typical Smart Com 150 Base Station Schematic

Tx3 Rx3

Rx2Tx2

Tx1 Rx1

Tx4 Rx4

12 Volt,90 Ah, Deep Cycle,Maintenance-Fr eeGel-Cell batteryBack View

+ _

L2 L1 B2 B1

Antenna

10Base-T

Tx0- 16 Rx0 -16

H/EIN

Leaky Feeder Connections

AC 120V

CablePass-Through

1 2 3 4

15A

RNG-RPT1, Repeater, Channel 1




RNG-RF16, RF Distribution

RNG-SAN, Surface Coverage Kit

RNG-H36, Leaky Feeder Head End

PS-110, 12V Power Supply

RNG-BAT, Battery Backup

Tx0-16 Rx0 -16

LowPassF ilter

ChassisGround

HighPassF ilter

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

COM

7 5 5 0

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

COM

S

1 2

7550

2

S

3 1 1 2

S

1 2

Rx0-1

Rx1

HPF

Rx0Tx0

Tx1

Tx0-1

LPF

CAT5 Ethernet Cabling, RJ45

DC 12V

Notes:

1. Cabinets are typically

supplied and configured by

Varis Distributors.

2. Run RF coaxial cables and

DC power cables on oppositesides of the cabinet.

3. Label all cables at both ends.

Use naming convention

shown here.

4. Surface Antenna package

RNG-SAN does not includeantenna mounting hardware.




Base Stations for Intrinsically Safe systems needto be on surface (Safe Area).

Dry, heated area with reliable, clean AC power.

If located outdoors a climate controlled NEMA4/4X enclosure is required.

Base Station should be placed so that access toboth front and rear doors is possible.

LF cables can enter Base Station cabinetthrough top of cabinet or through access panelon bottom of cabinet. Cable glands required tomaintain NEMA rating of cabinet.



7.4 Smart Com 150 Base Station RF Flow

RNG-Hxx Head End:



7.5 Leaky Feeder Head End

The Head End is the interface between Base

Station equipment such as Repeaters and the

Leaky Feeder cables.

The Head End unit also injects DC power ontothe Leaky Feeder cable to power the LF Line

Amplifiers.



7.6 Smart Com 150 Head Ends

Existing Smart Com 150 systems are available in three types:

RNG-H12, RNG-H16, RNG-H36. The RNG-H12 outputs 12

VDC onto the Leaky Feeder cable, the RNG-H16 outputs 16

VDC and the RNG-H36 outputs 30-36 VDC.

A new version of VHF head end is now available that is

backwards compatible with existing systems while supporting

the more advanced features now available on the new

generation of Smart Com 150 line amplifiers (BSC-AMP).The BSC-HE12 outputs 12 VDC, the BSC-HE16 outputs 16

VDC and the BSC-HE36 outputs 30-36 VDC.



7.6.1 RNG-Hxx Head End

Front View, 3U high

RNG-H12, RNG-H16 and RNG-H36 Head Ends have a pre-

amplifier which compensates for the splitting losses in the

Head End and performs system Automatic Gain Control

(AGC). Typical Insertion Loss 10 dB, AGC range 16 dB.

Rear View

Spacing between the head end and first line amplifier is

350m.



7.6.2 BSC-HE Head End

Front View, 3U high

These Head Ends do no perform Automatic Gain Control

(AGC). Instead the insertion losses for the Voice

Upstream/Downstream and CMTS Upstream/Downstream

band passes are fixed. These head ends are backwards

compatible with older systems and components.

Rear View

BSC-HE head ends can support amplifier spacing of 500mbetween the head end and first line amplifier, unlike older

systems which were limited to 350m between the head end

and first line amplifier.



7.6.3 RNG-Hxx Head End Indications and Controls

LED’s for

each Branch

indicate that

DC voltage is

OK (Green) or

Branch isshorted (Red).

Jumpers areused to

enable/disable

each Branch.

The “RF Only”

jumper setting can

be used to connect

passive surface

antennas. This

setting may offer

increased lightningprotection in

addition to the

standard lightning

protection found

on RNG-SAN

Surface CoverageKits.

Output 16/36 VDC @ 2.5A, 0 dBm



7.6.4 BSC-HE Head End Indications and Controls

BSC-HE12, BSC-HE16,

BSC-HE36

Three settings are

available for eachbranch, RF+DC,

Terminate (no RF

or DC) and RF

Only.

