slug tests in pp- and pvp-holes at olkiluoto in 2013

Slug Tests in PP- and PVP-Holesat Olkiluoto in 2013

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POSIVA OY

Olki luoto

FI-27160 EURAJOKI, F INLAND

Phone (02) 8372 31 (nat. ) , (+358-2-) 8372 31 ( int. )

Fax (02) 8372 3809 (nat. ) , (+358-2-) 8372 3809 ( int. )

December 2014

Working Report 2014-59

El ias Pentti

December 2014

Working Reports contain information on work in progress

or pending completion.

El ias Pentti

Pöyry Finland Oy

Working Report 2014-59

Slug Tests in PP- and PVP-Holesat Olkiluoto in 2013

ABSTRACT

As part of the program for the final disposal of the nuclear fuel waste, Posiva Oy investigates the hydrological conditions at the Olkiluoto Island. The hydraulic conductivity in the shallow investigation holes OL-PP36, -PP39, -PVP4A, -PVP4B, -PVP6A, -PVP6B, -PVP14, -PVP30, -PVP31A, -PVP31B, -PVP32, -PVP33, -PVP34A, -PVP34B, -PVP36, -PVP37A, -PVP37B, -PVP37C, -PVP38A, -PVP38B, -PVP38C, and -PVP38D was measured in summer 2013. The length of PP-holes is between 12 m and 14 m, and the test sections (1 m) are located in the bedrock. PVP-tubes have an average length between 4–15 m, and the test sections (usually 2 m) are located in the overburden.

The measurements were carried out using the slug test technique with equipment renewed in 2010. In the slug test, the hydraulic head in the borehole is abruptly changed either by pouring water into the hole or by lowering the pressure sensor. The hydraulic conductivity is interpreted from the recovery of the water level. This report presents the field measurements and their interpretation. The interpretation has been done using the Hvorslev’s method, and for reference, conductivity has also been calculated according to the Thiem’s equation.

According to the results, hydraulic conductivity in the PP-holes ranges from 10-8 m/s to 4×10-6 and in the PVP-tubes from 10-7 m/s to 8×10-5 m/s. The observed range is quite similar to the preceding measurements in 2002 and 2004–2012. In general, the results are consistent with the results obtained in the earlier measurements, whereas some significant changes were also observed. In the groundwater tubes, this may have resulted from low groundwater table during the tests. In OL-PP36, an increase of conductivity was observed in sections 5.22–6.22 m and 6.22–7.22 m, while in section 8.22–9.22 m, the result decreased slightly. In OL-PP39, the results from sections 6.5–7.5 m and 8.5–9.5 m agree with earlier data, but in section 5.5–6.5 m the conductivity was interpreted to have increased remarkably.

The 2013 results agree relatively well with hydraulic conductivity interpreted from the pre-pumping done in connection with the groundwater sampling.

Keywords: Hydraulic conductivity, slug test, disposal of spent nuclear fuel, hydrology.

Vedenjohtavuuden slug-mittaukset PP- ja PVP-rei'issä Olkiluodossa 2013

TIIVISTELMÄ

Osana ydinjätteen loppusijoitustutkimusta Posiva Oy selvittää Olkiluodon saaren hydrologisia olosuhteita. Matalien reikien vedenjohtavuuksia mitattiin rei’istä OL-PP36, -PP39, -PVP4A, -PVP4B, -PVP6A, -PVP6B, -PVP14, -PVP30, -PVP31A, -PVP31B, -PVP32, -PVP33, -PVP34A, -PVP34B, -PVP36, -PVP37A, -PVP37B, -PVP37C, -PVP38A, -PVP38B, -PVP38C ja -PVP38D kesällä 2013. PP-reikien syvyys on 12 ja 14 m maanpinnasta, ja mittausjaksot (1 m) sijaitsevat kallion yläosassa. Mitatut PVP-reiät ovat keskimäärin 4–15 m syviä. Mittausvälit (useimmiten 2 m) ovat maapeiteosuudella.

Mittaukset suoritettiin käyttäen slug-tekniikkaa. Käytössä oli v. 2010 parannettu mittauslaitteisto. Mittauksessa kairareikään aiheutetaan ylipaine joko kaatamalla sinne vettä tai laskemalla paineanturia. Vedenjohtavuus lasketaan vedenpinnan palautumis-ajan perusteella. Tässä raportissa kuvataan kenttämittaukset ja niiden tulkinta. Mittaukset on tulkittu käyttäen Hvorslevin menetelmää ja tarkistusta varten vedenjohtavuus on laskettu myös Thiemin kaavalla.

Tulosten mukaan vedenjohtavuus PP-rei’issä vaihtelee välillä 10-8 m/s – 4×10-6 m/s ja PVP-rei’issä välillä 10-7 m/s – 8×10-5 m/s. Vaihteluväli on lähes sama kuin vuosien 2002 ja 2004 – 2012 mittauksissa. Pääosin tulkitut vedenjohtavuudet sopivat hyvin yhteen aiempien tulosten kanssa, mutta myös joitakin huomattavia muutoksia havaittiin. Pohjavesiputkissa syynä saattoi olla tavallista matalampi pohjaveden pinta mittausten aikana. Reiässä OL-PP36 vedenjohtavuuden havaittiin nousseen selvästi väleissä 5.22–6.22 m ja 6.22–7.22 m ja laskeneen hieman välissä 8.22–9.22 m. Reiässä OL-PP39 välien 6.5–7.5 m ja 8.5–9.5 m tulokset vastaavat hyvin aiempien vuosien mittauksia, mutta välissä 5.5–6.5 m vedenjohtavuuden tulkitaan nousseen huomattavasti.

Vuoden 2013 vedenjohtavuustulokset sopivat kohtuullisen hyvin myös pohjavesi-näytteenoton yhteydessä saatuihin esipumppauksista tulkittuihin vedenjohtavuuksiin.

Avainsanat: Vedenjohtavuus, slug-testi, käytetyn ydinpolttoaineen loppusijoitus, hydrologia.

PREFACE

This report is part of the program for the final disposal of the nuclear fuel waste on the island of Olkiluoto. The main aim of the study is to investigate the hydraulic conductivity close to the ground surface.

The field measurements were carried out by Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto, and Ilkka Vaarula from Posiva Oy, using the technique and equipment developed by PRG-Tec Oy (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004, Heikkinen 2010). The interpretation of the results and compilation of the report has been done at Pöyry Finland Oy by Elias Pentti. This work is done as part of the contract number 9118-14 by Posiva Oy. Susanna Aro has been the contact person at Posiva Oy.

1

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT TIIVISTELMÄ PREFACE

1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 3

2 FIELD MEASUREMENTS ........................................................................................ 5

2.1 MEASUREMENTS IN PP-HOLES ............................................................................. 7 2.2 MEASUREMENTS IN PVP-TUBES .......................................................................... 8

3 METHOD OF INTERPRETATION ......................................................................... 11

3.1 HVORSLEV’S METHOD ........................................................................................ 11 3.2 THIEM’S FORMULA ............................................................................................. 11

4 DATA PROCESSING ............................................................................................. 15

5 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 17

5.1 RESULTS IN 2013 .............................................................................................. 17 5.2 COMPARISON WITH EARLIER RESULTS ................................................................ 24

6 ON THE ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS ............................................................. 31

6.1 DETECTION LIMITS ............................................................................................. 31 6.2 EFFECT OF THE TIME INTERVAL USED IN INTERPRETATION ................................... 34 6.3 COMPARISON WITH THE PRE-PUMPING RESULTS ................................................. 36 6.4 EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL ..................................................................... 38

7 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 41

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 43

APPENDIX 1 MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT ............................................................. 47

APPENDIX 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA PROCESSING MACROS .................... 49

APPENDIX 3 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PP36 ................................... 53

APPENDIX 4 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PP39 ................................... 59

APPENDIX 5 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP4A ................................ 69

APPENDIX 6 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP4B ................................ 73

APPENDIX 7 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP6A ................................ 77

APPENDIX 8 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP6B ................................ 81

APPENDIX 9 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP14 ................................ 85

APPENDIX 10 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP30 .............................. 89

2

APPENDIX 11 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP31A ............................93

APPENDIX 12 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP31B ............................97

APPENDIX 13 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP32 .............................101


APPENDIX 15 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP34A ...........................109

APPENDIX 16 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP34B ...........................113



APPENDIX 19 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP37B ...........................125

APPENDIX 20 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP37C ...........................129


APPENDIX 22 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP38B .......................... 137

APPENDIX 23 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP38C .......................... 141

APPENDIX 24 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP38D .......................... 145

APPENDIX 25 SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS ......................................................... 149

APPENDIX 26 COMPARISON OF THE K- AND T-VALUES WITH THE PRE-PUMPING RESULTS ................................................................................................. 153

APPENDIX 27 CORRECTION TO PREVIOUS SLUG TEST REPORT ..................... 155

3

1 INTRODUCTION

As part of the program for the final disposal of the nuclear fuel waste, Posiva Oy investigates the prevailing hydrological conditions at the Olkiluoto Island. Since 2002, hydraulic testing has been carried out in the upper parts of the bedrock and in the overburden. The measurement technique applied has been the slug test technique using the equipment developed by PRG-Tec Oy (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004). Since 2010 the tests have been carried out with renewed equipment (Appendix 1). The slug tests are done in all new shallow holes. In addition, the slug tests are repeated yearly in the holes and tubes that belong to the monitoring program.

The results of previous measurement campaigns in 2002 and 2004–2012 are reported by Hellä & Heikkinen (2004), Tammisto et al. (2005), Tammisto & Lehtinen (2006), Keskitalo & Lindgren (2007), Keskitalo (2008 and 2009), Isola (2010), Hinkkanen (2011 and 2012), and Tammisto (2014). The latest slug test measurements were carried out in 2013, when PP-holes were measured in August and PVP-tubes in July and August. PP-holes represent the upper part of the bedrock, and PVP-tubes are located in the overburden.

This report describes these measurements, the method of interpretation, results and detection limits. The results of the measurements from different years are also compared. The descriptions of interpretation, data processing and detection limits are based on the first slug test report (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004).

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2 FIELD MEASUREMENTS

The field measurements were done in July and August 2013. The measured shallow drillholes and groundwater tubes are presented in Figure 2-1 and listed in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2. Drilling of the holes and the installation of the casings are reported by Lehto (2001), Niemi & Roos (2004) and Toropainen (2009 and 2012). Details of the studied holes and tubes are presented in Appendices 3 to 24. Groundwater tube OL-PVP35 was also intended to be measured on 6.8.2013, but the water level in the tube was too low.

All of the shallow drillholes and tubes measured in 2013 have also been measured earlier (see Table 5-2). OL-PP39 has been measured nine times (2004–2012), OL-PP36 seven times (2006–2012), PVP-tubes OL-PVP4A and OL-PVP4B have been measured ten times (2002 and 2004–2012), OL-PVP6A and OL-PVP6B eight times (2002, 2006–2012) and OL-PVP14 nine times (2004–2012). Groundwater tubes OL-PVP30, -31A, -31B, -32, -33, -34A, and -35B have been measured three times (2009–2011), and OL-PVP36, -PVP37A, -37B, -37C, -38A, -38B, -38C, and -38D once in 2012 after installation in the previous year 2011.

Figure 2-1. Locations of the shallow holes where slug tests have been done in summer 2013.

6

Table 2-1. Measured PP-holes, measurement times and operators.

Hole Diam. (mm)

Length (m) Date start Time start Date end Time end Operator

Drilling report

OL-PP36 56 12.05 27.8.2013 12:55 27.8.2013 14:23 Pauliina Alho, Ilkka Vaarula /Posiva Oy

Niemi & Roos 2004

OL-PP39 56 13.71 28.8.2013 10:00 28.8.2013 14:01 Pauliina Alho, Ilkka Vaarula /Posiva Oy

Niemi & Roos 2004

Table 2-2. Measured PVP-tubes, measurement times and main information of the measurements.

Hole Diam. (mm)

Length (m)/ perforated section (m) Date Time Operator

Pressure sensor

movement (m) Drilling report

OL-PVP4A 56 9.55/2 3.7.2013 13:07 Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto

/Posiva Oy 1.5 Lehto 2001

OL-PVP4B 56 8.00/2 3.7.2013 13:45 Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto






OL-PVP14 56 10.40/2 25.7.2013 12:19 Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto

/Posiva Oy 1.5 Niemi &

Roos 2004


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5

Toropainen 2009


/Posiva Oy 1.5 Toropainen

2012



2012



2012

OL-PVP37C 52 12.00/2 2.8.2013 13:39 Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto


2012



2012



2012

OL-PVP38C 52 12.70/2 6.8.2013 13.40 Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto


2012

OL-PVP38D 52 11.30/2 6.8.2013 14:02 Pauliina Alho, Iiro Kuusisto


2012

7

2.1 Measurements in PP-holes

The PP-holes have been measured using a one-meter test section between inflatable packers that are installed temporarily into the hole. The measurement is divided into three stages:

1. Stabilization: the water level is stabilized in the hole after moving the equipment.

2. Inflation: the pressure level is stabilized in the hole and in the test section after inflating the packers.

3. Measurement: the piston is either pushed or pulled in the test section or water is poured into it. In the measurement, the stabilisation of the pressure transient is followed up.

Each of the three stages has a specific duration, see Table 2-3. An example of the water levels at different measurement stages is shown in Figure 2-2.

Table 2-3. Duration of the measurement stages.

Stage Time minimum, min Time maximum, min 1 1 2 2 2 5 3 5 15

8

15:20 15:25 15:30 15:35 15:40 15:45

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

Pressure sensor of the measurement section

Pressure sensor of the hole waterlevel

OlkiluotoPP2

Stage1 Stage2 Stage3

Figure 2-2. An example of measurement results in a PP-hole.

2.2 Measurements in PVP-tubes

The groundwater observation tubes are measured without packers, using only the piston (pressure sensor). A PVC-tube is installed around the pressure sensor in order to increase the diameter of the piston and to generate an adequate pressure change after moving the piston. Only one measurement per each hole is made with this method as each hole consists of a plastic tube with a one to four meters perforated section installed in the overburden.

The measurement is divided into two stages, corresponding to Stage 1 and Stage 3 of the PP measurements, see Table 2-3. An example of the measurement is presented in Figure 2-3.

9

14:30 14:35 14:40 14:45 14:50

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Pressure sensor of the hole waterlevel

OlkiluotoPVP3A

Stage1 Stage3

Figure 2-3. An example of measurement results in a PVP-tube.

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3 METHOD OF INTERPRETATION

3.1 Hvorslev’s method

The slug test results were interpreted using Hvorslev’s method (Freeze & Cherry 1979). A homogeneous, isotropic, infinite medium in which both soil and water are incompressible is assumed. This assumption is valid, when a fracture or the network of fractures is homogenous and planar (can be seen in the analysis as a linear behaviour). According to Hvorslev, the flow rate q at time t is related to the hydraulic conductivity K and to the unrecovered head difference H−h (H reference water level, h head at time t) according to following equation:

,)( 2 hHFKdt

dhrtq (Equation 3-1.)

where r is the radius of the hole and F depends on the shape and dimensions of the piezometer. The flow rate will decrease asymptotically to zero with increasing time. Solution of the differential equation 3-1 is

0/0

TteHHhH (Equation 3-2.)

with initial condition h = H0 at t = 0, and the basic time lag T0 defined as

FK

rT

2

0

. (Equation 3-3.)

Plotting the normalized head recovery (H−h) / (H−H0) on a logarithmic scale against time results in a straight line, if a fracture or aquifer under measurement is ideal i.e. homogeneous, planar and cylinder-symmetric. The basic time lag T0 can be defined from the plot being the time t, when ln (H−h)/(H−H0) = −1. The shape factor suggested by Hvorslev can be applied if L/R > 8 (L length and R radius of the piezometer intake). The resulting equation for the hydraulic conductivity K is

0

2

2

ln

LT

RLrK . (Equation 3-4.)

Figure 3-1 clarifies the notation used in the equations above.

3.2 Thiem’s formula

For reference, the hydraulic conductivity K was also calculated based on Thiem’s formula:

hL

rrQK W

2

ln 0 . (Equation 3-5.)

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In Equation 3-5, Q is the flow rate (= Adh/dt, where A is the void area between connection rods and the pressure cable, see Figure 3-1, and dh change in head during the time interval dt), r0 is the radius of influence assumed to be 14 m, rw is radius of the drillhole, L is the length of the test section and h is the overpressure, i.e., the head difference to the reference water level in the test section.

In the interpretation of slug test results, different time intervals dt was used for tight intervals with hardly any observed recovery and intervals with clear recovery i.e. in the case of clear observed flow, hydraulic conductivity is interpreted based on head change on a short interval dt in the middle of the recovery period. As the recovery is not linear, the result is sensitive to the selection of the time interval used in interpretation (see Figure 3-2 a). If there is hardly any flow, a longer time interval equal to one third of the recovery period is used (see Figure 3-2 b). Slow recovery is approximately linear and the Thiem’s formula gives a reliable estimation of the hydraulic conductivity.

t inf inity

Ht = 0

H0

L

t+dtdh

h

t

packers

pressure sensor

PC

supporting rods

pressure cable

hole

Figure 3-1. Principle of the slug test and interpretation according to Hvorslev’s method (modified after Freeze and Cherry 1979).

