skull, dura & sinuses

Cranial Cavity

By

Dr. Noura El Tahawy

CRANIAL CAVITY

Dura Mater and Dural Folds:

1. Falx cerebri

2. Falx cerebelli

3. Tentorium cerebelli

4. Diaphragma sellae

Dural Venous Sinuses:

1. Single sinuses

2. Paired sinuses

Intra-cranial part of

Cranial Nerves

Hypophysis Cerebri

(pituitary gland)

Intracranial Part of

-Internal Carotid Artery

-Middle Meningeal Artery

Emissary & Diploic Veins

Boney Cranial Cavity

Roof of the cranial cavity.

Anterior cranial fossa.

Middle cranial fossa.

Posterior cranial fossa.

Cranial nerves and foramen of exit

from cranial cavity

Cranial nerves exiting the cranial cavity.

I olfactory cribriform plate of ethmoid

II optic optic foramen

III oculomotor superior orbital fissure

IV trochlear superior orbital fissure

V trigeminal:

V1 ophthalmic division superior orbital fissure

V2 maxillary division foramen rotundum

V3 mandibular division foramen ovale

VI abducens superior orbital fissure

VII facial internal auditory (or acoustic) meatus

VIII vestibulocochlear internal auditory (or acoustic) meatus

IX glossopharyngeal jugular foramen

X vagus jugular foramen

XI spinal accessory foramen magnum and jugular foramen

XII hypoglossal hypoglossal foramen

Cranial nerves and foramen of exit from cranial cavity

1- Olfactory

2- Optic

3- Occulomotor

4- Trochlear6- Abducent

5- Trigeminal

7- Facial

8- Vestibulcochlear

9- Glossopharyngeal

10- Vagus

11- Accessory12- Hypoglossal

Dura& Dural Folds

Cranial cavity

Arrangement of the meninges and spaces.

Dural venous

sinuses.

Parasagittal section of the head showing the disposition of the falx cerebri and

tentorium cerebelli.

The cerebral dura mater, its reflections and major venous sinuses

The cerebral dura mater

section of the head showing the disposition of the falx cerebri, together with some of

the dural venous sinuses and subarachnoid cisterns.

Part of cranial cavity

Dural reflections and venous sinuses. The midbrain

occupies the tentorial notch.

The dura mater of the floor of the cranial cavity and the superior aspect of the tentorium cerebelli.

Representation of the cavernous sinus and its venous relationships are greatly simplified and are

shown on the left only. Note that the trochlear and abducens nerves have not been shown

Tentorium cerebelli

Venous sinuses

on the base of

the skull. The

dura mater has

been removed

on the right

side. The inset

indicates

where grooves

for sinuses are

seen on the dry

skull. Note: On

the left, the

midbrain is

seen at the

level of the

tentorial notch.

On the right, a

lower level

section shows

the trigeminal

nerve attached

to the pons.

Falx Cerebri

Falx Cerebelli

Tentorium

Cerebelli

Trigeminal Ganglion

Cavum Trigeminale

Outer Endosteal

Layer of the Dura

Inner Meningeal

Layer of the Dura

Arterial Supply of Meninges

Middle meningeal artery

Dural arterial supply.


External carotid artery

Maxillary artery

Superficial Temporal

artery

Lateral Pterygoid

Muscle


Lateral pterygoid

muscle

Middle meningeal

artery

Auriculotemporal

nerve

Mandibular nerve

and

Otic ganglion

Middle Meningeal Artery

Auricultemporal Nerve

Branches of


Middle meningeal

artery

Pterygomeningeal branch

Termination of


Anterior terminal branch

(Frontal branch)

Posterior terminal branch

(Parietal branch)

Anastomosing branch

Middle meningeal artey

Side view of skull. The circle encloses the pterion.

Inion

Nasion

Midpoint of the zygomatic arch

Frontozygomatic

Suture

1 inch

1.5inch

2 inch

1 inch 1.5inch

2 inch

Innervation of the dura mater

Dural innervation.

Veins, meninges, and dural venous sinuses.