LED’s for each Branch indicate thatDC voltage is OK (Green) or Branch

is shorted (Red).

Switches are used to

enable/disable each

Branch.

LED’s are provided

to show PWR,downstream

pilot/diagnostics

and upstream

diagnostics state.



7.6.5 RNG-Hxx RF Distribution

Included with all RNG-Hxx Head Ends.

16 channels for voice, data and video.

Connect all Repeater transmitters to TX ports and allRepeater receiver radios to the RX ports.

Transmit power into each port limited to +0 dBm.

TX RX



7.6.6 BSC-HE RF Distribution

RF distribution is now integrated into the head end enclosure

16 channels for voice, data and video.

Connect all Repeater transmitters to TX ports and all Repeaterreceiver radios to the RX ports.

Transmit power into each port is l imited to +30 dBm.

RF connections are also provided for CMTS Downstream/Upstreamchannels.



7.6.7 RNG-Hxx Remote Diagnostic Connections

•Connect Tx to RNG-RF16 TX0-16 port, Rx to RNG-RF16 RX0-

16 port using supplied 50 ohm

coaxial cables.

•Connect Power Leads to +12

VDC supply. Green “Power”LED and Red “Pilot” LED

should illuminate.

•Configure DRX IP and connect

to the mine’s network.

•Refer to Remote DiagnosticsInstallation Manual for complete

installation/calibration

procedure.

Power Leads

Tx

InputPower

Rx Port

Tx Port



7.6.8 BSC-HE Remote Diagnostic Connections

RNG-AMP, RIS-AMP Diagnostics:

• Connect Tx to DRX Tx port on the BSC-

HE board using a 1’ 50 ohm coaxial cable.

• Connect Rx to DRX Rx port on the BSC-

HE board using a 1’ 50 ohm coaxial cable.

• Connect Power Leads to +12 VDC supply.“Power” LED and “Pilot” LED should light.

• If installing the DRX in a system that has

350m spacing between the head end and

first amplifier, adjust the pilot to 0 dBm at

the output of the head end.

• If there is 500m spacing between the head

end and first amplifier, adjust the pilot to +4

dBm at the output of the head end.

Power Leads

Input

Power

Rx Port

Tx

Port

RNG-DRX

BSC-HE

Pilot

Level

Adjust

Inside BSC-HE Enclosure



BSC-HE Remote Diagnostic Connections

RNG-AMP, RIS-AMPDiagnostics:

•Configure the DRX IP and

connect to the inside Ethernet

port on the BSC-HE board as

shown.

•Next, connect the BSC-HE to

the mine’s network using the

Ethernet port on the outside of

the enclosure.

•Refer to Remote DiagnosticsInstallation Manual for

complete

installation/calibration

procedure.

RNG-DRX

BSC-HE

Inside BSC-HE Enclosure

Mines

Network



BSC-HE Remote Diagnostic Connections

BSC-AMP Diagnostics:

•Connect the Base-station server to the BSC-HE using a null-

modem cable as shown.

Connect to

Server



7.6.9 Smart Com 150 Downstream – RNG-Hxx

As the number of active repeaters changes, the AGC works

to keep the total Downstream RF power at +9 dBm. The

Upstream gain is controlled using the manual attenuation

switch (IC14) – leave gain control jumper at “AUTO”. The

upstream gain can be varied between 10 and 19 dB.

Voice 0 dBm

RNG-RF16 Insertion Loss 22 dB

Voice Repeater Transmitter

Head End Amplifier Gain:Downstream 10-25 dB

Upstream 10-19 dB

Voice -10 dBm, Pilot 0 dBm

Voice -22 dBm

Pilot -12 dBm Voice -1 dBm

Pilot +9 dBm

Head EndInsertion

Loss: 9 dB

DRX Downstream Pilot

Pilot +10 dBm

There is a 1.5 dB variation in RF levels at the four terminals on the Head End circuit

board. With the Downstream pilot active a Downstream signal in the range of -1 dBm

to +1 dBm indicates the system is operating normally.