13

a)

t0 tend

h1

t1

h2

t2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

t (s)

wat

er le

vel h

(m

, bel

ow g

roun

d le

vel)

b)

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

t (s)

wa

ter

leve

l h (

m, b

elo

w g

rou

nd

leve

l)

tendt1 t2

h1h2

t0

Figure 3-2. Calculation of the hydraulic conductivity according to Thiem’s formula: in case of a) a clear recovery and b) a tight interval with very slow recovery.

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4 DATA PROCESSING

For the interpretation of the first measurements in 2002, a set of Microsoft Excel macros was developed (see Appendix 2 for details) (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004). The initial macro has been used in the interpretation of the former measurements in 2004–2009. The measurements in 2010–2013 were carried out with the renewed equipment (Appendix 1), and thus the structure of the data was changed slightly. Therefore, some minor changes related to the starting values had to be done to the original macro. The actual analysis of the results uses a template file (Excel worksheet), which contains the necessary formulas and graph templates (see Appendices 3 to 24). The figures on the template include a graph of the measured water level both in the measurement hole and in the test section. Another figure depicts the interpretation i.e. (H−h)/(H−H0) is plotted on a logarithmic scale as a function of time. In the latter figure also the fitted line through the measured points is plotted. The macro copies the data from the measurement file to the analysis template file. The functions and images in the template file are modified automatically. Further on, the results, the K-values by Hvorslev’s method and the two K-values obtained by Thiem’s formula, together with some comments are copied to a separate result file.

The reference for all depth values in the results is the ground level whereas in the data files the reference is the top of the casing (TOC). The subtraction of the TOC is done automatically by the macros. The reference water level H is determined as the average water level during phase one—Figure 2-2 and Figure 3-1 are referred to for the notation. Phase one is used as the water level during it is more stable than during phase two. H0, the water level at the test section after the disturbance, either adding water or lowering the pressure sensor in the drillhole, is defined to be h at 10 (PP-holes) or 20 (PVP-tubes) time steps after the minimum observed h. The minimum is not used as the data is very noisy immediately after lowering the sensor. A disadvantage is that potentially part of the recovery period on highly conductive intervals is lost. An example is given in Figure 4-1. It is also possible to manually adjust the time interval used for line fitting, which is sometimes necessary because the lowering of the water level does not obey the theoretical exponential decay law. The time range used is shown in the interpretation plot.

16

min h

t0

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

53870 53880 53890 53900

t (s)

wat

er le

vel h

(m

, bel

ow g

roun

d le

vel)

Figure 4-1. An example of the water level changes in the test section at the time of lowering the pressure sensor. The minimum of h (the highest water level) is marked by “min h”.

A straight line is fitted through ln(H−h)/(H−H0) as a function of time. The time interval used for the fitting is from t0, the time corresponding H0, to tend corresponding either the end time of the test period or the time when (H−h)/(H−H0) reaches 0.1 or the time when (H−h)/(H−H0) becomes negative. This might happen if the data is noisy at the end of the measurement. The basic time lag T0 needed for the Hvorslev analysis is then calculated from the resulting line equation. Thereafter the hydraulic conductivity K can be derived from Equation 3-4. The time instants used in the Thiem’s formula are determined as described in Chapter 3.2 and in Figure 3-2. The water levels h1 and h2 corresponding the times t1 and t2 are calculated as an average of eleven observed h values around time t. Average is used to compensate the possibly noisy data. Once the corresponding h and t values are defined, an average head difference to borehole can be calculated together with the outflow Q. These are then further used to calculate the hydraulic conductivity K according to Equation 3-5. To check the correctness of the interpretation, the quotient of the hydraulic conductivities KHvorslev / KThiem is calculated. If the ratio is between 1/3 and three, these two results are considered to be in accordance. On most of the tight intervals, T0 is not reached meaning that the value of T0 has to be extrapolated outside the observed time range and the result is thus more uncertain than in cases when T0 is reached during the observation period.

17

5 RESULTS

5.1 Results in 2013

K-values (m/s) obtained from slug measurements give information about hydraulic conductivity in the soil where test sections are located. Hydraulic conductivity K expresses the linear proportionality of the Darcy velocity to the gradient of hydraulic head of groundwater. Porosity and structure of the sediment/rock, fractures in rock, grain size, shape and sorting in sediment, and the way K is calculated from experimental data, will affect the value of K. Table 5-1 presents typical ranges of K for different kinds of soil and rock, discovered in numerous field studies and laboratory measurements over the years. Even in a certain kind of soil or rock, the hydraulic conductivity can vary by several orders of magnitude, and the ratio between coarse gravel and the most impervious rocks and clays is in the billions.

Table 5-1. Typical ranges of hydraulic conductivity for different types of soil and rock. (Niemi et al. 1994, Mälkki 1999)

Sediment type/rock type K range (m/s) Coarse gravel > 0.1 Medium gravel 0.01–0.1 Fine gravel 0.001–0.01 Sandy gravel 10−6–10−2 Sand 10−6–10−2 Coarse sand 10−4–10−1 Medium sand 10−5–10−2 Fine sand 10−6–10−3 Silt 10−9–10−5 Coarse silt 10−6–10−4 Fine silt 10−8–10−5 Clay < 10−8 Gravelly till 10−7–10−4 Sandy till 10−8–10−6 Silty till 10−9–10−7 Fractured igneous rock and metamorphic rock

10−6–10−4

Igneous rock and metamorphic rock with very little fractures

< 10−9

Schist < 10−8 Sandstone 10−10–10−7

The interpretation of the hydraulic conductivities in each of the measured holes and sections are presented in Appendices 3 to 24. Three types of recovery curves are observed: a tight section with hardly any recovery, a section with clear recovery

18

resulting in a linear trend on the semi-log plot and a section with rapid recovery, which is not linear on the semi-log plot. An example of each type is given in Figure 5-1.

Figure 5-2 presents a summary of the results in PP-holes, and Figure 5-3 and Figure 5-4 contain the summary of the results in PVP-tubes. In PP-holes, the test section is one meter along the hole. In PVP-tubes, the entire hole is measured without packers. The results represent the perforated section, which is one metre in OL-PVP30 and OL-PVP33 and two metres in the other PVP-tubes measured in 2013. OL-PVP33 and OL-PVP38D are not included in the diagrams, because their respective measurement data could not be interpreted.

All the PP-holes and PVP-tubes measured on the island of Olkiluoto are presented in Table 5-2. Altogether 12 PP-holes, 51 PVP-tubes and 4 HP-tubes have been measured. The latest measurements in 2013 included 2 PP-holes and 20 PVP-tubes. As the number of measured holes is rather small, the results of a single hole affect considerably the distributions for a single year shown in Figures 5-5 and 5-6.

Any earlier measurements available from the holes measured in 2013 are given in Table 5-2. The results from 2013 are compared with the earlier results in Figures 5-7, 5-8, 5-9 and in Appendix 25.

19

a)

b)

c)

Figure 5-1. Type of the observed recovery curves, a) a tight section with hardly any recovery, b) a section with clear recovery resulting in a linear trend on the semi-log plot and c) a section with rapid recovery, which is not linear on the semi-log plot.

20

Figure 5-2. Hydraulic conductivity (logarithm of KHvorslev in m/s) in PP-holes.

21

Fig

ure

5-3

. H

ydra

ulic

con

duct

ivit

y (l

ogar

ithm

of

KH

vors

lev

in m

/s)

in P

VP

-tub

es.

The

per

fora

ted

sect

ion

is t

wo

met

res

exce

pt i

nO

L-P

VP

30 o

ne m

etre

.

22

Fig

ure

5-4

. Hyd

raul

ic c

ondu

ctiv

ity

(log

arit

hm o

f KH

vors

lev i

n m

/s)

in P

VP

-tub

es. T

he p

erfo

rate

d se

ctio

n is

two

met

ers.

23

Table 5-2. Slug test measurements carried out on Olkiluoto Island during 2002–2013. The holes which were originally included in the monitoring programme are shown in bold.

Hole/Tube Measured Note OL-PP2 2002, 2004 collapsed OL-PP3 2002 collapsed OL-PP5 2002, 2005, 2006 OL-PP7 2002 OL-PP9 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 OL-PP10 2002 OL-PP31 2002 OL-PP32 2002 destroyed OL-PP35 2002 not found

OL-PP36 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PP38 2004 destroyed

OL-PP39 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PVP2 2004 drilled bedrock hole OL-PVP3A 2002, 2007 OL-PVP3B 2002, 2007

OL-PVP4A 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PVP4B 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PVP5A 2002 destroyed OL-PVP5B 2002 destroyed

OL-PVP6A 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PVP6B 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PVP7A 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP8A 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP8B 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP9A 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP9B 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP9C 2002, 2010 failed in 2010 OL-PVP10A 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP10B 2002, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP11 2004, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP12 2004, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP13 2004, 2007

24

Hole/Tube Measured Note

OL-PVP14 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

OL-PVP17 2005, 2007, 2010 failed in 2010 OL-PVP18A 2005, 2007 OL-PVP18B 2005, 2007 OL-PVP19 2005, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP20 2005, 2007, 2010 OL-PVP21 2008 OL-PVP22 2008 OL-PVP23 2008 OL-PVP24 2008 OL-PVP25 2008 OL-PVP26 2008 OL-PVP27 2008 OL-PVP28 2008 OL-PVP29 2008 OL-PVP30 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 OL-PVP31A 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 OL-PVP31B 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 OL-PVP32 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 OL-PVP33 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 OL-PVP34A 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 OL-PVP34B 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013

OL-PVP35 2011 water table too low in 2013

OL-PVP36 2012, 2013 OL-PVP37A 2012, 2013 OL-PVP37B 2012, 2013 OL-PVP37C 2012, 2013 OL-PVP38A 2012, 2013 OL-PVP38B 2012, 2013 OL-PVP38C 2012, 2013 OL-PVP38D 2012, 2013 OL-HP1 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 OL-HP2 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 OL-HP3 2009, 2010, 2012 OL-HP4 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012

5.2 Comparison with earlier results

The cumulative distributions of the measured hydraulic conductivities are presented in Figures 5-5 and 5-6 including also the results from 2002 and 2004–2012. In PP-holes, the cumulative distribution of the latest measurements agrees quite well with the results from 2004 and 2007–2011 (Figure 5-5). The results from PVP-tubes from different

25

years do not agree very well, because the measurements from different years have included partly different tubes (Figure 5-6). In fact, there have only been a couple of tubes that have been measured every year (Table 5-2). That explains why results are quite widely scattered around the average cumulative distribution curve. The diagram shows that in 2013 the conductivities in the overburden were notably lower than the average cumulative distribution calculated from all results since 2002. In 2004 and 2011 the results were higher whereas in 2002, 2005, 2006, and 2012 they were lower than average. The results from 2007– 2010 seem to follow the average distribution.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1.0E-11 1.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04

Fre

quen

cy %

KHvorslev (m/s)

PP cumulative distribution of K

2002 results 2004 results 2005 results 2006 results


2011 results 2012 results 2013 results 2002, 2004-2013

Figure 5-5. Cumulative distribution of the hydraulic conductivities (Hvorslev) in the PP-holes.

26

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03

Fre

quen

cy %

K (m/s)

PVP and HP cumulative distribution of K



2011 results 2012 results 2013 results 2002, 2004-2013

Figure 5-6. Cumulative distribution of the hydraulic conductivities (determined by the Hvorslev method) in the PVP- and the HP-tubes. The tubes where the perforated section is other than two meters are marked with red circles.

Looking at the time series of slug results at individual holes and tubes, the results of 2013 agree quite well with previous ones in some cases, but there also are several cases where a significantly different value has now been obtained.

Figure 5-7 presents the slug results from four sections of OL-PP36 that have been measured yearly since 2006. In 2013, the data from the slug test of the section centered at 7.67 m could not be interpreted to calculate a K value. In the deepest section between 8.22–9.22 m, the latest result is close to the values obtained in 2006 and 2010, whereas in the two uppermost measured sections, 5.22–6.22 and 6.22–7.22 m, the results suggest a notable increase of conductivity. Actually, it seems as if K in these sections would now be close to the previous results for the sections one meter lower. The reason for these changes, and for the relatively large K values of the deepest section obtained in 2007–2009, may be that there are some conductive fractures that intersect the hole at points that have not always been in the nominally same measuring section. Alternatively, the condition of the drillhole may have worsened. It was found to be clogged at the depth of about 5 m during groundwater sampling one week before the slug test.

27

1.E-10

1.E-09

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)

Year

OL-PP36

PP36 (5.67m) PP36 (6.67m) PP36 (7.67m) PP36 (8.67m)

Figure 5-7. Results from OL-PP36 measured in 2013 and previous years starting in 2006. The depth mentioned in brackets is the middle point of a test section.

In OL-PP39, slug tests were carried out in seven sections, but only three of them produced data that could be reasonably interpreted. For some unknown reason, in three other tests the water level remained constant throughout the measuring time (see Appendix 4) in sections where a detectable recovery was observed in the previous tests in 2012. Figure 5-8 presents the obtained values together with the results from previous years. The latest results for the sections centered at about 7 and 9 m are close to the averages of the respective time series. By contrast, the K value for the section at about 6 m is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the rather consistent results from 2006–2011. It may be a coincidence that the anomalously large value is almost equal to the result for the next section below, but it also is a plausible explanation that there is a conductive fracture that was included in the measuring section in 2013 but not before.

There is more variation in low K-values than in higher ones. There are two main reasons for this: 1) the accuracy of slug measurement equipment is not high enough for very small values and measurement method errors become more significant in very small conductivities and 2) the macro that calculates K-values may give relatively different values depending on variation of measurement time and error factors on the result curve. Minor difference in the water-level-curve may result to a very different K-value. Furthermore, because the water level lowers so slowly in poorly conducting soil, 15 minutes of measurement time is not enough to provide reliable result. Also the calculating time should be the same every year.

28

1.E-10

1.E-09

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)

Year

OL-PP39

PP39 (4.95m) PP39 (5.95m) PP39 (6.95m) PP39 (7.95m)

PP39 (8.95m) PP39 (9.95m) PP39 (10.95m) PP39 (11.95m)

Figure 5-8. Results from OL-PP39 measured in 2013 and previous years starting in 2004. The depth mentioned in brackets is the middle point of a test section.

In PVP-tubes, variation is rather small in most tubes but there are some tubes where the interpreted hydraulic conductivity varies by an order of magnitude or more. Figure 5-9 presents the results from the tubes that were measured in 2013 and from which there are at least two results from previous years. In OL-PVP4A, -PVP4B, and -PVP34A the results have remained essentially stable. In OL-PVP6A, the latest value is somewhat larger than the almost equal results from 2006–12, whereas in OL-PVP6B, a notable decrease is observed. In OL-PVP30, -PVP31A, and -PVP34B, the time series is quite scattered and the latest result is the smallest one obtained so far. In OL-PVP14, the slug results appeared to decrease towards a stable level during 2004–2010, but in the last three years, the values have been more scattered and slightly increasing. The largest changes have been obtained in OL-PVP31B, where the results of 2011 and 2013 are almost 103 times larger than the values obtained in 2009 and 2010. In OL-PVP32 the results have earlier also varied by three orders of magnitude, but now an intermediate value was obtained.

29

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)

Year

PVP-tubes

OL-PVP4A (depth 6.55 m) OL-PVP4B (depth 3 m) OL-PVP6A (depth 4.83 m)

OL-PVP6B (depth 2.83 m) OL-PVP14 (depth 7.5 m) OL-PVP30 (depth 1.3 m)

OL-PVP31A (depth 3.7 m) OL-PVP31B (depth 2.6 m) OL-PVP32 (depth 1.2 m)

OL-PVP34A (depth 4.1 m) OL-PVP34B (depth 2.2 m)

Figure 5-9. Results from the PVP-tubes measured in 2013 and at least twice in the earlier measurements in 2002 and 2004–2012.

31

6 ON THE ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS

6.1 Detection limits

In the measurements of 2013, the interpreted hydraulic conductivities range from 10-8 m/s to 4×10-6 m/s in the PP-holes and from 10-7 m/s to 8×10-5 m/s in the PVP-tubes. In the following, the detection limits are discussed.

The accuracy of the water level obtained by the pressure sensor is 1–2 mm. By analysing the recovery in some of the tight intervals it was noticed that the change in water level has to be at least 5 mm, so that it can be distinguished from the noise. In the lowest measured K-values (10-9 – 10-10 m/s) the water level change was barely 5 mm in 15 minutes, so a longer time than the constant 15 minutes would be needed to have more reliable results. The recovery period varies from 200 s to 1000 s, so that in the slowest cases, it can be longer than the measurement time and must be determined by extrapolation. Taking the geometry of the tool and the hole into account this leads to minimum observable flow of 2×10-9 – 8×10-9 m3/s (30 ml/h) in PP-holes. The overpressure is typically 1.5 m and test section 1.0 m leading to hydraulic conductivity 1×10-9 – 5×10-9 m/s according to Thiem’s formula. Consequently, the lower detection limit in PP-holes is about 5×10-9 m/s, which corresponds to the transmissivity of 5×10-9

m2/s. The diameter of the PVP-tubes and the instrument used are different and the minimum observable flow is 2.5×10-8 m3/s. A typical overpressure is 1.5 m leading to the transmissivity of 2×10-8 m2/s. The minimum detection limit is thus 1×10-8 m/s in tubes with 2 m long perforated section.

