Slum Upgrading Portfolio

Marrakech10 November, 2005

Slum Upgrading Portfolio

Total

Africa 12

Asia 14

MENA 06

LAC 17

Global 07

Total 5656

Evaluation of Completed Slum Upgrading Projects 2005

Desk EvaluationsNairobiSan SalvadorMexicoBarrio LegalLagosPhonm PenhSalvador, BahiaKoraat S’baaHousing Finance for the Poor

Field Evaluation Mozambique

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004

MozambiqueActivity Slum Upgrading and Vulnerability Reduction in Flood-

Prone Cities and Towns

Outcome New policy approach, based on “Living with Floods” Contribution to legislation on urban land markets Production of knowledge tools Follow-up activities (Maputo & Quelimane) with new

partners – World Bank, EU, DANIDA, Wateraid

Strength Highly innovative and participatory outcome Use of simple and appropriate technologies

Weakness No linkages to investment Weak involvement of other CA partners Extremely limited resources of Mozambican

municipalities

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004

San SalvadorActivity Improving the execution capacity for urban

upgrading in metropolitan San Salvador

Outcome Most outcomes did not materialise Activity became distracted with a wholly new

focus on urban crime and violence

Strength Good collaboration amongst CA members Attempt to overcome institutional confusion

Weakness Lack of a clear client/partner – activity was supply-driven

Activities were caught within government dispute Inadequate adherence to CA criteria

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004

Phnom PenhActivity Improving land tenure fro the urban poor

Outcome Not all recommendations implemented Influenced national housing policy, esp secure tenure Helped clarify interpretations of land law

Strength Recommendations to promote incremental tenure, preventing price increases and displacement;

Good use of local skills

Weakness Government unwilling to take binding decisions; Small team /consultant lacked critical mass; Poorly integrated with CDS process

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004

CWS message is gaining momentum CA Criteria reinforced:

CitywideInvestment linksCoherence of effort

Financial Model: Savings, Subsidy and Credit Informal sector outperforms public / private formal Slums remain big business – votes & rent Evictions still a threat – fine line between consultation & coercion Importance of flexible approaches to tenure Still hampered by lack of urban focus in PRS / CAS / UNDAF

Key Lessons – Slum Upgrading

Evaluation of Completed Projects 2004

Highlight costs of parallel markets created by policy failure: Increased cost of services Lost revenue Premium paid by poor Long term Governance problems

CG MEMBERS:

REINFORCE NEED TO PREVENT NEW SLUMSREINFORCE NEED TO PREVENT NEW SLUMS

Key Lessons – Slum Upgrading

Significant Emerging Initiatives

INDIAINDIA National Urban Renew Mission Allocation of $1bn p.a. Set of mandatory reforms and optional reforms Commence with City Development Plan Initial portfolio of 60 cities

EGYPTEGYPT 95% of population lives on 5% land Additional 26 million will urbanise by 2021 Fundamental rethink of urban policy (with CDS) WB, supported by UN-Habitat, GTZ and USAID

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA “Breaking New Ground” upgrading policy Consciously aims to integrate low-income communities MoU with Banking Council to invest R42 billion by 2008 September – “Social Contract for Rapid Housing Delivery” with private

sector

Cities Alliance Secretariat

Priorities for 2006:Priorities for 2006: Systematic approach to knowledge-

What works? Where? Why? Capture innovations Highlight cities/countries Setting targets Making budgetary allocations Reforming land markets

Work programme with WB Urban Anchor

Need active involvement of CA members

Http://www.citiesalliance.org