The Diploic Veins

Dural venous sinuses

Dural venous sinuses

� Single

� Superior sagittal S.

� Infreior sagittal S.

� Straight S.

� Intercavernous Ss.

� Basilar venous plexsus

� Occipital S.

� Paired

� Sphenoparietal S.

� Cavernous S.

� Superior petrosal S.

� Inferior petrosal S.

� Transverse S.

� Sigmoid S.

Coronal Section

Endosteal Layer

Meningeal

Layer

Venous

Sinus

Pia

Arachnoid

Subarachnoid Villi

and

GranulationsEmissary Vein

Cerebral Vein

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

Straight

Sinus

Occipital Sinus

Intercavernous Sinuses

Basilar Plexus of Sinuses

Single Dural Venous

Sinuses

Sphenoparietal sinus

Cavernous sinus

Superior petrosal

sinus

Transverse sinus

Inferior petrosal

sinus

Sigmoid

sinus

Paired Dural Venous Sinuses

Single Dural Venous Sinuses


1- Superior Sagittal Sinus

Termination of Superior Sagittal Sinus

Left

Transverse sinusSuperior Sagittal Sinus

Right

Transverse sinus

Straight sinus

Structures that open into the



Vena Lacunae Lateralis

1- Vena Lacunae Lateralis

Subarachnoid Villi and Granulations

2- Arachnoid Villi and Granulations

Tributaries of the Superior Sagittal Sinus

1- Superior Cerebral Veins

2- Emissary Veins


Superior

Cerebral Vein

Coronal Section

Endosteal Layer

Meningeal

Layer

Venous

Sinus

Pia

Arachnoid

Subarachnoid Villi

and

GranulationsEmissary Vein

Cerebral Vein


Great Cerebral Vein

Straight Sinus

2- Inferior Sagittal Sinus


Great Cerebral Vein

Straight Sinus

3- The Straight Sinus

Occipital Dural Venous Sinus

4- The Occipital Sinus

Intercavernous Sinuses

5- Intercavernous Sinuses

Pituitary Gland

Outer Endosteal

Layer of the Dura Inner Meningeal

Layer of the Dura

Diaphragma Sellae

Intercavernous

Dural Sinuses

Basilar Plexus of Sinuses

6- Basilar Plexus of Sinuses

II- Paired Sinuses


Cavernous sinus

Superior petrosal

sinus

Transverse sinus

Inferior petrosal

sinus

Sigmoid

sinus


A tributary from

The anterior division of

The middle meningeal vein

Small dural veins

1- Spenoparietal Sinus

Cavernous sinus

2- Cavernous Sinus

Cavernous Sinuses

Internal carotid Artery

with

Sympathetic Plexus

Abducent Nerve

Occulomotor Nerve

Trochlear Nerve

Ophthalmic Nerve

Maxillary Nerve

Superior Petrosal Sinus

Superior cerebellar veins

Inferior cerebral

veins

Veins from

Tympanic cavity

3- Superior Petrosal

Sinus

Inferior Petrosal Sinus

Labyrinthine veins

Medullary veinsPontine veins

Inferior cerebellar

veins

Basilar plexus of veins

4- Inferior Petrosal

Sinus

The Transverse sinus

The occipital sinus

The superior petrosal

sinus

Inferior cerebral

veinsCereb

ellar veins

Posterior

Temporal

Diploic

Vein

Occipital

Diploic

Vein

5- Transverse Sinus

Sigmoid Sinus

Communication with

Suboccipital plexus of veins

Communication with

Occipital and / or

Posterior auricular veins

Occipital

Sinus

6- Sigmoid Sinus

Intracranial Hemorrahge

�Extradural hemorrahge

� Arterial or venous

� Results from injury to the meningeal arteries or veins

�Subdural hemorrahge

� Venous

� Results from injury to the superficial superior cerebral veins

� Subarachnoid hemorrage

� Results from leakage or rupture

of a congenital aneurysm on the

circle of Willis or angioma

� Cerebral hemorrage

� Results from rupture of one of

the intracerebral thin walled

arteries (lenticulostriate artery)

Thank you

skull, dura & sinuses

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