The upper limit of the measurement range is not as clear as the lower limit. In PP-holes, the maximum observable transmissivity is estimated to be in the order of 5×10-5 m2/s, which leads to hydraulic conductivity of 5×10-5 m/s in 1 m test section. This value is deduced assuming a steel rod with a diameter of 2.5 cm, including the pressure sensor hose inside the rod with a diameter of about half of the steel rod, and further more overpressure of 2 m and a 2 m decrease in water level within 10 seconds. The observed conductivity can be higher as the flow is not necessarily steady-state as assumed in the estimation of the detection limit. In PVP-tubes, the geometry is different and the typical overpressure 1.5 m, resulting in the transmissivity of 1.6×10-4 m2/s. In PVP-tubes with 2 m long perforated section, the upper limit of hydraulic conductivity is thus 8.0×10-5 m/s. The diameter of PP-holes is 46 mm or 56 mm. The detection limits are calculated to 46 mm holes but are practically the same for 56 mm holes. In the 2013 results, the highest observed hydraulic conductivity in the PP-holes is 3.75×10-6 m/s in OL-PP39 at the depth of 6.5–7.5 m (Appendix 4), where the water level in the test section decreased 1 m in 2 minutes. The conductivity value agrees well with previous results for the same section range with the exception of the value of 1.2×10-6 m/s obtained in 2012. After lowering the sensor there is a period of about 2–3 seconds when the water level is unstable. The interpretation can be started first after more stable conditions are reached so the recovery period should last at least 5 seconds. During the first seconds the water table already decreases noticeably on sections with high conductivity. The overpressure

32

H0 used in the interpretation is, therefore, considerably less than the theoretical value of 2 m, as the example shows. In the 2013 results, the highest observed conductivity in the PVP-tubes is 8.18×10-5 m/s (OL-PVP31B, see Appendix 12). About the same limits are obtained by comparing the hydraulic conductivities resulting from the interpretations using the two methods, Hvorslev and Thiem. In general, the hydraulic conductivities calculated according to Thiem’s equation and according to Hvorslev’s method seem to be well in accordance, see Figure 6-1. The results from the PP-holes agree extremely well when the conductivity is larger than about 5×10-8 m/s. In these cases T0 is reached during the observation period. When the hydraulic conductivity is small, i.e., hardly no recovery is observed, the results obtained by the two methods are slightly different, KThiem being approximately two to three times larger than KHvorslev. In the PVP-tubes, higher conductivities are observed, and the interpreted hydraulic conductivities according to two methods match relatively well. The coefficient of correlation (R2), which measures the linear relationship between ln(H−h) / (H−H0) and time t, decreases clearly when the hydraulic conductivity in the PP-holes is less than 1×10-8 m/s. In the earlier years the correlation slightly decreases in the PVP-tubes when the hydraulic conductivity is less than 1×10-6 m/s. In the 2013 results, the correlation is relatively good both in the PP-holes and in the PVP-holes (Figure 6-2).

33

a)

1.0E-10

1.0E-09

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-041.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04

KT

hie

m(m

/s)

KHvorslev (m/s)

Ø = 56 mm 2002 results 2004 results 2005 results 2006 results 2007 results

2008 results 2009 results 2010 results 2011 results 2012 results 2013 results

b)

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-031.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03

KT

hie

m(m

/s)

KHvorslev (m/s)



2011 results 2012 results 2013 results

Figure 6-1. Comparison of the hydraulic conductivities calculated by the Hvorslev’s method and using Thiem’s formula a) in the PP-holes (the holes with diameter 56 mm are marked with red circles), and b) in the PVP- and the HP-tubes.

34

a)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.01.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04

R2

KHvorslev (m/s)

2002 results 2004 results 2005 results 2006 results2007 results 2008 results 2009 results 2010 results2011 results 2012 results 2013 results

b)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.01.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03

R2

KHvorslev (m/s)



2011 results 2012 results 2013 results

Figure 6-2. R2 as a function of hydraulic conductivity K in a) the PP-holes and b) the PVP- and the HP-tubes.

6.2 Effect of the time interval used in interpretation

As Figure 6-1 shows, the hydraulic conductivity by the Hvorslev’s method is normally less than the one obtained by the Thiem’s formula in PP-holes. This is mainly due to the way how the time interval used in the interpretation is chosen. The choice of the time interval can also be a significant source of error in cases of rapid or irregular recovery.

35

If the recovery does not obey the theoretical exponential decay law, the time interval is manually chosen by the person doing the analysis so that a sufficiently regular part of the data is used for fitting. This has proven to be the main reason for variation between results obtained in different years. If the used time interval is different from an earlier year, then the K-value is also different even when the observed lowering water level curve would be exactly the same. Selection of the starting time affects also the H0, the reference water level. Figure 6-3 presents an example of the effect of the selected time range. In the result figures (Appendices 3 to 24), the time range used in the interpretation according to the Thiem’s formula and in the Hvorslev’s method is therefore shown.

3) KHvorslev negative, KThiem = 1.5E-6 m/s

2) KHvorslev = 2.3E-6 m/s, KThiem = 2.0E-6 m/s

1) KHvorslev = 2.3E-6 m/s, KThiem = 2.8E-6 m/s

-0.5

-0.1

0.3

0.7

1.1

1.5

54500 54600 54700 54800 54900 55000

t (s)

wat

er le

vel h

(m

, bel

ow g

roun

d le

vel)

Open borehole Measurement Section Intervals

1

2

3

0.1

1.0

10.054500 54600 54700 54800 54900 55000 55100

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

Figure 6-3. An example how the time selected for the interpretation affects the resulting hydraulic conductivity. Three time intervals were used each corresponding to approximately one third of the recovery. The example is from OL-PP2 at the depth of 19.42 m (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004). The interpreted values for this section were KHvorslev 1.1×10-6 m/s and KThiem 8.1×10-7 m/s. For the interval 3 the interpretation according to the Hvorslev’s method failed as the T0 gets negative.

36

6.3 Comparison with the pre-pumping results

Some of the holes studied by the slug method in 2013 were also used for groundwater sampling during April–August. These holes are OL-PP36, -PP39, -PVP4A, -PVP14, -PVP36, -PVP30, -PVP31A, -PVP36, -PVP37A, -PVP37B, -PVP37C, -PVP38A, -PVP38B, -PVP38C, and -PVP38D. Before taking the groundwater samples, the hole is pre-pumped for a certain period of time, typically for a few hours. The yield (l/min) and the change in the water table (m) are measured, which provides a way to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the surroundings of the hole. Using the pumping information and the length of the test section (either the part of the hole below the water table or the perforated section in the groundwater observation tubes), hydraulic conductivity can be estimated according to the Thiem’s formula (Equation 3-5). These values were compared to the conductivities interpreted from the slug tests. In case of the PP-holes (OL-PP36 and OL-PP39), where the slug tests were performed on 1-metre test sections, the mean of the successfully measured conductivities was used for the comparison of the K values, and the sum of the obtained T values to compare transmissivities. Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5 show plots of the results since 2002, and Appendix 26 present the 2013 pumping results in numerical form.

PP7

PVP9B

PVP3B

PP38

PVP14

PP5

PP9

PVP4B

PVP20

PP5PP36

PVP3A

PVP10BPVP11

PP9PVP12

PVP4A

PP36 PP36

PVP23

PVP27

PVP29

PVP30

PVP31B

PVP32

PP36

PP39

PVP4A

PVP9B

PVP10A

PVP10B

PVP12

PVP14

PVP20

PP36

PP39

PVP4A

PVP14

PVP30 PVP31A

PVP31B

PVP32

PVP34A

PVP34B

PP36

PVP36

PVP37A

PVP38C

PVP38D

PP36

PP39

PVP4A

PVP14 PVP30PVP31A

PVP36PVP37A

PVP37B

PVP37C

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-031.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03

Slu

g te

st, K

Th

iem

(m/s

)

Pre-pumping, KThiem (m/s)

2002 results 2004 results 2005 results 2006 results 2007 results 2008 results

2009 results 2010 results 2011 results 2012 results 2013 results

Figure 6-4. Comparison of the hydraulic conductivities obtained by the interpretation of the slug tests (an average conductivity of the entire hole) and from the results of pre-pumping in connection with groundwater sampling.

37

OL-PP36

OL-PP36

OL-PP36

OL-PP36

OL-PP36

OL-PP36

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-031.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03

Slu

g te

st, T

(m2 /

s)

Pre-pumping, T (m2/s)



Figure 6-5. Comparison of the transmissivities in OL-PP36 and OL-PP39 obtained by the interpretation of the slug tests (sum of the T values of the measured 1-metre sections) and from the results of pre-pumping in connection with groundwater sampling.

The results from the pre-pumping agree quite well with those from the slug tests, although there are also some exceptions (Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5) (Tuominen 1998, Hatanpää 2002, Kröger 2004, Hellä & Heikkinen 2004, Hirvonen 2005, Tammisto et al. 2005, Tammisto & Lehtinen 2006, Lehtinen et al. 2006, Partamies et al. 2007, Keskitalo & Lindgren 2007, Keskitalo 2008–2009, Partamies et al. 2008, Pitkänen et al. 2009, Isola 2010, Penttinen et al. 2011, Penttinen et al. 2013 & 2014abc, Hinkkanen 2011–2012, Tammisto 2014). In general, the pre-pumping values are usually slightly smaller than the slug results. This results from the longer duration of the pre-pumping in comparison with the slug test. Although the radius of influence r0 is assumed to be constant, it actually increases gradually with the duration of the pumping, which leads to a decrease in the flow and a smaller calculated conductivity. If the pre-pumping values are higher, it is possible that there is a conductive fracture outside the section measured in slug tests that affects the pre-pumping that measures the whole open drillhole. Another reason could be that dirty or clayey water blocks small holes in a measurement section during a slug test while the flow towards the hole during pre-pumping clears the holes.

38

In 2013, the pre-pumping results correlate quite well with the slug test results except for OL-PP36, OL-PP39, OL-PVP37C, and OL-PVP31A (Appendix 23). In OL-PP36, the prepumping result is an order of magnitude higher than the slug test result, as it has also been in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2012. It is very likely that there is a conductive fracture outside the part of the hole measured in the slug tests. The test sections in the slug test were between 5.22–9.22 m, whereas the prepumping measures the whole open drillhole which is 12 meters long of which over 8 meters is below the water level. 6.4 Effect of groundwater level

In the end of summer 2013, at the time when most of the slug tests were conducted, groundwater table at Olkiluoto was unusually low. During the analysis of the test results, it was noticed that in some PVP-tubes, the initial water level had been very close or even within the perforated test section of the tube and that the interpreted result differed notably from previous data. The data from the test in OL-PVP33 was not possible to interpret at all (see Appendix 14), and the planned slug test in OL-PVP35 was cancelled because the water level in the tube was too low. The possible connection between groundwater table and results of slug tests was investigated by combining the interpreted K values and groundwater tables in the measured tubes from the past years. Figure 6-6 presents slug results as a function of groundwater table at the time of the test, showing data from the tubes that have been measured in 2013 and at least twice during previous years. The groundwater table in the graph is expressed as the height of water above the midpoint of the measurement section, which is 1 m long in OL-PVP30 and OL-PVP35, and 2 m in others.

1E‐8

1E‐7

1E‐6

1E‐5

1E‐4

‐2 ‐1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Slug test K(m

/s)

Water table above midpoint of measurement section (m)

PVP4A

PVP4B

PVP6A

PVP6B

PVP14

PVP30

PVP31A

PVP31B

PVP32

PVP33

PVP34A

PVP34B

2013 resultsfailed

Figure 6-6. Results of slug tests in PVP-tubes as a function of initial water table relative to the test section. Red circles mark the results of 2013.

39

The graph above indicates rather clearly that groundwater table has an effect on slug results or their interpretation. In five tubes where water level has been at least 2 metres above the midpoint of the measuring section in every slug test (OL-PVP4A, -4B, -6A, -14, and -34A), the results from different years vary much less than in the other tubes. The largest differences of results from the same tube have occurred in OL-PVP32, where the water level has been in the lower half of the measuring section during each slug test, and in OL-PVP31B, where the water level has varied between 0.5 m below to 1 m above the top of the measuring section. In both of these holes, the largest interpreted K-values are about three orders of magnitude larger than the smallest. This is likely to result from different choices of the time interval used in the interpretation of irregular measurement data.

In conclusion, it appears that one of the reasons for large differences between slug test results from different years is that the initial water level in the groundwater tube is too close to the measurement section. It is conceivable that the observed recovery rate (and consequently the interpreted hydraulic conductivity) actually depends very strongly on the initial water level in these cases, or that the recovery curve deviates from the assumed ideal time-dependence in a way that makes its interpretation ambiguous.

41

7 CONCLUSIONS

Slug tests were performed in several shallow PP-holes and PVP-tubes at Olkiluoto during the summer 2013. The measurements were carried out using the same technique developed by PRG-Tec Oy as in the measurements in 2002, 2004–2012 (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004, Tammisto et al. 2005, Tammisto & Lehtinen 2006, Keskitalo & Lindgren 2007, Keskitalo 2008, 2009, Isola 2010, Hinkkanen 2011 and 2012, Tammisto 2013). The equipment in use was a renewed version from the year 2010 (Hinkkanen 2011).

The measurement results were interpreted by the Hvorslev’s method. For comparison, the conductivity was also calculated using the Thiem’s formula. The interpretation was done by using MS-Excel macros written for the purpose. The analysis method is easy to use and quick as manual work is hardly needed for the file operations.

According to the measurements conducted in 2013, hydraulic conductivities in the PP-holes range from 10-8 m/s to 4×10-6 m/s and in the PVP-tubes from 10-7 m/s to 8×10-5 m/s. The range is quite similar to the one in the measurements of the years 2002 and 2004–2012. With the applied technique, hydraulic conductivities in the range 4×10-10 – 5×10-5 m/s in the PP-holes and 10-8 – 7×10-5 m/s in the PVP/HP-tubes can be detected, so that some of the results of 2013 are at the upper limit of the method. The detection limits of hydraulic conductivity depend on the length of the test sections and the overpressure used.

The results from the holes and tubes measured in 2013 were analysed and compared with the results from the earlier measurements. In general, the results of repeated measurements are quite close to each other, but there are some groundwater tubes with variations of up to three orders of magnitude. Variation in results of different years can be explained by disturbance factors in measurement, limited range of accuracy of the slug test method, and the different way the MS-Excel macro analyzes water-level recovery curves when the user manually sets the applied time interval.

In OL-PP36, measurement data from only three packer sections could be interpreted. In sections 5.22–6.22 m and 6.22–7.22 m hydraulic conductivity appears to have increased in comparison with earlier results, and in section 8.22–9.22 m remained at the level observed in 2006 and 2010–2012. In OL-PP39, slug tests were conducted in seven packer sections but only three yielded data that could be interpreted reasonably. In section 5.5–6.5 m the obtained result is two orders of magnitude larger than the conductivities measured in 2005–2011 and very close to the result for the next section below, 6.5–7.5 m. In section 8.5–9.5 m, the result is again at the typical level after the unusually large value in 2012.

The interpreted hydraulic conductivities from the slug tests were also compared to those obtained by the pre-pumping during the water sampling. The results are mostly in good agreement with four exceptions in OL-PP36, OL-PP39, OL-PVP31A, and OL-PVP37C. The dependence of the accumulated slug results on the initial water level in the groundwater tube was also investigated to check whether low groundwater table during the 2013 tests could have caused the deviations from earlier results. It appears that large variation of results has mainly occurred in tubes where the water level is typically lower than about 2 m above the measuring section. Therefore, in order to obtain comparable results in different years, it would be advisable to carry out the slug tests when the groundwater table is high or the same as during earlier tests.

43

REFERENCES

Freeze, R. A. & Cherry, J.A. 1979. Groundwater. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. United States. 604 p.

Hatanpää, E. 2002. Groundwater Sampling from Drilled Holes (PR and PP) and Groundwater Pipes (PVP) at Olkiluoto in 2001. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2002-20. 90 p. (in Finnish with an English Abstract)

Hellä, P. & Heikkinen, P. 2004. Slug Tests in Shallow Holes at Olkiluoto 2002. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2004-13. 201 p.

Hinkkanen, H. 2011: Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2010. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2011-40. 121 p.

Hinkkanen, H. 2012: Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2011. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2012-51. 89 p.

Hirvonen, H. 2005. Groundwater Sampling from Shallow Boreholes (PP and PR) and Groundwater Observation Tubes (PVP) at Olkiluoto in 2004. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2005-57. 148 p.

Isola, O. 2010: Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2009. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2010-19. 95 p.

Keskitalo, K. & Lindgren, S. 2007: Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto 2006. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2007-93. 81 p.

Keskitalo, K. 2008. Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2007. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2008-21. 111 p.

Keskitalo, K. 2009. Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2008. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2009-05. 95 p.

Kröger, T. 2004. Groundwater Sampling from Shallow Boreholes (PP and PR) and Groundwater Observation Tubes (PVP) at Olkiluoto in 2003. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2004-44. 117 p.

Lehtinen, A., Hatanpää, H. & Hirvonen H. 2006. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2005. Geochemistry. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2006-67. 174 p.

