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Body Fluid Compartments:Un de r s tand i ng t he Concep t o f Hom eos t a sis

 Aviad Haramati, PhDProfessor of Physiology & Biophysics and Medicine

Georgetown University School of Medicine

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Why Do We Sweat When We Exercise?

Exercising muscle generates heat

Sweating is one way the body maintains itscore temperature

Heat is dissipated from the body, as thefluid evaporates off the skin

W here doe s the f lu id i n sw ea t c om e fr om ?

… and w ha t is in i t ?

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Impact of Fluid Loss as Sweat

Fluid Loss  

(% Body Wt)Physiological Effect

2% (1.5 L) Impaired Performance

4% (3.0 L) Decreased Capacity for Muscular Work

5% (3.5 L) Heat Exhaustion

7% (5.0 L) Hallucinations

10% (7.0 L) Circulatory Collapse/Heat Stroke

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Unicellular Organism

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Multicellular Organism

 “MilieuInterieur”

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Nutrients In

Waste Products Out

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Physiological Systems

Circulatory System

Heart and Vasculature

Respiratory System

Gastrointestinal System Renal/Urinary System

Musculoskeletal System

Nervous System Central and Peripheral

Endocrine System

Immune System

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Homeostasis

The process by which the body

maintains constancy in internalfunction in the face of changes 

in the external environment

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Major Body Fluid Compartments

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What are themain

constituentsof each

compartment?

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Composition of Body Fluid Compartments

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Measurement of Body Fluid

Compartments

Indicator-Dilution

Technique

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Interstitial Fluid Compartment

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Cell Membrane: Lipid Bilayer

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Capillary Wall

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Composition of Body FluidCompartments

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Solute Distribution

Na+ 

140 mEq/L

K+ 4 mEq/L K 

+

  150 mEq/L

Na+  10 mEq/L

MetabolicPump

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Composition of Body FluidCompartments