AGC: AUTO



7.6.10 Smart Com 150 Downstream – BSC-HE

The new BSC-HE head ends have an integrated pilot that can run along

side the old DRX pilot. This means that the BSC-HE can provide

remote diagnostics for RNG-AMP, RIS-AMP and BSC-AMP line

amplifiers.

Voice +30 dBm

Insertion Loss 36 dB

Voice Repeater Transmitter

Voice: -6 dBm

DRX Pilot: 4 dBm

BSC-HE Pilot: -20 dBm

CMTS Down: +45 dBmV

DRX Pilot +10

dBm

Insertion Loss 6 dB

Insertion Loss 15 dB

CMTS Downstream +60 dBmVBSC-HE




Compatible with

BSC-AMP,RNG-AMP and RIS-

AMP line amplifiers



Smart Com 150 Channel Plan

Smart Com 150 Channel List Version 4.0

RNG-AMP, RIS-AMP

BSC-AMP

BSC-AMP, RNG-AMP,

RIS-AMP

BSC-AMP, RNG-AMP,

RIS-AMP



7.8 Base Station Power Supplies

• 13.8 VDC, 40 Amp redundantsystem (2 x 20A supplies).

• Battery terminals to create

UPS. In-line fuse required

between battery and P/S

(supplied with RNG-BAT).

• Voltage & Current Meter.

• CSA certified.

• Not CE certified.

PS-110, PS-220

PS-UNIV-CE • CSA Certified.

• CE certified.

• Requires UPS.



7.9 Voice Repeaters

• One voice repeater is required for each voice channel.

• Typically supplied by Varis Distributor.

RNG-RPT1

(one channel)

RNG-RPT5(two channel)



7.10 Telephone Interconnects

INT-TEL-CE

INT-TEL

Telephone Interconnects connect a PABX telephone

line to a LF radio channel. Enables one non-private telephone connection per

connected channel.

Radios must be equipped with DTMF keypads to

access the Telephone Interconnect.• Typically

supplied by Varis

Distributor



8.0 LF Cable Installation

8.1 LF Cable Installation – Drift

8.2 LF Cable Installation – Shaft

8.3 IS Leaky Feeder Installation

8.4 VHF LF Cable & Tools

8.5 UHF LF Cable & Tools

8.6 RNG-500 LF Cable Preparation

8.7 RCF12-50 LF Cable Preparation

8.8 Smart Com 150 Component Connection




8.1 LF Cable Installation - Drift

X Avoid parallel branches as they

“ talk into” each other and

cause system problems!

When installing LF cable

horizontally secure every 2.5m/8ftto screening, rock bolts or other

support in tunnel.

Allow the LF cable to sag away

from supporting structure.

X Avoid tying cable tightly tometal beams or piping or

inside cable tray.

Tunnel/Drift

Best for Performance

(coverage range)

Best for Cable Protection

(recommended)



LF Cable Installation - Drift

3m

Leaky feeder components must

be located a minimum of 3 m

(10 ft) from each other.

Some slack leaky feeder is

recommended use a figure S

pattern, do not pinch or kink

the cable



LF Cable Installation - Drift

Any Parallel runs, must be

separated as much as possible

2.5 m/8 ft max between

attachments.

Let the cable droop at least

15 cm /6 inches from the

roof.



8.2 LF Cable Installation - Shaft

Secure with Ty-Raps every 3

m (10 ft) to brattice or 1/8”

SS messenger cable.

Loop cable 20 m (66 ft) ontoevery level. Install allcomponents on level, not inshaft.



8.4 VHF LF Cable & Tools

Smart Com 150 uses RNG-500 LF cable.

75 ohm impedance.

Solid copper center conductor, 16 solidcopper shield wires.

500 m (1640’) reels, 120 kg (265 lbs), 0.8m (32”) diameter x 0.5 m (20”) height.

RNG-500 installation requires:

Knife

Side/Cable cutters

¼” Flat Head screwdriver.



8.6 RNG-500 LF Cable Preparation

Care must be taken not to nick

or cut any of the conductors.

• Remove 6 cm (2.5 in) of theouter yellow & black sheaths.

• Form two stranded wires with 8of the outer strands in each.

• Remove white foam dielectric &

trim the center conductor to 2cm (0.75 in).




• Wrap outer stranded

conductors CW under the

outer terminals.

• Tighten outer terminals.

• Re-tighten center terminal.

• Hand-tighten the cable

grip nut.