Lehto, K. 2001. Installation of Groundwater Observation Tubes at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2001. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. 58 p. Working Report 2001-39. 58 p.

Mälkki, E. 1999. Pohjavesi ja pohjaveden ympäristö. Helsinki: Tammi. 304 p.

Niemi, A., Kling, T., Vaittinen, T., Vahanne, P., Kivimäki, A. & Hatva, T., 1994. Tiesuolauksen pohjavesivaikutusten simulointi tyyppimuodostumissa. Talvi ja tieliikenne -projekti. Tielaitoksen selvityksiä 66/1994. Tielaitos, Helsinki. 55 s.

44

Niemi, K. & Roos, S. 2004. Havaintoputkien asentaminen, matalien kairareikien kairaa-minen, painokairaaminen ja maaperänäytteet Eurajoen Olkiluodon tutkimusalueella vuoden 2003 syksyllä. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. 43 p. Working Report 2004-03. 43 p. (in Finnish)

Partamies, S., Pitkänen, P., Lahdenperä, A.-M., Lehtinen, A., Ahokas, T., Hirvonen, H. & Hatanpää, E. 2007. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2006: Hydrogeochemistry. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2007-51. 238 p.

Partamies, S., Pitkänen, P., Lahdenperä, A-M, Ahokas, T., Lehtinen, A., Hirvonen H & Hatanpää, E. 2008. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2007: Hydrogeochemistry. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2008-24. 212 p.

Penttinen, T., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M, Pitkänen, P., Ahokas, T & Kasa, S. 2011. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2009: Hydrogeochemistry. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2010-44. 296 p.

Penttinen, T., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M, Lamminmäki, T., Lehtinen, A. & Sireeni, S. 2013. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2010: Hydrogeochemistry. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2011-44. 358 p.

Penttinen, T., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä, A-M., Ahokas, T., Lamminmäki, T. & Lehtinen, A. 2014a. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2011: Hydrogeochemistry. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2012-44. XX p. (in print)

Penttinen, T., Partamies, S., Ahokas, T., Lamminmäki, T. & Lehtinen, A. 2014b. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2012: Hydrogeochemistry. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2013-44. XX p. (in preparation)

Penttinen, T., Partamies, S., Ahokas, T., Lamminmäki, T. & Lehtinen, A. 2014c. Results of Monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2013: Hydrogeochemistry. Eurajoki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2014-44. XX p. (in preparation)

Pitkänen, P., Partamies, S., Lahdenperä A-M., Ahokas, T. & Lamminmäki, T. 2009: Results of monitoring at Olkiluoto in 2008: Hydrogeochemistry. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2009-44. 236 p.

Tammisto, E. 2014. Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2012. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2013-50

Tammisto, E., Hellä, P. & Lahdenperä, J. 2005. Slug-Tests in PP- and PVP-Holes at Olkiluoto in 2004. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2005-76. 87 p.

Tammisto, E. & Lehtinen, A. 2006. Slug-tests in PP- and PVP-holes at Olkiluoto in 2005. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. 93 p. Working Report 2006-100. 93 p.

Toropainen, V. 2009. Installation of Groundwater Observation Tubes OL-PVP30–35 at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2009. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2009-27. 17 p.

45

Toropainen, V. 2012. Installation of Groundwater Observation Tubes OL-PVP36–38 and Drilling of Shallow Drillholes OL-PP70–71 at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki 2011. Olkiluoto, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Report 2012-22. 56 p.

Tuominen, M. 1998. Hydrogeochemical Studies at Olkiluoto During 1997: Drilled Holes PR3 and PR4 and Ground Water Pipes PVP1 and PVP2. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. 39 p. Working Report 98-07. 39 p.

47

APPENDIX 1 MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT

The principle of the tool was introduced in the first slug-test report (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004). The equipment for measurements was modified in the beginning of the year 2010 but the principle is still the same. Block diagram in Figure A1-1 shows the main parts of the equipment. Components which are renewed are presented with red shaded. Also a new measuring program was programmed to PDA-unit.

Figure A1-1. Block diagram of the tool.

Other components except those used in a hole were installed into a plywood box which is easy to carry in one’s back (Figure A1-2).

Hig

h pr

essu

re b

ottl

e (a

ir)

Bluetooth- RS485 converter

HP iPAQ (PDA)

Pre

ssur

e se

nsor

M

eas.

sec

tion

1.

5 B

ar

Pressure sensor Drillhole

1.5 bar

Pressure reducer 4 bar

Data Logger

Bubble device

Dou

ble

pack

er

Transformer230 V / 12 V

Pre

ssur

e bo

ttle

(w

ater

)

Battery 12 V

4/6 mm hose

Release packer pressure

48

Figure A1-2. Transport box was made of plywood and it is easy to carry in one’s back.

The equipment is instantly ready for use after opening the box (Figure A1-3). The tool can be used with 220 V (AC) or 12 V (DC).

Figure A1-3. Transport box opened.

49

APPENDIX 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA PROCESSING MACROS

In the interpretation of the measurement data the same macros developed for the interpretation of the slug tests in 2002 (Hellä & Heikkinen 2004) were used. Some modifications were done, when the slug tests of 2004 were interpreted (Tammisto et al. 2005). Use of the renewed measuring equipment in 2010 caused also some modifications to the interpretation macros. The version number of the macro used in 2010 was 1.5 (Hinkkanen 2011). In 2011, the macro was further renewed so that it reads the data directly from the data file, and only drillhole diameter and length of the casing above ground level are given in a file named “slugmakefile”, where the names of the data files of the latest slug tests are listed for the macro. The version number of the macro used in 2011–2013 slug data interpretations was 1.6.

For the interpretation, a Microsoft Excel file containing the necessary functions and graphs was used as a template. The macro copies the necessary data from the measurement file to the analysis template. The functions and graphs in the template file are modified automatically. Further on the results, K-values by Hvorslev’s method and the two K-values obtained by Thiem’s equation, together with some comments are copied to a separate result file. The result files and the sheets with the interpretations of the 2013 measurements are presented in Appendices 3–24.

Input Data

Data from “slugmakefile”: - Name of the datafile - Diameter of the drillhole (mm) - Length of the casing above ground level (m)

Data from the header of the measurement files used for interpretation: - Top depth of the test section (m) - Depth of the pressure sensor, drillhole (m) - Initial depth of the pressure sensor of the test section (m) - Depth of the pressure sensor of the test section after movement (m) - Length of the test section (m) And from the data columns (the letter in parentheses refers to the column’s name in Excel):

Cable Depth (A) depth of the top of the test section (ref TOC), only first value used

Date (B) date, only first value used Time (C) time Phase (E) 1 = open borehole equipment installed

2 = inflation of packers + stabilization of pressure 3 = pressure increase + recovery phase

WaterLevelBorehole(m) (G) water column above pressure sensor of borehole water WaterLevelMeasurement-Section(m) (I)

water column above pressure sensor of test section

50

The template workbook

The template workbook analysis_template.xls contains three sheets:

parameters for input parameters, results and figure of the water level at the borehole and in the test section during the measurement and a figure with the measurement results and the fitted line. The data copied from the input file is marked with italic. The content with some comments is described below:

- input file, name of the input file containing the hole id and the file number - date, date of the measurement - TOC (m), length of the casing above ground level - depth of pressure sensor open hole (m), measured from the top of the casing - depth of pressure sensor meas. section (m), measured from the top of the casing - depth of meas. section (m), top of the section measured from the top of the casing - depth of meas. section (m), midpoint of the section measured from ground level - tube diameter (mm), diameter of the tube having an equal area to a double tube with

given inner and outer diameter (16.6/24.9 mm in PP-holes and 40/56 mm in PVP-tubes) - r (mm), radius of the tube with the above diameter - H, initial water level (m, below ground level) average of the observed values during

phase 1 - H0, water level (m, below ground level) after the disturbance, H0* = min(water level in

test section), H0 = water level in test section 10 observations after H0*, the shift is done because the water level changes rapidly just after the moving of the pressure sensor.

- t0, time corresponding to H0, start time of the line fitting or the time instant given by the user

- tend (s), end time of the line fitting, is either the end time of the measuring period, or the time when (H−h)/(H−H0) reaches 0.1 or the time when (H−h)/(H−H0) gets negative, this might happen if the data is noisy at the end of the measurement, the user can also define the tend

- T0, time when (H−h)/(H−H0) = 0.37, calculated from the estimated line equation - L (m), length of the test section - screen diam. (mm), hole diameter - screen radius R (mm), hole radius - L/R - K (m/s), hydraulic conductivity calculated according to Equation 4-4. - logK

51

For the calculation of hydraulic conductivity according to Thiem’s equation following data is used:

Two time instants are used in calculating the flow for the Thiem analysis and two cases are considered:

- flow o t1 (s) corresponds to the time when h is equal to (H + H0) / 2, if such h is

not reached t1 is defined to be the time corresponding to one third of the recovery period.

o t2 (s) is 20 observations later - no flow

o t1 (s) is 20 observations later than t0 o t2 (s) is determined to be t0 + (tend – t0)/3, but if the recovery period is

short, less than 40 time steps, then the whole recovery is used i.e. t2 equal to tend

- h1 (m) is the average of 11 observed h values at time t1, average is used to compensate the possibly noisy data, otherwise erroneous results are obtained especially in case of no flow

- h2 (m) is the average of 11 observed h values at time t2 - dh (m) is the average change in water level, h in Equation 4-5, dh = (h1+h2)/2 – H0 - Q (m3/s) observed flow in time t1 – t2 - KThiem (m/s) hydraulic conductivity assuming r0 = 14 m - logK - KHvorslev / KThiem quotient of the hydraulic conductivities according to the two

methods The sheet contains also two figures: the first one presents the measured water levels in the open borehole and in the test section. The measured values are corrected so that the reference is always ground level. The other figure shows the results of the Hvorslev’s method, the measured (H−h)/(H−H0) values are plotted on a logarithmic scale as a function of time, also the fitted line is shown as well as the line (H−h)/(H−H0) = 0.37.

data initial measurement data together with the processed one. The columns are the following:

- Time(s), copy of the time column of the input file - Phase, copy of the phase column of the input file - WaterLevelBorehole(m), copy of the water level/borehole column of the input file - WaterLevelMeasurementSection(m), copy of the water level/measurement section

column of the input file - Open borehole, corrected water level in the open borehole below ground level (m)

taking into account the depth of the pressure sensor and the casing (=ps_depth – toc - wl)

- Measurement Section, h, corrected water level in the test section below ground level (m) taking into account the depth of the pressure sensor and the casing (=ps_depth – toc - wl). Here, the possible change in the pressure sensor depth is taken into account.

- t, time from t0 i.e. start of the line fitting

52

- H−h, change in the water level at the test section - H−H0, the total overpressure (m) - (H−h)/(H−H0) - ln((H−h)/(H−H0)) - fitted, the fitted values at the given time - (H−h)/(H−H0)<0.1, used to define the end of the time interval used in the line fitting

support data needed to draw a line (H−h)/(H−H0) = 0.37 in the lower figure on sheet parameters.

Subprograms

The interpretation macro consists of following subprograms:

prepare_file_for_analysis opens a file containing measurement data and copies the necessary data to the analysis template deleting the header rows of the input data file

preliminary_analysis modifies the functions and images in the analysis template workbook to correspond the current data file.

Write_results writes the results of the analysis to the results workbook (filename, depth of test section, hydraulic conductivity K according to Hvorslev’s method and the two Thiem approximations, R2-value of the line fitting and comments:

T0 not reached means that during the recovery period (H−h)/(H−H0) does not reach value 0.37 corresponding the time needed for the recovery assuming steady state flow. This means that the value of T0 has to be extrapolated outside the observed time range and the result is thus more uncertain than in the case when T0 is reached during the observation period.

Thiem different means that the hydraulic conductivity by Hvorslev’s method is at least three times greater or smaller than the one obtained by Thiem’s method.

q increasing with time means that the fitted line has a positive slope and thus no recovery is observed, indicates an error.

Negative K means hydraulic conductivity obtained by Hvorslev’s method is negative indicating an error.

Print_results prints the paper copy and a pdf-file from the parameters-sheet.

53

APPENDIX 3 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PP36

APPENDIX 3

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

P36

Pau

liina

Alh

o, Il

kka

Vaa

rula

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 4.

73 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

8 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&ru

n

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2

KTh

iem

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

161

27.8

.201

312

:27

54.

735.

780

460

ml w

ater

add

ed16

227

.8.2

013

12:5

66

4.73

5.78

046

0 m

l wat

er a

dded

PP36

0001

62.d

at5.

721.

26E

-07

0.99

92.

32E

-07

2.18

E-0

7T0

not

reac

hed

163

27.8

.201

313

:24

74.

735.

781.

5PP

3600

0163

.dat

6.72

4.51

E-0

70.

976

7.96

E-0

77.

86E

-07

164

27.8

.201

313

:52

84.

735.

781.

5fa

iled

PP36

0001

64.d

at7.

727.

42E

-09

0.90

02.

56E

-08

1.06

E-0

8N

o re

cove

ry, r

esul

t rej

ecte

d

165

27.8

.201

314

:00

94.

735.

781.

5PP

3600

0165

.dat

8.72

1.39

E-0

80.

954

2.68

E-0

83.

83E

-08

T0 n

ot re

ache

d

54

APPENDIX 3

inpu

t file

PP36

0001

62.d

atda

te27

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)4.

73 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

3.81

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

28

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)6

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

72tu

be d

iam

eter

(m

m)

18.5

6

r (m

m)

9.28

H4.

78

H 04.

42

t 046

828.

0t en

d (s)

4707

4.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

246.

0T 0

1219

.4

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)1.

26E-

07T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-6.9

0ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

0082

2923

0.00

3454

414

t146

900.

0h1

4.44

1.23

214E

-06

0.00

0175

15t2

4692

0.0

h24.

440.

9995

0.00

1380

737

Q (m

3 /s)

7.98

E-08

dh (m

)0.

3444

6066

.485

924

5K T

hiem

(m/s

)2.

32E-

07lo

gK-6

.63

0.85

0396

887

0.00

0467

077

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.54

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

066

7.88

t146

848.

0h1

4.42

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

19.7

2t2

4691

0.0

h24.

44t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

97Q

(m3 /s

)7.

69E-

08dh

(m)

0.35

K Thi

em (m

/s)

2.18

E-07

logK

-6.6

6K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

58

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.046

800

4685

046

900

4695

047

000

4705

047

100

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.1

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.9 46

500

4700

047

500

4800

048

500

water level h (m, below ground level)

t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

55

APPENDIX 3

inpu

t file

PP36

0001

63.d

atda

te27

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)4.

73 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

3.81

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

28

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)6.

72tu

be d

iam

eter

(m

m)

18.5

6

r (m

m)

9.28

H4.

77

H 03.

54

t 048

750.

0t en

d (s)

4965

7.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

907.

0T 0

341.

4

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)4.

51E-

07lo

gK-6

.35

ln((

H-h)

/(H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.002

1929

04-0

.251

3572

76t1

4893

6.0

h14.

141.

1334

1E-0

50.

0059

3685

3t2

4895

6.0

h24.

170.

9764

0.08

9520

75Q

(m3 /s

)4.

98E-

07dh

(m)

0.62

3743

4.11

7990

6K T

hiem

(m/s

)7.

96E-

07lo

gK-6

.10

299.

9956

989

7.26

0652

006

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.57

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

019

3.48

t148

770.

0h1

3.66

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

42.3

4t2

4905

2.0

h24.

31t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)6.

25E-

07dh

(m)

0.79

K Thi

em (m

/s)

7.86

E-07

logK

-6.1

0K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

57

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.048

700

4890

049

100

4930

049

500

4970

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

33.

23.

43.

63.

8 44.

24.

44.

64.

8 5 4800

048

500

4900

049

500

5000

0


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

56

APPENDIX 3

inpu

t file

PP36

0001

64.d

atda

te27

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)4.

73 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

3.82

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

28

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

72tu

be d

iam

eter

(m

m)

18.5

6

r (m

m)

9.28

H4.

79

H 04.

41

t 050

132.

0t en

d (s)

5033

8.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

206.

1T 0

2075

2.1

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)7.

42E-

09T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-8.1

3ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-4.8

1345

E-05

-0.0

0110

9435

t150

190.

0h1

4.41

1.12

225E

-06

0.00

0133

68t2

5021

0.0

h24.

410.

8997

0.00

0964

828

Q (m

3 /s)

9.86

E-09

dh (m

)0.

3818

39.6

4692

420

5K T

hiem

(m/s

)2.

56E-

08lo

gK-7

.59

0.00

1712

515

0.00

0190

833

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.29

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

042

.89

t150

152.

0h1

4.41

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

8.30

t250

200.

0h2

4.41

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.97

Q (m

3 /s)

4.10

E-09

dh (m

)0.

38K T

hiem

(m/s

)1.

06E-

08lo

gK-7

.97

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.70

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.050

100

5015

050

200

5025

050

300

5035

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.1

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.9 49

900

5000

050

100

5020

050

300

5040

0


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

57

APPENDIX 3

inpu

t file

PP36

0001

65.d

atda

te27

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)4.

73 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

3.82

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

78

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

28

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)9

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)8.

72tu

be d

iam

eter

(m

m)

18.5

6

r (m

m)

9.28

H4.

79

H 03.

33

t 050

878.

0t en

d (s)

5178

5.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

906.

9T 0

1108

1.3

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)1.

39E-

08T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-7.8

6ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-8.6

6043

E-05

-0.0

4030

9773

t151

170.

0h1

3.43

6.30

373E

-07

0.00

0330

177

t251

190.

0h2

3.43

0.95

420.

0049

7892

5Q

(m3 /s

)3.

68E-

08dh

(m)

1.36

1887

4.83

489

906

K Thi

em (m

/s)

2.68

E-08

logK

-7.5

70.

4679

0129

20.

0224

5945

8K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

52St

at te

sts

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

137.

39t1

5089

8.0

h13.

37te

st s

tat,

b <>

012

2.09

t251

180.

0h2

3.43

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

5.36

E-08

dh (m

)1.

39K T

hiem

(m/s

)3.

83E-

08lo

gK-7

.42

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.36

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.050

850

5105

051

250

5145

051

650

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

2.5 3

3.5 4

4.5 5 50

000

5050

051

000

5150

052

000


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

58

59

APPENDIX 4 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PP39

APPENDIX 4

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PP

39P

auliin

a A

lho,

Ilkk

a V

aaru

la

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

11 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.5

0 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&ru

n

m

easu

rem

ent d

epth

(m)

belo

w

grou

nd le

vel

mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KHv

orsle

v

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

16

628

.8.2

013

10:0

05

2.11

2.11

1.5

PP39

0001

66.d

at5

--

-1.1

8E-0

64.

87E

-07

no li

ne e

stim

ate

167

28.8

.201

310

:24

62.

112.

111.

5PP

3900

0167

.dat

62.

86E

-06

0.97

64.

54E

-06

5.30

E-0

6

168

28.8

.201

311

:46

72.

112.

111.

5PP

3900

0168

.dat

73.

75E

-06

0.98

66.

39E

-06

6.76

E-0

6

169

28.8

.201

312

:18

82.

112.

111.

5PP

3900

0169

.dat

82.

63E

-09

0.81

80.

00E

+00

1.10

E-0

8N

o re

cove

ry, r

esul

t rej

ecte

d

170

28.8

.201

312

:46

92.

112.

111.

5PP

3900

0170

.dat

91.

15E

-08

0.96

71.

85E

-08

3.11

E-0

8T0

not

reac

hed

171

28.8

.201

313

:10

102.

112.

111.

5PP

3900

0171

.dat

104.

12E

-11

0.00

20.

00E

+00

4.70

E-0

9N

o re

cove

ry, r

esul

t rej

ecte

d

172

28.8

.201

313

:38

112.

112.

111.

5PP

3900

0172

.dat

116.

30E

-10

0.28

51.

41E

-09

5.40

E-0

9N

o re

cove

ry, r

esul

t rej

ecte

d

60

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

66.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.52

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H0.

75

H 00.

93

t 035

292.

0t en

d (s)

3529

1.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

-1.0

T 0#V

ALU

E!

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)#V

ALU

E!#V

ALU

E!lo

gK#V

ALU

E!ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

#VA

LUE!

#VA

LUE!

t135

281.

0h1

0.56

#VA

LUE!

#VA

LUE!

t236

036.

0h2

1.51

#VA

LUE!

#VA

LUE!

Q (m

3 /s)

3.41

E-07

dh (m

)-0

.29

#VA

LUE!

#VA

LUE!

K Thi

em (m

/s)

-1.1

8E-0

6lo

gK#N

UM!

#VA

LUE!

#VA

LUE!

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

#VA

LUE!

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

0#V

ALU

E!t1

3529

2.0

h10.

12te

st s

tat,

b <>

0#V

ALU

E!t2

3529

1.0

h20.

11t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%#V

ALU

E!Q

(m3 /s

)3.

11E-

07dh

(m)

0.63

K Thi

em (m

/s)

4.87

E-07

logK

-6.3

1K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

#V

ALU

E!

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.035

250

3526

035

270

3528

035

290

3530

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

00.

20.

40.

60.

8 11.

21.

41.

61.

8 2 3450

035

000

3550

036

000

3650

037

000

3750

038

000


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

61

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

67.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.61

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)6

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)6

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H1.

58

H 00.

73

t 038

081.

0t en

d (s)

3815

0.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

69.0

T 053

.8

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)2.

86E-

06lo

gK-5

.54

ln((

H-h)

/(H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.016

3594

68-0

.120

2261

35t1

3810

2.0

h11.

060.

0003

1358

80.

0125

4412

4t2

3812

2.0

h21.

210.

9756

0.05

3009

608

Q (m

3 /s)

2.03

E-06

dh (m

)0.

4427

21.5

7034

868

K Thi

em (m

/s)

4.54

E-06

logK

-5.3

47.

6476

6313

70.

1910

8126

1K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

63St

at te

sts

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

52.1

7t1

3810

1.0

h11.

05te

st s

tat,

b <>

09.

58t2

3810

4.0

h21.

08t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%2.

00Q

(m3 /s

)2.

74E-

06dh

(m)

0.51

K Thi

em (m

/s)

5.30

E-06

logK

-5.2

8K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

54

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.038

050

3825

038

450

3865

038

850

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

00.

20.

40.

60.

8 11.

21.

41.

61.

8 2 3750

038

000

3850

039

000

3950

0


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

62

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

68.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.56

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H1.

47

H 00.

70

t 043

086.

0t en

d (s)

4316

0.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

74.0

T 041

.1

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)3.

75E-

06lo

gK-5

.43

ln((

H-h)

/(H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.021

3024

35-0

.125

0926

39t1

4310

1.0

h10.

970.

0002

9703

0.01

2724

03t2

4312

1.0

h21.

160.

9860

0.05

5685

779

Q (m

3 /s)

2.60

E-06

dh (m

)0.

4051

43.4

8532

573

K Thi

em (m

/s)

6.39

E-06

logK

-5.1

915

.949

4645

10.

2263

6613

8K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

59St

at te

sts

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

71.7

2t1

4310

6.0

h11.

03te

st s

tat,

b <>

09.

83t2

4311

0.0

h21.

07t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

99Q

(m3 /s

)2.

85E-

06dh

(m)

0.42

K Thi

em (m

/s)

6.76

E-06

logK

-5.1

7K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

55

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.043

050

4325

043

450

4365

043

850

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

00.

20.

40.

60.

8 11.

21.

41.

61.

8 2 4250

043

000

4350

044

000

4450

0


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

63

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

69.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.61

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)8

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H1.

59

H 0-0

.03

t 044

831.

0t en

d (s)

4573

6.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

905.

0T 0

5863

0.5

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)2.

63E-

09T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-8.5

8ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-1.6

7062

E-05

-0.0

2050

8294

t145

122.

0h1

0.01

2.62

393E

-07

0.00

0137

144

t245

142.

0h2

0.01

0.81

770.

0020

6563

3Q

(m3 /s

)0.

00E+

00dh

(m)

1.58

4053

.696

3890

4K T

hiem

(m/s

)0.

00E+

00lo

gK#N

UM!

0.01

7296

466

0.00

3857

222

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

#DIV

/0!

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

063

.67

t144

851.

0h1

-0.0

1te

st s

tat,

b <>

014

9.54

t245

132.

0h2

0.01

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

1.77

E-08

dh (m

)1.

59K T

hiem

(m/s

)1.

10E-

08lo

gK-7

.96

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.24

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.044

800

4500

045

200

4540

045

600

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-1

-0.5 0

0.5 1

1.5 2 44

000

4450

045

000

4550

046

000


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

64

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

70.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.58

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)9

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)9

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H1.

54

H 0-0

.12

t 046

472.

0t en

d (s)

4738

3.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

911.

0T 0

1337

1.9

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)1.

15E-

08T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-7.9

4ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-7.2

7812

E-05

-0.0

2677

6227

t146

765.

0h1

-0.0

44.

4238

6E-0

70.

0002

3275

7t2

4678

5.0

h2-0

.04

0.96

750.

0035

1724

2Q

(m3 /s

)2.

96E-

08dh

(m)

1.58

2706

6.78

827

910

K Thi

em (m

/s)

1.85

E-08

logK

-7.7

30.

3348

4294

10.

0112

576

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.62

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

016

4.52

t146

492.

0h1

-0.0

9te

st s

tat,

b <>

011

5.04

t246

775.

0h2

-0.0

4t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)5.

05E-

08dh

(m)

1.61

K Thi

em (m

/s)

3.11

E-08

logK

-7.5

1K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

37

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.046

450

4665

046

850

4705

047

250

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-1

-0.5 0

0.5 1

1.5 2 45

500

4600

046

500

4700

047

500


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

65

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

71.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.59

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)10

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)10

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H1.

54

H 0-0

.20

t 048

082.

0t en

d (s)

4899

5.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

913.

0T 0

3739

877.

8

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)4.

12E-

11T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-10.

39ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-2.6

316E

-07

-0.0

1581

2487

t148

376.

0h1

-0.1

71.

8837

4E-0

79.

9317

4E-0

5t2

4839

6.0

h2-0

.17

0.00

210.

0015

0261

9Q

(m3 /s

)0.

00E+

00dh

(m)

1.71

1.95

1639

3891

2K T

hiem

(m/s

)0.

00E+

00lo

gK#N

UM!

4.40

654E

-06

0.00

2059

172

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

#DIV

/0!

Stat

test

stig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

01.

40t1

4810

2.0

h1-0

.18

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

159.

21t2

4838

6.0

h2-0

.17

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

8.14

E-09

dh (m

)1.

71K T

hiem

(m/s

)4.

70E-

09lo

gK-8

.33

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.01

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.048

050

4825

048

450

4865

048

850

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-1

-0.5 0

0.5 1

1.5 2 47

500

4800

048

500

4900

049

500


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

66

APPENDIX 4

inpu

t file

PP39

0001

72.d

atda

te28

.8.2

013

TOC

(m)

0.5

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

ope

n ho

le (m

)2.

11 re

f toc

m

in o

pen

bore

-ho

le p

ress

ure

(m)

1.61

ref g

roun

d le

vel

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

11

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)11

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)11

tube

dia

met

er (

mm

)18

.56

r (m

m)

9.28

H1.

58

H 0-0

.19

t 049

613.

0t en

d (s)

5052

2.0

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

908.

9T 0

2443

61.0

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

35.7

1K

(m/s

)6.

30E-

10T0

not

rea

ched

logK

-9.2

0ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-4.0

1142

E-06

-0.0

1976

5964

t149

906.

0h1

-0.1

62.

1066

5E-0

70.

0001

1058

2t2

4992

6.0

h2-0

.16

0.28

540.

0016

6941

5Q

(m3 /s

)2.

46E-

09dh

(m)

1.73

362.

5847

565

908

K Thi

em (m

/s)

1.41

E-09

logK

-8.8

50.

0010

1050

40.

0025

3054

6K H

vors

lev /

KT

hiem

0.

45St

at te

sts

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

19.0

4t1

4963

3.0

h1-0

.17

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

178.

74t2

4991

6.0

h2-0

.16

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

9.47

E-09

dh (m

)1.

74K T

hiem

(m/s

)5.

40E-

09lo

gK-8

.27

K Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thi

em

0.12

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

2

4.9

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 1

6.6

mm

initia

l, re

f toc

fina

l, re

f toc

ref T

OC,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fittin

g

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rres

pond

ing

the

time

whe

n ln

((H-

h)/(H

-H0)

) = -1

le

ngth

of m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.049

600

4980

050

000

5020

050

400

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-1

-0.5 0

0.5 1

1.5 2 49

000

4950

050

000

5050

051

000


t (s)

Ope

n bo

reho

leM

easu

rem

ent S

ectio

n

67

APPENDIX 5 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP4A

69

APPENDIX 5

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

4APa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 1.

32 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

0 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2

KTh

iem

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

12

93.

7.20

1313

:07

1.47

not i

n us

e1.

471.

5P

VP

4A00

0129

.dat

6.55

1.19

E-0

50.

990

1.78

E-0

51.

72E

-05

70

APPENDIX 5

inpu

t file

PVP4

A00

0129

.dat

date

3.7.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.7 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

47

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

97

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

55

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)6.

55tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

0.66

H0

0.21

20

t 047

445

t end (

s)47

535.

98Ti

me

rang

e (s

)90

.98

T 034

.41

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

71.4

3K

(m/s

)1.

191E

-05

logK

-4.9

2ln

((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.024

8572

07-0

.144

7222

28t1

4745

5.97

h10.

347

0.00

0267

276

0.01

4079

836

t247

476.

02h2

0.49

10.

9897

0178

40.

0680

7826

8Q

(m3 /s

)8.

69E-

06dh

(m)

0.24

8649

.378

152

90K

Thie

m (m

/s)

1.78

E-05

logK

-4.7

540

.086

8459

70.

4171

1855

7K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.67

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

093

.00

t147

464.

96h1

0.42

7te

st s

tat,

b <>

010

.28

t247

474.

98h2

0.48

6t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

99Q

(m3 /s

)7.

07E-

06dh

(m)

0.20

KTh

iem

(m/s

)1.

72E-

05lo

gK-4

.76

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

69

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.047

400

4745

047

500

4755

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1 0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9 47

200

4740

047

600

4780

048

000

4820

048

400

4860

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

71

APPENDIX 6 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP4B

73

APPENDIX 6

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

4BPa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 1.

55 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.8

6 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

13

03.

7.20

1313

:45

1.47

not i

n us

e1.

471.

5P

VP

4B00

0130

.dat

36.

33E

-06

0.99

59.

09E

-06

8.52

E-0

6

74

APPENDIX 6

inpu

t file

PVP4

B00

0130

.dat

date

3.7.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.86 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

47

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

97

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

00

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

00tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

0.46

H0

-0.3

740

t 049

688.

98t en

d (s)

4982

2.99

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

134.

01T 0

64.7

8

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

71.4

3K

(m/s

)6.

3260

5E-0

6lo

gK-5

.20

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

1672

355

0.08

3334

428

t149

727

h1-0

.031

0.00

0102

590.

0079

5306

3t2

4974

6.95

h20.

098

0.99

5019

943

0.04

6452

256

Q (m

3 /s)

7.77

E-06

dh (m

)0.

4226

573.

5233

913

3K

Thie

m (m

/s)

9.09

E-06

logK

-5.0

457

.340

6697

20.

2869

8900

6K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.70

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

016

3.01

t149

709.

03h1

-0.1

72te

st s

tat,

b <>

010

.48

t249

732.

96h2

0.01

2t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

98Q

(m3 /s

)9.

24E-

06dh

(m)

0.54

KTh

iem

(m/s

)8.

52E-

06lo

gK-5

.07

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

74

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.049

650

4970

049

750

4980

049

850

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2 0

0.2

0.4 49

400

4960

049

800

5000

050

200

5040

050

600

5080

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

75


77

APPENDIX 7

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

6APa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

26 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

331

.7.2

013

12:2

32.

41no

t in

use

2.41

1.5

PV

P6A

0001

43.d

at4.

831.

68E

-07

0.74

01.

18E

-07

1.00

E-0

7T0

not

reac

hed

78

APPENDIX 7

inpu

t file

PVP6

A00

0143

.dat

date

31.7

.201

3TO

C (m

)0.

7 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

41

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

91

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

83

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

83tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.45

H0

-0.0

070

t 044

753.

04t en

d (s)

4565

7.04

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

904

T 024

32.1

3

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

71.4

3K

(m/s

)1.

6849

2E-0

7T0

not

reac

hed

logK

-6.7

7ln

((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.000

4354

590.

0590

9357

2t1

4504

4.98

h10.

071

8.58

53E-

060.

0044

8400

8t2

4506

5.03

h20.

077

0.74

0406

641

0.06

7430

67Q

(m3 /s

)3.

28E-

07dh

(m)

1.37

2572

.665

163

902

KTh

iem

(m/s

)1.

18E-

07lo

gK-6

.93

11.6

9763

885

4.10

1299

462

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

1.

43S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

50.7

2t1

4477

2.99

h10.

008

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

13.1

8t2

4505

5h2

0.07

4t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)2.

85E-

07dh

(m)

1.41

KTh

iem

(m/s

)1.

00E-

07lo

gK-7

.00

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

1.

68

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.044

750

4495

045

150

4535

045

550

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-1

-0.5 0

0.5 1

1.5 44

400

4460

044

800

4500

045

200

4540

045

600

4580

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

79


81

APPENDIX 8

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

6BPa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

14 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.9

m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

142

31.7

.201

312

:00

2.29

not i

n us

e2.

291.

5P

VP

6B00

0142

.dat

2.83

2.62

E-0

70.

663

2.18

E-0

78.

08E

-07

T0 n

ot re

ache

dTh

iem

diff

eren

t

82

APPENDIX 8

inpu

t file

PVP6

B00

0142

.dat

date

31.7

.201

3TO

C (m

)0.

9 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

29

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

79

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

73

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

73tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.17

H0

0.32

20

t 043

396.

99t en

d (s)

4429

9.95

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

902.

96T 0

1563

.35

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

71.4

3K

(m/s

)2.

6212

6E-0

7T0

not

reac

hed

logK

-6.5

8ln

((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.000

3722

35-0

.418

0670

98t1

4368

7.98

h10.