• Amplifier and

Splitter connectors

marked

“HEADEND”must

be connected to

LF cable coming

from Head End.

• Loosen cable grip nut.

• Loosen terminal screws

(not captive).• Insert prepared cable

end and slide center

conductor under center

terminal.



9.0 Passive Component Installation

9.1 System Impedance

9.2 Two-way Splitter Installation

9.3 Three-way Splitter Installation

9.4 Termination Unit Installation

9.5 Stope Antenna Installation

9.6 Splice Unit Installation

9.7 Smart Com 150IS Barrier Unit Installation

9 1 S t I d



9.1 System Impedance

Smart Com 150/150IS system’s

characteristic impedance is 75 ohms.

Smart Com 450 system’s characteristic

impedance is 50 ohms.

This impedance difference means you

cannot mix Smart Com 150/150IS and

Smart Com 450 components or cable in asingle network!

9 2 T W S litt I t ll ti



9.2 Two-Way Splitter Installation

Smart Com 150/150IS Splitters have jumpers thatcan:

Terminate an unused/damaged branch.

Inject “RF Only” for runs of LF with noamplifiers so that short circuits in the LF cablewill not bring down the system.

RNG-SP2

UHF-SP2

1 2

H/E

Equivalent

LF cable

lengths

(loss) of

splitter

branches

Smart

Com

150/

150IS

Smart

Com

450

Branch 1, 2 100 m

(325’)

70 m

(230’)

1

2

H/E

RIS-SP2

H/E 1

2

9 3 Th W S litt I t ll ti



9.3 Three Way Splitter Installation

RNG-SP3

1

23

UHF-SP3

1

2

3

H/E

H/E

Equivalent LF cable lengths

(loss) of splitter branches

Smart Com

150/150IS

Smart Com

450

Branch 1 100 m (325’) 120 m (395’)

Branches 2 & 3 200 m (650’) 120 m (395’)

RIS-SP3

H/E

3

1

2

9 4 T i ti U it I t ll ti



9.4 Termination Unit Installation

Termination Units arerequired at the end ofeach LF cable to absorbRF signals, preventingreflections and “deadzones”.

RNG-TER

UHF-TERRIS-TER

9 5 St A t I t ll ti



9.5 Stope Antenna Installation

• Stope Antennas can be used in place of

Termination Units to increase off-cable

coverage up to 2-3 times.

• Install an amplifier and a length of LF

cable 3 m (10 ft) before the antenna forbest results (ensure previous amplifier is

at least 250 m (820 ft) away).

• Hang Stope Antenna on back with clear

view down drift.

RIS-AN1

RNG-AN1

9 6 S li U it I t ll ti



9.6 Splice Unit Installation

Splice Unit is used for cable

repairs.

RNG-SPL

RF LossSmart Com 150/

150IS

RNG-SPL

RIS-SPL

0.1 dB, 0 m

Smart Com 450

UHF-SPL

0.1 dB, 0 mUHF-SPL

RIS-SPL

10 0 Amplifier Installation



10.0 Amplifier Installation

10.1 Smart Com 150 Amplifier Installation10.2 Smart Com 150IS Amplifier Installation

10.3 Smart Com 450 Amplifier Installation

10.4 The 3 Meter Rule

10.5 Amplifier Gain Control10.6 Smart Com 150 Amplifier Local Diagnostics

10.7 Smart Com 450 Amplifier Local Diagnostics

10.8 Smart Com 150 Amplifier AGC

10.9 Smart Com 450 Amplifier AGC

10.10 Smart Com 150 Amplifier Manual Gain Control


10.12 Smart Com 150 Amplifier Remote Diagnostics


10 1 Smart Com 150 Ampli fier Installation



10.1 Smart Com 150 Ampli fier Installation

RNG-AMP

“HEADEND”

terminals connectto the LF cablecoming from theBase Station.

BSC-AMP

Smart Com 150 Amplif ier Installation




Smart Com 150

amplifiers have jumperswhich isolate DCvoltage to help locateshort circuits.