700

8.84

207E

-06

0.00

4611

106

t243

708.

03h2

0.70

40.

6627

1008

50.

0693

7697

Q (m

3 /s)

2.08

E-07

dh (m

)0.

4717

72.2

5725

190

2K

Thie

m (m

/s)

2.18

E-07

logK

-6.6

68.

5301

6468

94.

3414

7387

1K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

1.20

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

042

.10

t143

417.

03h1

0.48

1te

st s

tat,

b <>

090

.67

t243

698

h20.

703

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

9.52

E-07

dh (m

)0.

58K

Thie

m (m

/s)

8.08

E-07

logK

-6.0

9K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.32

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.043

350

4355

043

750

4395

044

150

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1 0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5 43

000

4320

043

400

4360

043

800

4400

044

200

4440

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

83

APPENDIX 9 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP14

85

APPENDIX 9

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

14Pa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 3.

46 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

13

825

.7.2

013

12:1

93.

61no

t in

use

3.61

1.5

PV

P14

0001

38.d

at7.

42.

68E

-05

0.99

73.

39E

-05

3.06

E-0

5

86

APPENDIX 9

inpu

t file

PVP1

4000

138.

dat

date

25.7

.201

3TO

C (m

)0.

7 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

61

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

11

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)6.

4

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

4tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

2.72

H0

2.30

30

t 044

555.

01t en

d (s)

4458

6.02

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

31.0

1T 0

15.2

7

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

56sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)28

L/R

71.4

3K

(m/s

)2.

6835

7E-0

5lo

gK-4

.57

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

6941

9137

0.06

0065

913

t144

555.

96h1

2.32

20.

0007

3736

80.

0132

9632

1t2

4457

6h2

2.61

40.

9966

2662

80.

0385

3185

9Q

(m3 /s

)1.

76E-

05dh

(m)

0.26

8863

.179

8430

KTh

iem

(m/s

)3.

39E-

05lo

gK-4

.47

13.1

5919

979

0.04

4541

124

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

79S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

94.1

4t1

4455

5.01

h12.

298

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

4.52

t244

586.

02h2

2.67

5t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%2.

04Q

(m3 /s

)1.

47E-

05dh

(m)

0.24

KTh

iem

(m/s

)3.

06E-

05lo

gK-4

.51

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

88

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.044

550

4456

044

570

4458

044

590

4460

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9 44

200

4440

044

600

4480

045

000

4520

045

400

4560

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

87


89

APPENDIX 10

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

30Pa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

75 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

1.2

m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

431

.7.2

013

13:3

02.

9no

t in

use

2.9

1.5

PV

P30

0001

44.d

at1.

31.

48E

-05

0.99

12.

78E

-05

2.55

E-0

5

90

APPENDIX 10

inpu

t file

PVP3

0000

144.

dat

date

31.7

.201

3TO

C (m

)1.

2 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

90

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

40

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)0.

8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

3tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.52

H0

1.31

90

t 048

777.

98t en

d (s)

4885

0.04

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

72.0

6T 0

47.2

2

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

38.4

6K

(m/s

)1.

4839

7E-0

5lo

gK-4

.83

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

2052

5203

-0.0

3079

2851

t148

798.

97h1

1.39

30.

0002

2798

60.

0095

1328

7t2

4881

9.02

h21.

442

0.99

1316

132

0.04

1046

31Q

(m3 /s

)2.

94E-

06dh

(m)

0.11

8105

.079

651

71K

Thie

m (m

/s)

2.78

E-05

logK

-4.5

613

.655

4348

60.

1196

2077

1K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.53

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

090

.03

t148

798.

02h1

1.39

0te

st s

tat,

b <>

03.

24t2

4880

2h2

1.40

1t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

99Q

(m3 /s

)3.

25E-

06dh

(m)

0.13

KTh

iem

(m/s

)2.

55E-

05lo

gK-4

.59

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

58

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.048

750

4895

049

150

4935

049

550

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9 48

400

4860

048

800

4900

049

200

4940

049

600

4980

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

91


93

APPENDIX 11

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P31A

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

21 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.6

2 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

13

44.

7.20

1315

:02

2.36

not i

n us

e2.

361.

5P

VP

31A

0001

34.d

at3.

722.

88E

-05

0.99

53.

77E

-05

3.04

E-0

5

94

APPENDIX 11

inpu

t file

PVP3

1A00

0134

.dat

date

4.7.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.62 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

36

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

86

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

72

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

72tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.58

H0

1.43

50

t 054

337.

99t en

d (s)

5436

9.96

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

31.9

7T 0

14.4

9

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)2.

8770

6E-0

5lo

gK-4

.54

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

6641

1605

-0.0

3764

0881

t154

337.

99h1

1.42

30.

0008

3701

60.

0155

8895

4t2

5435

7h2

1.53

70.

9950

9986

70.

0457

8149

2Q

(m3 /s

)7.

26E-

06dh

(m)

0.10

6295

.358

899

31K

Thie

m (m

/s)

3.77

E-05

logK

-4.4

213

.194

7261

40.

0649

7429

6K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.76

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

079

.34

t154

337.

99h1

1.42

3te

st s

tat,

b <>

02.

41t2

5436

9.96

h21.

559

t-crit

ical

, 90%

2.04

Q (m

3 /s)

5.17

E-06

dh (m

)0.

08K

Thie

m (m

/s)

3.04

E-05

logK

-4.5

2K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.95

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.054

300

5432

054

340

5436

054

380

5440

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9 54

000

5420

054

400

5460

054

800

5500

055

200

5540

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

95


97

APPENDIX 12

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P31B

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

08 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.9

9 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

13

34.

7.20

1314

:37

2.23

not i

n us

e2.

231.

5P

VP

31B

0001

33.d

at2.

598.

18E

-05

0.99

75.

84E

-05

9.54

E-0

5

98

APPENDIX 12

inpu

t file

PVP3

1B00

0133

.dat

date

4.7.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.99 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

23

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

73

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

59

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

59tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.01

H0

0.94

20

t 053

038.

97t en

d (s)

5304

7.95

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

8.98

T 05.

10

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)8.

1818

8E-0

5lo

gK-4

.09

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.1

9975

0901

0.01

7834

884

t153

031.

97h1

0.73

80.

0039

5558

30.

0211

7064

5t2

5305

2.01

h21.

005

0.99

6872

674

0.03

5910

074

Q (m

3 /s)

1.61

E-05

dh (m

)0.

1425

50.0

9571

88

KTh

iem

(m/s

)5.

84E-

05lo

gK-4

.23

3.28

8433

612

0.01

0316

267

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

1.

40S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

50.5

0t1

5303

8.97

h10.

932

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

0.84

t253

047.

95h2

0.99

7t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%2.

31Q

(m3 /s

)8.

65E-

06dh

(m)

0.05

KTh

iem

(m/s

)9.

54E-

05lo

gK-4

.02

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

86

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.053

000

5301

053

020

5303

053

040

5305

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 1

1.2

1.4 52

800

5300

053

200

5340

053

600

5380

054

000


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

99


101

APPENDIX 13

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

32Pa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

97 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.8

0 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

13

24.

7.20

1313

:16

3.14

not i

n us

e3.

141.

5P

VP

3200

0132

.dat

1.2

6.32

E-0

70.

995

9.81

E-0

79.

37E

-07

102

APPENDIX 13

inpu

t file

PVP3

2000

132.

dat

date

4.7.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.8 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

14

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

64

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)0.

2

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

2tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

2.04

H0

1.39

50

t 047

953.

98t en

d (s)

4885

9.02

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

905.

04T 0

659.

81

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)6.

3186

4E-0

7lo

gK-6

.20

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

0150

8277

-0.0

0482

5327

t148

377

h11.

713

3.64

071E

-06

0.00

1902

855

t248

396.

95h2

1.72

40.

9947

6040

70.

0286

6078

2Q

(m3 /s

)6.

32E-

07dh

(m)

0.32

1716

28.4

986

904

KTh

iem

(m/s

)9.

81E-

07lo

gK-6

.01

140.

9825

864

0.74

2582

142

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

64S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

414.

28t1

4797

4.03

h11.

418

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

2.54

t248

255

h21.

641

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

9.58

E-07

dh (m

)0.

51K

Thie

m (m

/s)

9.37

E-07

logK

-6.0

3K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.67

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.047

950

4815

048

350

4855

048

750

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5 47

600

4780

048

000

4820

048

400

4860

048

800

4900

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

103


105

APPENDIX 14

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

33Pa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

68 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

1.2

4 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

15

16.

8.20

138:

052.

83no

t in

use

2.83

1.5

PV

P33

0001

51.d

at1.

264.

85E

-08

0.45

71.

79E

-07

0.00

E+0

0no

line

est

imat

e

106

APPENDIX 14

inpu

t file

PVP3

3000

151.

dat

date

6.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

1.24 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

83

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

33

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)0.

76

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

26tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.36

H0

1.08

30

t 029

292.

96t en

d (s)

3019

2.99

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

900.

03T 0

4677

8.12

L (m

)1

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

38.4

6K

(m/s

)1.

498E

-08

T0 n

ot re

ache

dlo

gK-7

.82

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-2.1

8527

E-05

0.02

2230

171

t129

583.

01h1

1.07

31.

6481

8E-0

60.

0008

5671

t229

602.

97h2

1.07

40.

1635

5958

40.

0128

6772

3Q

(m3 /s

)5.

49E-

08dh

(m)

0.29

175.

7926

368

899

KTh

iem

(m/s

)1.

93E-

07lo

gK-6

.72

0.02

9107

445

0.14

8854

886

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

08S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

13.2

6t1

2931

3.01

h11.

084

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

25.9

5t2

2959

3.03

h21.

074

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

-4.3

9E-0

8dh

(m)

0.28

KTh

iem

(m/s

)-1

.57E

-07

logK

#NU

M!

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

-0

.10

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.029

250

2945

029

650

2985

030

050

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5 29

000

2920

029

400

2960

029

800

3000

030

200

3040

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

107


109

APPENDIX 15

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P34A

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

26 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.9

2 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

62.

8.20

1310

:04

2.41

not i

n us

e2.

411.

5P

VP

34A

0001

46.d

at4.

084.

77E

-06

0.99

96.

41E

-06

6.71

E-0

6

110

APPENDIX 15

inpu

t file

PVP3

4A00

0146

.dat

date

2.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.92 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

41

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

91

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

08

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

08tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.23

H0

0.26

70

t 036

446.

02t en

d (s)

3664

1.98

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

195.

96T 0

87.3

5

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)4.

7730

9E-0

6lo

gK-5

.32

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

1122

3907

-0.0

1963

9661

t136

495.

01h1

0.69

32.

6834

3E-0

50.

0030

3989

1t2

3651

4.97

h20.

795

0.99

8886

624

0.02

1418

74Q

(m3 /s

)6.

17E-

06dh

(m)

0.48

1749

47.9

8519

5K

Thie

m (m

/s)

6.41

E-06

logK

-5.1

980

.259

5646

10.

0894

5867

6K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.74

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

041

8.27

t136

465.

98h1

0.47

5te

st s

tat,

b <>

06.

46t2

3651

0.99

h20.

776

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.97

Q (m

3 /s)

8.06

E-06

dh (m

)0.

60K

Thie

m (m

/s)

6.71

E-06

logK

-5.1

7K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.71

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.036

400

3645

036

500

3655

036

600

3665

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1 0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5 36

200

3640

036

600

3680

037

000

3720

037

400

3760

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

111


113

APPENDIX 16

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P34B

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

10 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

9 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

72.

8.20

1310

:28

2.25

not i

n us

e2.

251.

5P

VP

34B

0001

47.d

at2.

211.

75E

-06

0.99

82.

46E

-06

2.36

E-0

6

114

APPENDIX 16

inpu

t file

PVP3

4B00

0147

.dat

date

2.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.79 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

25

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

75

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

21

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

21tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.27

H0

1.05

10

t 037

885.

96t en

d (s)

3815

0Ti

me

rang

e (s

)26

4.04

T 023

7.93

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)1.

7522

1E-0

6lo

gK-5

.76

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

0388

4541

-0.0

7573

7076

t138

033.

02h1

1.15

41.

1146

5E-0

50.

0017

0090

6t2

3805

2.97

h21.

163

0.99

7839

196

0.01

3880

719

Q (m

3 /s)

5.28

E-07

dh (m

)0.

1112

1450

.947

126

3K

Thie

m (m

/s)

2.46

E-06

logK

-5.6

123

.400

4833

60.

0506

7335

6K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.71

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

034

8.50

t137

906.

01h1

1.08

2te

st s

tat,

b <>

044

.53

t237

974

h21.

125

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.97

Q (m

3 /s)

7.66

E-07

dh (m

)0.

16K

Thie

m (m

/s)

2.36

E-06

logK

-5.6

3K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.74

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.037

850

3805

038

250

3845

038

650

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5 37

600

3780

038

000

3820

038

400

3860

038

800

3900

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

115


117

APPENDIX 17

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

P

VP

36Pa

uliin

a Al

ho, I

iro K

uusi

sto

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

78 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

5 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

531

.7.2

013

14:4

12.

93no

t in

use

2.93

1.5

PV

P36

0001

45.d

at1.

87.

00E

-06

0.95

61.

12E

-05

1.04

E-0

5

118

APPENDIX 17

inpu

t file

PVP3

6000

145.

dat

date

31.7

.201

3TO

C (m

)0.

75 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

93

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

43

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)0.

8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

8tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

2.01

H0

1.62

40

t 053

040

t end (

s)53

230

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

190

T 059

.53

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)7.

0038

1E-0

6lo

gK-5

.15

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

1208

5826

-0.2

8057

8483

t153

066.

96h1

1.77

90.

0001

8839

50.

0206

928

t253

087.

01h2

1.85

30.

9560

9152

70.

1435

5674

8Q

(m3 /s

)4.

44E-

06dh

(m)

0.20

4115

.408

353

189

KTh

iem

(m/s

)1.

12E-

05lo

gK-4

.95

84.8

1255

778

3.89

5014

065

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

63S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

64.1

5t1

5305

9.96

h11.

745

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

13.5

6t2

5310

2.99

h21.

892

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.97

Q (m

3 /s)

4.10

E-06

dh (m

)0.

20K

Thie

m (m

/s)

1.04

E-05

logK

-4.9

8K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.67

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.053

000

5305

053

100

5315

053

200

5325

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8 2

2.2

2.4 52

800

5300

053

200

5340

053

600

5380

054

000


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

119


121

APPENDIX 18

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P37A

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

14 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

5 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

82.

8.20

1312

:54

2.29

not i

n us

e2.

291.

5P

VP

37A

0001

48.d

at9

5.77

E-0

60.

978

8.45

E-0

67.

96E

-06

122

APPENDIX 18

inpu

t file

PVP3

7A00

0148

.dat

date

2.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.75 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

29

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

79

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)9

tube

dia

met

er (m

m)

39.1

9

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.35

H0

0.41

80

t 046

662.

99t en

d (s)

4688

2.02

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

219.

03T 0

72.3

1

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)5.

7659

7E-0

6lo

gK-5

.24

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

1000

776

-0.2

7638

7931

t146

694.

01h1

0.81

00.

0001

0233

30.

0129

1852

6t2

4671

3.97

h20.

943

0.97

7814

324

0.09

6058

226

Q (m

3 /s)

8.01

E-06

dh (m

)0.

4795

64.0

8580

321

7K

Thie

m (m

/s)

8.45

E-06

logK

-5.0

788

.249

5679

92.

0022

9866

7K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.68

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

097

.80

t146

683.

04h1

0.70

6te

st s

tat,

b <>

021

.39

t246

734.

96h2

1.03

5t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

97Q

(m3 /s

)7.

63E-

06dh

(m)

0.48

KTh

iem

(m/s

)7.

96E-

06lo

gK-5

.10

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

72

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.046

650

4670

046

750

4680

046

850

4690

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1 0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5 46

400

4660

046

800

4700

047

200

4740

047

600

4780

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

123


125

APPENDIX 19

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P37B

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 2.

15 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

5 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

14

92.

8.20

1313

:18

2.3

not i

n us

e2.

31.

5P

VP

37B

0001

49.d

at4.

84.

66E

-06

0.99

36.

65E

-06

6.69

E-0

6

126

APPENDIX 19

inpu

t file

PVP3

7B00

0149

.dat

date

2.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.75 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

30

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

80

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

8tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

1.39

H0

0.30

50

t 048

049.

02t en

d (s)

4828

4.03

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

235.

01T 0

89.5

5

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)4.

6558

3E-0

6lo

gK-5

.33

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

0957

4866

-0.1

4261

3002

t148

094.

04h1

0.78

15.

0702

8E-0

50.

0068

8549

1t2

4811

3.99

h20.

901

0.99

3481

096

0.05

3064

98Q

(m3 /s

)7.

29E-

06dh

(m)

0.55

3566

1.60

495

234

KTh

iem

(m/s

)6.

65E-

06lo

gK-5

.18

100.

4192

302

0.65

8918

742

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

70S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

188.

84t1

4806

8.98

h10.

561

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

20.7

1t2

4812

6.96

h20.

964

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.97

Q (m

3 /s)

8.38

E-06

dh (m

)0.

63K

Thie

m (m

/s)

6.69

E-06

logK

-5.1

7K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.70

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.048

000

4805

048

100

4815

048

200

4825

048

300

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1 0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5 47

800

4800

048

200

4840

048

600

4880

049

000

4920

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

127

APPENDIX 20 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP37C

129

APPENDIX 20

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P37C

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 1.

92 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

15

02.

8.20

1313

:39

2.07

not i

n us

e2.

071.

5P

VP

37C

0001

50.d

at1.

85.

55E

-07

0.94

33.

93E

-07

1.15

E-0

6

130

APPENDIX 20

inpu

t file

PVP3

7C00

0150

.dat

date

2.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.75 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

07

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)3.

57

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)0.

8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

8tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

0.73

H0

0.46

20

t 049

342

t end (

s)50

244.

96Ti

me

rang

e (s

)90

2.96

T 075

1.48

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)5.

5478

6E-0

7lo

gK-6

.26

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

0098

5252

-0.2

5960

5279

t149

749.

03h1

0.59

48.

0467

3E-0

60.

0041

9851

6t2

4976

8.99

h20.

596

0.94

3307

988

0.06

3071

265

Q (m

3 /s)

1.04

E-07

dh (m

)0.

1314

991.

8915

590

1K

Thie

m (m

/s)

3.93

E-07

logK

-6.4

159

.637

5116

13.

5841

6399

7K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

1.41

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

012

2.44

t149

361.

96h1

0.47

6te

st s

tat,

b <>

061

.83

t249

643.

02h2

0.58

2t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)4.

56E-

07dh

(m)

0.20

KTh

iem

(m/s

)1.

15E-

06lo

gK-5

.94

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

48

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.049

300

4950

049

700

4990

050

100

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1 0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9 49

000

4920

049

400

4960

049

800

5000

050

200

5040

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

131


133

APPENDIX 21

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P38A

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 3.

97 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

5 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

15

26.

8.20

1312

:57

4.12

not i

n us

e4.

121

PV

P38

A00

0152

.dat

11.8

1.72

E-0

70.

990

2.67

E-0

73.

14E

-07

T0 n

ot re

ache

d

134

APPENDIX 21

inpu

t file

PVP3

8A00

0152

.dat

date

6.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.75 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

12

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

12

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)10

.8

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)11

.8tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

3.01

H0

1.60

10

t 046

833.

03t en

d (s)

4773

6Ti

me

rang

e (s

)90

2.97

T 024

28.7

2

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)1.

7165

8E-0

7T0

not

reac

hed

logK

-6.7

7ln

((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.000

3976

69-0

.034

1712

95t1

4712

4.02

h11.

807

1.31

121E

-06

0.00

0683

744

t247

143.

98h2

1.81

70.

9902

8893

40.

0102

8804

Q (m

3 /s)

6.37

E-07

dh (m

)1.

2091

981.

7235

390

2K

Thie

m (m

/s)

2.67

E-07

logK

-6.5

79.

7356

9208

20.

0954

7107

8K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.64

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

030

3.28

t146

852.

99h1

1.62

4te

st s

tat,

b <>

049

.98

t247

133.

96h2

1.81

2t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)8.

08E-

07dh

(m)

1.29

KTh

iem

(m/s

)3.

14E-

07lo

gK-6

.50

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

55

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.046

800

4700

047

200

4740

047

600

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

1

1.5 2

2.5 3

3.5 46

600

4680

047

000

4720

047

400

4760

047

800


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

135


137

APPENDIX 22

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P38B

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 4.

06 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.7

0 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

15

36.

8.20

1313

:18

4.21

not i

n us

e4.

211

PV

P38

B00

0153

.dat

8.7

3.08

E-0

70.

991

6.14

E-0

73.

90E

-07

T0 n

ot re

ache

d

138

APPENDIX 22

inpu

t file

PVP3

8B00

0153

.dat

date

6.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.7 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

21

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

21

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)7.

7

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)8.

7tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

3.11

H0

1.83

80

t 048

086

t end (

s)48

988.

02Ti

me

rang

e (s

)90

2.02

T 013

55.4

4

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)3.

0758

3E-0

7T0

not

reac

hed

logK

-6.5

1ln

((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-0

.000

7317

83-0

.008

1148

72t1

4837

5.96

h12.

068

2.26

581E

-06

0.00

1180

283

t248

396

h22.

089

0.99

1436

122

0.01

7748

568

Q (m

3 /s)

1.27

E-06

dh (m

)1.

0410

4308

.351

190

1K

Thie

m (m

/s)

6.14

E-07

logK

-6.2

132

.858

3462

50.

2838

2550

1K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.50

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

032

2.97

t148

105.

96h1

1.87

3te

st s

tat,

b <>

06.

88t2

4838

5.98

h22.

079

t-crit

ical

, 90%

1.96

Q (m

3 /s)

8.86

E-07

dh (m

)1.

14K

Thie

m (m

/s)

3.90

E-07

logK

-6.4

1K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.79

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.048

050

4825

048

450

4865

048

850

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

1

1.5 2

2.5 3

3.5 47

800

4800

048

200

4840

048

600

4880

049

000

4920

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

139

APPENDIX 23 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP38C

141

APPENDIX 23

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P38C

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 4.

10 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.6

0 m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

15

46.

8.20

1313

:40

4.25

not i

n us

e4.

251

PV

P38

C00

0154

.dat

5.7

6.07

E-0

70.

994

8.02

E-0

79.

84E

-07

142

APPENDIX 23

inpu

t file

PVP3

8C00

0154

.dat

date

6.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.6 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

25

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

25

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

7

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

7tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

3.34

H0

2.24

80

t 049

397.

99t en

d (s)

5030

1.99

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

904

T 068

6.98

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)6.

0687

6E-0

7lo

gK-6

.22

ln((

H-h

)/(H

-H0)

) = a

*t +

bTh

iem

ana

lysi

s fo

r con

trol

ab

flow

-0.0

0129

7912

-0.1

0836

5357

t149

822.

04h1

2.78

63.

3416

2E-0

60.

0017

4457

5t2

4984

2h2

2.80

10.

9940

4995

10.

0262

6271

2Q

(m3 /s

)8.

74E-

07dh

(m)

0.55

1508

60.4

615

903

KTh

iem

(m/s

)8.

02E-

07lo

gK-6

.10

104.

0529

897

0.62

2826

212

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

76S

tat t

ests

tight

test

sta

t, a

<> 0

388.

41t1

4941

8.03

h12.

311

test

sta

t, b

<> 0

62.1

2t2

4969

9h2

2.69

4t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)1.

65E-

06dh

(m)

0.84

KTh

iem

(m/s

)9.

84E-

07lo

gK-6

.01

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

0.

62

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

0.1

1.0

10.049

350

4955

049

750

4995

050

150

5035

0

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5 49

000

4920

049

400

4960

049

800

5000

050

200

5040

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

143

APPENDIX 24 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN OL-PVP38D

145

APPENDIX 24

Area

:H

ole:

Mea

sure

r:O

lkilu

oto

PV

P38D

Paul

iina

Alho

, Iiro

Kuu

sist

o

Wat

er le

vel b

efor

e st

artin

g 4.

41 m

The

refe

renc

e le

vel t

o de

pth

is to

p of

the

casi

ng, t

he le

ngth

of t

he c

asin

g is

0.8

m

File

Dat

eTi

me

Dep

th

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

open

bo

reho

le

(m)

Dep

th o

f pr

essu

re

sens

or

mea

s.

sect

ion

(m)

Mov

ing

pist

on

(m)

NO

TE!

m

easu

rem

ent/h

ole

&run

m

easu

rem

ent

dept

h (m

) be

low

gro

und

leve

l mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

) R

2 K

Thie

m

(m/s

) flo

w K

Thie

m

(m/s

)tigh

t c

omm

ents

15

56.

8.20

1314

:02

4.56

not i

n us

e4.

561

PV

P38

D00

0155

.dat

2.3

7.55

E-0

90.

983

8.02

E-0

96.

26E

-09

T0 n

ot re

ache

d

146

APPENDIX 24

inpu

t file

PVP3

8D00

0155

.dat

date

6.8.

2013

TOC

(m)

0.8 0

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)4.

56

dept

h of

pre

ssur

e se

nsor

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)5.

56

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)1.

3

dept

h of

mea

s. s

ectio

n (m

)2.

3tu

be d

iam

eter

(mm

)39

.19

r (m

m)

19.6

0H

3.32

H0

2.29

00

t 050

693.

04t en

d (s)

5159

7.04

Tim

e ra

nge

(s)

904

T 055

250.

02

L (m

)2

scre

en d

iam

. (m

m)

52sc

reen

radi

us R

(mm

)26

L/R

76.9

2K

(m/s

)7.

5458

7E-0

9T0

not

reac

hed

logK

-8.1

2ln

((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

a*t

+ b

Thie

m a

naly

sis

for c

ontro

la

bflo

w-1

.811

33E-

050.

0007

6129

2t1

5098

4.03

h12.

294

7.81

224E

-08

4.07

823E

-05

t251

003.

99h2

2.29

40.

9834

8006

0.00

0613

985

Q (m

3 /s)

1.65

E-08

dh (m

)1.

0353

758.

2168

190

3K

Thie

m (m

/s)

8.02

E-09

logK

-8.1

00.

0202

6562

0.00

0340

41K

Hvo

rsle

v / K

Thie

m

0.94

Sta

t tes

tstig

htte

st s

tat,

a <>

023

1.86

t150

712.

99h1

2.29

1te

st s

tat,

b <>

018

.67

t250

993.

97h2

2.29

4t-c

ritic

al, 9

0%1.

96Q

(m3 /s

)1.

29E-

08dh

(m)

1.03

KTh

iem

(m/s

)6.

26E-

09lo

gK-8

.20

KH

vors

lev /

KTh

iem

1.

21

refe

renc

e w

ater

leve

l at t

he m

easu

rem

ent s

ectio

n b

ased

on

phas

e 1,

ref g

roun

d le

vel

wat

er le

vel a

t the

mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

afte

r d

istu

rban

ce, r

ef g

roun

d le

vel

tim

e of

dis

turb

ance

equ

ival

ent a

rea

to a

dou

ble

tube

with

out

er d

iam

56

mm

and

inne

r dia

m 4

0 m

m

initi

al, r

ef to

c

fina

l, re

f toc

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

top

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of t

he s

ectio

n

end

of t

ime

rang

e us

ed to

line

fitti

ng

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e ra

dius

bas

ic ti

me

lag,

t co

rresp

ondi

ng th

e tim

e w

hen

ln((H

-h)/(

H-H

0)) =

-1

leng

th o

f mea

sure

men

t sec

tion

equ

al to

bor

ehol

e di

amet

er

Tim

e ra

nge

used

for i

nter

pret

atio

n

0.1

1.0

10.050

650

5085

051

050

5125

051

450

(H-h)/(H-H0)

t (s)

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5 50

400

5060

050

800

5100

051

200

5140

051

600

5180

0


t (s)

Mea

sure

men

t Sec

tion

147

APPENDIX 25 SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS

149

APPENDIX 25

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2002

Hol

eTe

st s

ectio

n,

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

(m)

KH

vors

lev (

m/s

)K

Thie

m (m

/s)

Test

sec

tion,

re

f gro

und

leve

l, m

idpo

int o

f th

e se

ctio

n (m

)

KH

vors

lev (

m/s

)K

Thie

m (m

/s)

Test

sec

tion,

re

f gro

und

leve

l, m

idpo

int o

f th

e se

ctio

n (m

)

KH

vors

lev (

m/s

)K

Thie

m (m

/s)

Test

sec

tion,

re

f gro

und

leve

l, m

idpo

int o

f th

e se

ctio

n (m

)

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)K

Thie

m

(m/s

)Te

st s

ectio

n,

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

(m)

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)K

Thie

m

(m/s

)Te

st s

ectio

n,

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

(m)

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)K

Thie

m

(m/s

)Te

st s

ectio

n,

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

(m)

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)K

Thie

m

(m/s

)C

omm

ents

OL-

PP

52.

692.

8E-0

64.

5E-0

52.

56.

8E-0

61.

1E-0

5de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

19

cm

OL-

PP

52.

691.

6E-0

53.

8E-0

5th

e m

easu

rem

ent h

as n

ot s

ucce

eded

OL-

PP

53.

694.

6E-0

77.

3E-0

73.

237.

5E-0

68.

5E-0

6de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

54.

697.

7E-0

61.

3E-0

54.

237.

6E-0

61.

2E-0

5de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

55.

72.

0E-0

73.

9E-0

75.

692.

4E-0

74.

1E-0

75.

231.

8E-0

83.

5E-0

8de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

56.

71.

0E-0

72.

1E-0

76.

692.

0E-0

74.

1E-0

76.

232.

1E-0

73.

3E-0

7de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

57.

77.

6E-0

81.

5E-0

77.

699.

6E-0

81.

9E-0

77.

236.

0E-0

87.

2E-0

8de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

58.

79.

1E-0

82.

0E-0

78.

691.

0E-0

72.

1E-0

78.

231.

0E-0

71.

9E-0

7de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

59.

71.

5E-0

73.

2E-0

79.

691.

6E-0

73.

3E-0

79.

233.

2E-0

75.

0E-0

7de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

510

.71.

4E-0

73.

3E-0

710

.69

1.6E

-07

3.6E

-07

10.2

31.

7E-0

72.

7E-0

7de

pths

of t

est s

ectio

ns in

200

2 an

d 20

05 d

iffer

46

cm

OL-

PP

511

.07

1.4E

-08

2.7E

-08

OL-

PP

9O

L-P

P9

2.84

3.8E

-11

2.4E

-22

OL-

PP

93.

88.

3E-0

82.

1E-0

73.

841.

5E-0

92.

9E-0

9O

L-P

P9

4.83

4.7E

-06

6.7E

-06

4.83

5.2E

-06

6.7E

-06

4.8

1.9E

-06

2.8E

-06

4.84

1.8E

-06

1.7E

-06

OL-

PP

95.

834.

5E-0

91.

3E-0

85.

83-9

.6E

-10

2.1E

-09

5.8

2.3E

-08

1.3E

-07

5.84

2.5E

-09

6.6E

-09

OL-

PP

96.

85.

3E-0

61.

0E-0

5K

-val

ue d

iffer

s ra

dica

lly fr

om tw

o ot

her m

easu

rem

ents

from

the

sam

e se

ctio

n in

200

2 an

d 20

05O

L-P

P9

6.83

6.3E

-09

3.9E

-08

6.8

2.2E

-08

2.1E

-07

6.84

5.9E

-09

1.2E

-08

OL-

PP

97.

831.

3E-0

72.

2E-0

77.

81.

2E-0

73.

5E-0

77.

847.

3E-0

81.

2E-0

7O

L-P

P9

8.83

3.5E

-07

5.4E

-07

8.8

5.0E

-08

3.0E

-07

8.84

4.2E

-07

6.4E

-07

OL-

PP

99.

833.

3E-0

74.

9E-0

79.

81.

7E-0

73.

6E-0

79.

841.

1E-0

71.

7E-0

7O

L-P

P9

10.8

3-6

.0E

-10

1.4E

-08

10.8

3.4E

-08

2.5E

-07

10.8

42.

4E-0

96.

8E-0

9O

L-P

P9

11.8

32.

7E-0

92.

1E-0

811

.82.

6E-0

82.

3E-0

711

.84

4.3E

-09

1.0E

-08

OL-

PP

912

.84

2.3E

-09

2.6E

-08

OL-

PP

913

.32

3.8E

-09

1.1E

-08

OL-

PP

36O

L-P

P36

5.67

1.2E

-08

2.1E

-08

5.67

1.0E

-08

1.8E

-08

5.67

1.3E

-08

2.3E

-08

OL-

PP

366.

671.

4E-0

73.

0E-0

76.

671.

2E-0

72.

4E-0

76.

671.

3E-0

72.

2E-0

76.

671.

3E-0

72.

4E-0

7O

L-P

P36

7.67

6.8E

-07

1.4E

-06

OL-

PP

367.

674.

8E-0

78.

3E-0

77.

674.

2E-0

77.

3E-0

77.

675.

3E-0

77.

8E-0

77.

675.

2E-0

77.

7E-0

7O

L-P

P36

8.67

5.4E

-07

9.6E

-07

8.67

6.0E

-07

1.1E

-06

8.67

4.7E

-07

7.5E

-07

8.67

1.6E

-08

5.2E

-08

OL-

PP

394.

951.

3E-0

72.

5E-0

74.

951.

2E-0

72.

4E-0

74.

951.

2E-0

71.

8E-0

74.

951.

2E-0

72.

3E-0

74.

949.

6E-0

81.

7E-0

74.

926.

2E-0

81.

5E-0

7O

L-P

P39

5.95

1.3E

-08

2.9E

-08

5.95

1.4E

-08

3.9E

-08

5.95

9.7E

-09

6.0E

-09

5.95

8.5E

-09

3.2E

-08

5.94

3.9E

-09

1.3E

-08

5.92

2.7E

-08

9.5E

-08

OL-

PP

396.

954.

6E-0

68.

0E-0

66.

953.

9E-0

66.

6E-0

66.

953.

8E-0

66.

7E-0

66.

954.

2E-0

65.

1E-0

66.

944.

5E-0

68.

1E-0

66.

944.

6E-0

67.