RNG-AMP

BSC-AMP





RF Level

Jumper is to

select the

amplifiers mode,

Automatic or

Manual

Automatic is

recommended

Rotary switch adjusts Gain ifin manual mode

Button sends diagnostic

information to the head end

Unique ID that is used for

remote monitoring

BNC ports can be used

for sampling or testingthe amplif ier. A jumper

must be installed to

activate the port. The

jumper options are ‘RF

only’ or ‘DC and RF’

RNG-AMP





RF Level

Jumper is used to select the

amplifiers mode, Automatic or Manual Automati c is recommended

Rotary

switch

adjusts

Gain if in

manual

mode

Unique ID used for remote

monitoring

SMA ports can be used

for sampling or testing

the amplifier. A jumpermust be installed to

activate the port. The

jumper options are ‘RF

only’ or ‘DC and RF’

BSC-AMP

Used to calibrate in

Manual gain mode.

10 4 The 3 Meter Rule



10.4 The 3 Meter Rule

• Install amplifier before the splitter (closer to

Base Station).

• There must be a minimum 3 m (10 ft) of LF

cable between the amplifier and splitter.• Do not overlap cables or store Stope

Antennas bundled with amplifier.

Head End

10 5 Amplifier Gain Control



10.5 Amplifier Gain Control

Amplifiers compensate for the RF (Radio Frequency) cable

and splitting losses in the cable run preceding it in the

Downstream direction.

A m pl i f i e

r G ai n

RF High

RF OK

RF Low

10 6 Smart Com 150 Ampli fier Local Diagnostics



10.6 Smart Com 150 Ampli fier Local Diagnostics

• Any LED lit means DC voltage OK.

• Amber LED indicates radio signal is toohigh.

• Green LED indicates radio signal isOK. Green “OK” LED thresholds are

AGC or MGC-Calibrated: +3 to +5 dBm(-19 to -21 dBm for BSC-AMP), MGC

with Calibrate PB not pressed: +2 to +6dBm (-18 to -22 dBm for BSC-AMP).

• Red LED indicates radio signal is toolow.

If there is no Downstream radio channel active then the Red

(Low) LED will be on. To prevent this potentially confusing

behaviour, enable the Downstream Pilot signal on the RNG-

DRX.

10 8 Smart Com 150 Amplif ier AGC



10.8 Smart Com 150 Amplif ier AGC

• Key up radio to activate

repeater.

• Depress CALIBRATE p/b

for 2 seconds.

• Verify green LED is on.

• Amplifier continues to

monitor Downstreamsignals and adjust gain as

required to maintain “OK”.

Automatic gain control (AGC) is the recommended

setting. Set jumper to “AUTO”.

10 10 Smart Com 150 Amplifier Manual Gain Control




• Key up radio to activate Head End

repeater.

• Depress CALIBRATE p/b.

• Turn rotary attenuation switch untilgreen OK LED is on.

• The dial indicator on the rotary switch

shows the dB’s of extra gain available.

Need to install another splitter in an existing cable run? How

do you know if you will have enough gain? You could take an

expensive and delicate spectrum analyzer underground, or let

Smart Com’s MGC system tell you.

10 12 Smart Com 150 Amplifier Remote Diagnostics




• Every 4-9 minutes

• When Calibrate

P/B is released

• Amplifier data canbe viewed from the

Remote

Diagnostics web

server.

The Remote Diagnostics

Transmit LED (D7)

illuminates when a Remote

Diagnostics packet is sent

RNG-AMP

Smart Com 150 Ampli fier Remote Diagnostics



Smart Com 150 Ampli fier Remote Diagnostics

• Amplifiers are polled

by the RD web

server at intervals

dependent on the #

of amps in thesystem.

• Amplifier data can

be viewed from the

Remote Diagnosticsweb server.

All three leds (D2, D3, D4)

light when a Remote

Diagnostics packet is sent

BSC-AMP

11 0 DC Supply Installation



11.0 DC Supply Installation

11.1 Smart Com 150 DC Supply

11.1.1 Smart Com 150 DC Supply Installation

11.1.2 Smart Com 150 DC Supply Upgrade

11.1.3 Smart Com 150 DC Supply Spacing

11.2 Smart Com 150IS DC Supply

11.2.1 150IS DC Supply Installation

11.2.2 150IS DC Supply Spacing

11.2.3 150IS DC Supply Layout

11.2.4 150IS DC Voltage Calculation


11.3.1 450 DC Supply Spacing





Two DC output voltages are available: RNG-DC16 provides 16 VDC and RNG-DC36 provides36 VDC.

A Power Coupler RNG-SC2 is supplied with each

DC Power Supply to tie it into the LF network. UseLF cable between coupler and DC Supply.

The RF loss for the coupler is < 1 dB andtherefore does not affect amplifier spacing.

Local Diagnostic LED’s

RNG-DC36, RNG-DC16 RNG-SC2





11.1.3 Smart Com 150 DC Supply Spacing



3 S a Co 50 C Supp y Spac g

12.0 Troubleshooting



g

12.1 Troubleshooting Strategy12.2 Smart Com 150 Quick Reference Guide

12.3 Becker Smart Com 150 Quick Reference Guide

12.4 Smart Com 150/150IS Remote Diagnostics

12.5 Smart Com 150/150IS Amplifier Local Diagnostics

12.6 Smart Com 450 Remote Diagnostics

12.7 Smart Com 450 Amplifier Local Diagnostics

12.8 Mine-Wide Failure

12.9 Area Failure

12.10 Short Circuit Repair

12.11 Base Station Testing

12.12 Upstream Band12.13 Noisy Upstream Band

12.14 Downstream Band

12.15 Noisy Downstream Band

12.1 Troubleshooting Strategy



g gy

Remote Diagnostics is key in detecting faults and seeing

what is going on in the system.

Comments from users are very useful in determining

what type of problem is occurring.

70% of all failures are due to cable and water damage.

Upstream noise and failed DC power supplies account for

the remaining 30% of problems.

Always start troubleshooting at the Head End. Start on

the branch with the reported fault, and work your waytowards the end of that branch.

Show DRX Help

12.2 Smart Com 150 Quick Reference Guide



Smart Com 150 Quick Reference Guide



12.3 Becker Smart Com 150 Quick Reference Guide



12.4 Smart Com 150/150IS Remote Diagnostics



g

Verif y BSC-HEserial

communications+1 to

+5 OKReserve

Gain

Should be less

than 15

minutes.

There

should be

no alarms.

Verify DRX-web

server

communication

RD Webserver compatible with RNG-Hxx and BSC-HE head ends

12.5 Smart Com 150/150IS Ampl if ier Local Diagnostics



RF LED

Indication

DC

Status/LED

RF Status Acti on

No LED’s Failed, below

minimumvoltage

Unknown Determine why DC voltage is low:

• Power Jumper setting (JU24, JU25 on RNG-AMP/RIS-AMP, JU1/JU2 on BSC-AMP)

• Fuse blown.

• No incoming voltage – check for cable short/open or DC Power Supply failure.

Red LED

(Previous Amplifier OK)

OK (any LEDlit indicatedDC voltage

OK)

Too Low Increased cable loss (addition of splitter, cable damage) requires more gain from amplifier.

Manual Gain Control (MGC)

• Decrease Attenuation Setting switch until Green OK LED On. For more accuracy, press and holdCalibrate button while adjusting the rotary attenuation switch.

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

• Key up your radio and press and hold Calibrate button for 2 seconds. Verify OK LED On.

If adjusting gain does not achieve Green LED, then cable damage or new splitter prevents GreenLED On even with 0 (zero) attenuation.

• Find and repair cable damage.

• If new splitter installed, amplifier will show Red LED, but otherwise system performance will be

unchanged.

Green LED OK OK None

Amber LED

(Previous Amplifier OK)

OK (any LEDlit indicated

DC voltageOK)

Too High Manual Gain Control (MGC)

• Increase manual attenuation switch until Green OK LED on. For more accuracy, press and holdCalibrate button while adjusting attenuation switch.

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

• Key up your radio and press and hold Calibrate button for 2 seconds. Verify OK LED On.

If problem persists:

• Ensure that amplifiers are not spaced too closely

• Ensure that an amplifier is not oscillating due to cable and stope antenna being bundled too

closely.

12.8 Mine-Wide Failure



Possible Cause Remedy

Base Station un-powered. Verify Base Station power.

Failure of main LF cable

feed.

Verify using Remote or Local Diagnostics.

If amplifiers cannot call in within 15

minutes it would indicate a problem.

Upstream noise floor too

high.

Verify using Remote Diagnostics. If

amplifiers cannot call in within 15 minutes

it would indicate a problem. Measure

Upstream Noise Floor.