6E-0

6O

L-P

P39

7.95

4.2E

-06

6.8E

-06

7.95

3.6E

-06

6.4E

-06

7.95

3.1E

-06

5.9E

-06

7.95

7.5E

-06

5.3E

-06

7.94

4.8E

-06

8.4E

-06

7.94

4.3E

-06

7.2E

-06

OL-

PP

398.

957.

8E-0

92.

0E-0

88.

951.

5E-0

99.

7E-0

98.

953.

1E-0

84.

4E-0

88.

956.

1E-0

92.

8E-0

88.

941.

5E-0

81.

7E-0

88.

946.

2E-0

92.

7E-0

8O

L-P

P39

9.95

3.0E

-08

6.8E

-08

9.95

2.5E

-08

6.6E

-08

9.95

2.5E

-08

4.8E

-08

9.95

1.3E

-08

4.1E

-08

9.94

5.5E

-08

1.0E

-07

9.94

2.4E

-08

9.7E

-08

OL-

PP

3910

.95

2.6E

-09

1.8E

-08

10.9

51.

0E-0

91.

5E-0

810

.95

1.2E

-09

-3.5

E-0

910

.95

-1.5

E-0

9-2

.0E

-21

10.9

42.

4E-0

93.

6E-0

910

.94

1.6E

-10

4.3E

-09

OL-

PP

3911

.95

4.4E

-10

1.6E

-08

11.9

5-9

.1E

-10

1.7E

-08

11.9

52.

1E-0

96.

6E-0

911

.94

7.9E

-09

1.1E

-08

11.9

43.

7E-0

91.

4E-0

8

2013

2012

2011

2010

Hol

eTe

st s

ectio

n,

ref g

roun

d le

vel,

mid

poin

t of

the

sect

ion

(m)

KH

vors

lev (

m/s

)K

Thie

m (m

/s)

Test

sec

tion,

re

f gro

und

leve

l, m

idpo

int o

f th

e se

ctio

n (m

)

KH

vors

lev (

m/s

)K

Thie

m (m

/s)

Test

sec

tion,

re

f gro

und

leve

l, m

idpo

int o

f th

e se

ctio

n (m

)

KH

vors

lev (

m/s

)K

Thie

m (m

/s)

Test

sec

tion,

re

f gro

und

leve

l, m

idpo

int o

f th

e se

ctio

n (m

)

KH

vors

lev

(m/s

)K

Thie

m

(m/s

)

OL-

PP

364.

726.

0E-0

69.

0E-0

6O

L-P

P36

5.72

1.3E

-07

2.2E

-07

5.72

2.4E

-08

3.1E

-08

5.72

2.2E

-08

4.3E

-08

5.72

2.0E

-08

3.3E

-08

OL-

PP

366.

724.

5E-0

78.

0E-0

76.

721.

5E-0

72.

8E-0

76.

721.

5E-0

72.

8E-0

76.

721.

3E-0

72.

5E-0

7O

L-P

P36

OL-

PP

367.

727.

724.

2E-0

77.

6E-0

77.

724.

2E-0

77.

6E-0

77.

724.

5E-0

77.

9E-0

7O

L-P

P36

8.72

1.4E

-08

3.8E

-08

8.72

2.7E

-08

7.0E

-08

8.72

1.9E

-08

6.2E

-08

8.72

1.2E

-08

4.0E

-08

OL-

PP

395.

005.

002.

2E-0

73.

3E-0

75.

001.

4E-0

72.

8E-0

75.

001.

7E-0

73.

5E-0

7O

L-P

P39

6.00

2.9E

-06

4.5E

-06

6.00

8.2E

-08

1.8E

-07

6.00

9.1E

-09

1.6E

-08

6.00

1.4E

-08

5.0E

-08

OL-

PP

397.

003.

7E-0

66.

4E-0

67.

001.

2E-0

64.

9E-0

67.

004.

2E-0

67.

3E-0

67.

004.

2E-0

67.

4E-0

6O

L-P

P39

8.00

8.00

3.9E

-06

7.0E

-06

8.00

5.1E

-06

8.5E

-06

8.00

1.9E

-06

4.7E

-06

OL-

PP

399.

001.

2E-0

83.

1E-0

89.

007.

9E-0

81.

9E-0

79.

004.

1E-0

91.

1E-0

89.

001.

7E-0

86.

9E-0

8O

L-P

P39

10.0

010

.00

5.6E

-08

1.8E

-07

10.0

01.

3E-0

82.

6E-0

810

.00

1.4E

-07

2.8E

-07

OL-

PP

3911

.00

11.0

02.

4E-0

81.

3E-0

711

.00

-8.9

E-1

0-5

.9E

-09

11.0

07.

1E-0

94.

3E-0

8O

L-P

P39

12.0

07.

0E-0

81.

7E-0

712

.00

-1.4

E-0

9-5

.8E

-09

12.0

09.

8E-1

02.

2E-0

8

150

APPENDIX 25

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2002

Tube

Perfo

rate

d se

ctio

n fro

m

grou

nd

surfa

ce (m

-m)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

K Hvo

rsle

v (m

/s)

K Thi

em (m

/s)

Com

men

ts

OL-

PVP3

A3.

80-5

.80

6.5E

-06

5.3E

-06

1.3E

-05

1.6E

-05

OL-

PVP3

B1.

80-3

.80

1.1E

-05

1.7E

-05

1.7E

-05

2.1E

-05

OL-

PVP4

A5.

55-7

.55

1.2E

-05

1.8E

-05

9.8E

-06

1.3E

-05

1.3E

-05

1.9E

-05

1.0E

-05

1.6E

-05

1.4E

-05

2.0E

-05

1.5E

-05

2.2E

-05

1.5E

-05

2.2E

-05

1.5E

-05

2.2E

-05

1.4E

-05

2.1E

-05

1.4E

-05

2.0E

-05

9.7E

-06

1.3E

-05

OL-

PVP4

B2.

00-4

.00

6.3E

-06

9.1E

-06

5.0E

-06

7.3E

-06

7.9E

-06

1.2E

-05

4.1E

-06

5.9E

-06

2.9E

-06

4.2E

-06

4.0E

-06

5.2E

-06

3.9E

-06

5.5E

-06

4.2E

-06

6.0E

-06

3.3E

-06

4.6E

-06

3.1E

-06

3.7E

-06

3.0E

-06

3.4E

-06

OL-

PVP5

A3.

3E-0

64.

4E-0

6O

L-PV

P5B

1.3E

-06

1.5E

-06

OL-

PVP6

A3.

83-5

.83

1.7E

-07

1.0E

-07

7.2E

-08

1.0E

-07

7.9E

-08

1.2E

-07

7.9E

-08

1.3E

-07

1.1E

-07

1.6E

-07

8.8E

-08

1.8E

-07

8.3E

-08

1.4E

-07

9.8E

-08

8.9E

-08

4.8E

-08

8.6E

-08

OL-

PVP6

B1.

83-3

.83

2.6E

-07

8.1E

-07

2.4E

-06

3.7E

-06

3.5E

-06

5.1E

-06

3.8E

-06

5.7E

-06

3.9E

-06

5.5E

-06

2.0E

-06

3.0E

-06

9.8E

-06

1.4E

-05

2.6E

-06

4.3E

-06

2.3E

-06

1.1E

-06

OL-

PVP7

A1.

75-3

.75

3.6E

-07

5.0E

-07

2.9E

-07

4.1E

-07

3.5E

-07

4.1E

-07

OL-

PVP8

A4.

45-6

.45

1.2E

-05

1.7E

-05

1.1E

-05

1.6E

-05

3.4E

-06

5.0E

-06

OL-

PVP8

B2.

45-4

.45

1.9E

-07

3.4E

-07

4.5E

-07

6.3E

-07

4.2E

-07

1.1E

-06

OL-

PVP9

A5.

00-7

.00

3.7E

-05

9.0E

-05

6.2E

-05

8.9E

-05

8.5E

-05

1.2E

-04

OL-

PVP9

B3.

00-5

.00

7.6E

-05

5.9E

-05

1.8E

-05

7.3E

-05

5.1E

-07

6.0E

-06

OL-

PVP1

0A1.

00-3

.00

4.7E

-06

6.9E

-06

1.4E

-04

2.0E

-04

1.2E

-04

1.5E

-04

OL-

PVP1

0B0.

30-0

.50

2.2E

-05

6.7E

-05

3.8E

-05

6.3E

-05

4.8E

-06

9.3E

-06

OL-

PVP1

11.

20-3

.20

3.1E

-06

6.2E

-06

3.0E

-05

4.2E

-05

5.2E

-05

7.5E

-05

OL-

PVP1

22.

30-4

.30

8.7E

-07

1.5E

-06

2.1E

-06

3.4E

-06

1.8E

-06

1.7E

-06

OL-

PVP1

33.

10-5

.10

6.4E

-06

8.8E

-06

5.3E

-06

7.7E

-06

9.2E

-06

1.6E

-05

OL-

PVP1

46.

40-8

.40

2.7E

-05

3.4E

-05

2.0E

-05

3.0E

-05

3.2E

-05

3.8E

-05

1.7E

-05

2.4E

-05

1.7E

-05

2.4E

-05

1.9E

-05

2.7E

-05

1.9E

-05

2.7E

-05

2.6E

-05

3.7E

-05

4.5E

-05

6.9E

-05

8.2E

-05

1.2E

-04

OL-

PVP1

72.

30-4

.30

3.1E

-06

4.5E

-06

6.2E

-07

1.2E

-06

OL-

PVP1

8A3.

00-6

.00

1.6E

-06

2.0E

-06

1.3E

-06

1.5E

-06

OL-

PVP1

8B2.

00-3

.00

8.5E

-07

1.2E

-06

8.4E

-07

2.0E

-06

OL-

PVP1

8B2.

00-3

.00

6.7E

-07

1.7E

-06

OL-

PVP1

99.

15-1

1.15

13

.15-

15.1

51.

7E-0

61.

5E-0

61.

4E-0

61.

7E-0

66.

2E-0

71.

3E-0

6tw

o se

para

te p

erfo

rate

d se

ctio

nsO

L-PV

P20

8.60

-10.

607.

0E-0

68.

4259

E-06

1.0E

-05

1.1E

-05

1.1E

-05

1.6E

-05

OL-

PVP2

16.

75-8

.75

4.5E

-06

6.1E

-06

OL-

PVP2

25.

22-7

.22

2.5E

-06

3.9E

-06

OL-

PVP2

32.

43-4

.43

5.9E

-05

8.6E

-05

OL-

PVP2

41.

91-3

.91

4.5E

-06

6.5E

-06

OL-

PVP2

51.

91-2

.91

6.8E

-05

1.2E

-04

OL-

PVP2

60.

81-2

.81

5.2E

-05

7.7E

-05

OL-

PVP2

70.

59-2

.59

1.3E

-05

2.2E

-05

OL-

PVP2

81.

32-2

.82

3.7E

-06

5.6E

-06

OL-

PVP2

91.

59-3

.09

2.2E

-06

5.5E

-05

OL-

PVP3

00.

80-1

.80

1.5E

-05

2.8E

-05

7.0E

-05

1.0E

-04

5.0E

-05

8.2E

-05

6.7E

-05

1.2E

-04

OL-

PVP3

1A1.

59-3

.59

2.9E

-05

3.8E

-05

6.6E

-05

8.5E

-05

4.9E

-05

5.5E

-05

4.2E

-05

6.0E

-05

OL-

PVP3

1B2.

72-4

.72

8.2E

-05

5.8E

-05

3.8E

-05

4.6E

-05

9.7E

-08

1.7E

-07

9.1E

-08

8.3E

-07

OL-

PVP3

20.

20-2

.20

6.3E

-07

9.8E

-07

9.7E

-08

2.0E

-07

7.1E

-08

2.1E

-07

5.2E

-05

7.9E

-05

OL-

PVP3

30.

76-1

.76

2.0E

-05

-1.4

E-05

2.4E

-05

3.9E

-05

1.4E

-05

2.3E

-05

OL-

PVP3

4A3.

08-5

.08

4.8E

-06

6.4E

-06

4.5E

-06

6.1E

-06

4.8E

-06

6.8E

-06

4.0E

-06

5.4E

-06

OL-

PVP3

4B1.

21-3

.21

1.8E

-06

2.5E

-06

2.0E

-05

2.7E

-05

3.4E

-06

5.9E

-06

1.1E

-05

1.6E

-05

OL-

PVP3

54.

6E-0

51.

6E-0

3O

L-PV

P36

0.80

-2.8

07.

0E-0

61.

1E-0

57.

0E-0

79.

2E-0

7O

L-PV

P37A

8.00

-10.

005.

8E-0

68.

5E-0

64.

4E-0

64.

6E-0

6O

L-PV

P37B

3.80

-5.8

04.

7E-0

66.

6E-0

64.

7E-0

66.

6E-0

6O

L-PV

P37C

0.80

-2.8

05.

5E-0

73.

9E-0

76.

1E-0

68.

5E-0

6O

L-PV

P38A

10.8

0-12

.80

1.7E

-07

3.1E

-07

6.3E

-08

1.1E

-07

OL-

PVP3

8B7.

70-9

.70

3.1E

-07

3.9E

-07

2.5E

-07

1.9E

-07

OL-

PVP3

8C4.

70-6

.70

6.1E

-07

8.0E

-07

2.7E

-07

3.0E

-07

OL-

PVP3

8D1.

30-3

.30

1.6E

-07

6.4E

-07

OL-

HP1

4.00

-5.0

07.

3E-0

62.

0E-0

51.

9E-0

64.

2E-0

61.

6E-0

63.

3E-0

62.

2E-0

66.

8E-0

6O

L-H

P22.

00-3

.00

2.1E

-05

3.2E

-05

8.3E

-07

1.4E

-06

7.0E

-07

1.4E

-06

7.4E

-07

1.4E

-06

OL-

HP3

4.00

-5.0

08.

6E-0

61.

4E-0

57.

9E-0

71.

8E-0

63.

3E-0

71.

2E-0

6O

L-H

P42.

00-3

.00

1.8E

-05

7.9E

-06

1.2E

-04

1.4E

-04

4.3E

-05

5.9E

-05

9.6E

-06

2.9E

-05

151

APPENDIX 26 COMPARISON OF THE K- AND T-VALUES WITH THE PRE-PUMPING RESULTS

153

APPENDIX 26

Pum

ping

Sa

mpl

ing

date

Yiel

dYi

eld

Wat

er ta

ble

at s

tart

Wat

er ta

ble

at th

e en

dh

Leng

th o

utsi

de c

asin

gL

K Thi

emT

Slu

g te

st

LC

ompa

rison

Com

paris

onho

lel/m

inm

3 /sfro

m T

OC

, mfro

m T

OC

, mm

mm

m/s

m2 /s

KTh

iem

m/s

T m

2 /sm

Kpu

mp/K

slug

T p

ump/T

slug

OL-

PP36

22.8

.13

0.30

5.00

E-06

4.54

4.69

0.15

8.29

3.98

E-06

3.33

E-05

3.51

E-07

1.40

E-06

411

.34

23.7

5O

L-PP

3915

.8.1

30.

931.

54E-

051.

883.

731.

8512

.33

6.68

E-07

8.33

E-06

3.66

E-06

1.10

E-05

30.

180.

76O

L-P

VP

4A23

.4.1

33.

505.

83E-

050.

772.

441.

672

1.73

E-05

3.49

E-05

1.78

E-05

3.56

E-05

20.

970.

98O

L-P

VP

1424

.4.1

33.

606.

00E-

051.

503.

161.

662

1.79

E-05

3.61

E-05

3.39

E-05

6.79

E-05

20.

530.

53O

L-P

VP

302.

5.13

0.79

1.32

E-05

1.79

2.37

0.58

12.

27E-

052.

27E-

052.

78E-

052.

78E-

051

0.82

0.82

OL-

PVP3

1A2.

5.13

4.37

7.29

E-05

1.81

2.19

0.38

29.

60E-

051.

92E-

043.

77E-

057.

55E-

052

2.54

2.54

OL-

PV

P36

30.5

.13

0.86

1.43

E-05

1.90

2.76

0.86

28.

34E-

061.

67E-

051.

12E-

052.

24E-

052

0.74

0.74

OL-

PVP3

7A5.

6.13

1.68

2.79

E-05

1.58

3.75

2.17

26.

44E-

061.

29E-

058.

45E-

061.

69E-

052

0.76

0.76

OL-

PVP3

7B6.

6.13

1.31

2.18

E-05

1.62

3.69

2.07

25.

28E-

061.

05E-

056.

65E-

061.

33E-

052

0.79

0.79

OL-

PVP3

7C11

.6.1

30.

427.

00E-

060.

954.

243.

292

1.06

E-06

2.13

E-06

3.93

E-07

7.87

E-07

22.

712.

70

154

APPENDIX 27 CORRECTION TO PREVIOUS SLUG TEST REPORT

In the previous slug test report (Tammisto 2014), Figure 5-4a should be replaced with the following figure.

155

APPENDIX 27

Fig

ure

5-4a

. Hyd

raul

ic c

ondu

ctiv

ity (m

/s) i

n PV

P-tu

bes.

The

perf

orat

ed se

ctio

n is

two

met

ers.

156

slug tests in pp- and pvp-holes at olkiluoto in 2013

Documents