Failure of DC Power Supply. Verify using Remote or Local Diagnostics.

If amplifiers cannot call in within 15

minutes it would indicate a problem.

Failure of Voice Repeater. Confirm operation of other voice channels.

12.9 Area Failure



Possible Cause Remedy

Failure of LF cable feed. Verify using Remote or Local Diagnostics.

If amplifiers cannot call in within 15 minutes

it would indicate a problem.

Failure of DC Power

Supply.

Verify using Remote or Local Diagnostics.

If amplifiers cannot call in within 15 minutesit would indicate a problem.

Amplifier or cable fault. If amplifier cannot achieve Green LED then

either the amplifier is faulty or cable

between it and previous amplifier has too

high a loss. Verify amplifier spacing and

replace amplifier.

12.10 Short Circuit Repair



Short Circuits cause the DC voltage to drop while the DC current increases.

How to detect Short Circuits

Low voltage alarms on Remote Diagnostics.

Fault LED’s on DC Supplies.

Higher than normal current draw from DC Supplies. DC Supply output current “hiccupping”.

No LED’s on amplifiers (DC voltage below minimum voltage).

“Too Low” Red LED’s on amplifiers (RF level too low due to cable damage, cable open but not

shorted).

How to locate Short Circuits

Use information from Remote Diagnostics. Which sections of amplifiers are not calling in?

Start from DC Supply, and temporarily isolate cable sections using jumpers on splitters andamplifiers. Using a voltmeter, watch for increase in voltage (to normal) when branch isolated.

Once the faulty cable section has been identified, perform a visual check of the cable looking forobvious physical damage. If possible feel cable for damage.

How to repair Short Circuits Repair broken cable with splice units.

Replace damaged cable sections with new cable.

12.11 Base Station Testing



Smart Com 150/150ISConnect a Spectrum Analyzer to a spare Rx port on RNG-

RF16 or the BSC-HE. Monitor the Upstream band 170-185

MHz.

Spectrum Analyzer

Smart Com 450

Connect a Spectrum Analyzer to a spare Rx port on UHF-H00. Monitor the Upstream band 450-455 MHz.

12.12 Upstream Band



The Upstream band should look as shown below.

Upstream Band



It’s possible that you can hear

someone talking but not be able to

talk back. This indicates a problem

with the upstream communications.

12.13 Noisy Upstream Band



If noise is coming back to the Base Station from any or allof the LF branches it might look similar to below.

12.14 Downstream Band



It’s possible that someone can hear

you but you cannot talk back. This

indicates a problem with the

Downstream communications.

12.15 Noisy Downstream Band



Connect spectrum analyzer to the LF terminals at the Head

End.

13.0 Maintenance



13.1 Daily Maintenance

13.2 Monthly Maintenance

13.3 Annual Maintenance

13.1 Daily Maintenance



Use Remote Diagnostics (RD) each day.

Check for warnings and alarms.

The RD web server can be configured to send e-mail

when alarms are detected.

RD gives confidence in the system.

RD is easy to use, does not require a dedicated

computer and can support up to 50 simultaneous users.

13.2 Monthly Maintenance



1. Confirm Base Station operation:

1. Repeater transmitter levels

2. Clarity of voice communications

3. Noise in Upstream direction below -90 dBm

4. Head End circuit board Local Diagnostic LED’s OK

5. Verify backup batteries in place and on float charge

2. Test line components:

1. Amplifier and DC Supply Local Diagnostics LED’s OK

2. Verify backup batteries in place and on float charge

3. Verify minimum 30 meters communication range fromcable throughout mine.

13.3 Annual Maintenance



It is advised to perform a system audit on anannual basis. The audit verifies:

1. Remote Diagnostics configuration up to date withinstalled system.

2. Repeater sensitivity.3. Repeater transmit power and stability.

4. Head End splitter/combiner operation.

5. Downstream and Upstream noise floor.

6. Amplifier DC voltage and output levels.

7. Communication coverage and clarity, includingsurface.

Contact Information



Varis Mine Technology Ltd.

22 Brady Street, Unit 4

Sudbury, Canada P3E 6E1

[email protected]

Toll Free USA/Canada: 877-658-2747

Phone: 705-674-8111

Fax: 705-674-7834

smart com 150 manual english v5_14

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