skos - an overview
TRANSCRIPT
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SKOS – An Overview
Antoine Isaac Webinar “Vocabularies as a Service”
October 15, 2015
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Knowledge Organization Systems • Classification systems • Thesauri • Subject heading lists • Gazetteers • Etc…
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Simple Knowledge Organization System
SKOS is for exchanging KOSs as Linked Data (in RDF) • Better than semi-structured data (CSV) • Still relatively simple
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A SKOS RDF graph animals cats
UF domestic cats RT wildcats BT animals SN used only for domestic
cats domestic cats
USE cats wildcats
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Representing formal semantics
The formal way: OWL Semantic Web ontology language
Used for ontologies that enable machine reasoning Mother is a class Parent is the class of entities of type Person that are related to
at least one other resource of type Person using the child property
…
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Do we want to represent every vocabulary as a formal ontology?
It is possible, but not easy KOS are large KOS have “soft” semantics
Parent RelatedTerm Child!
KOS have a focus on terminological information Child UsedFor Offspring!
Softer semantics can be useful for many applications!
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Using SKOS in Europeana
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Europeana - a platform to access European culture
Currently 44M objects
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Europeana and KOSs
Create a “semantic layer” on top of cultural heritage objects
From: Stefan Gradmann
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Linked Open Data
http://vimeo.com/36752317
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Benefits of using contextual resources
Allows to present users with richer context Fuels multilingual search & display
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Multilingual & semantic linked data for concepts
<skos:Concept rdf:about="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300211124"> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">magic lanterns</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="nl">toverlantaarns</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">Laterna magica</skos:prefLabel> <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="es">linternas mágicas</skos:prefLabel> <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300211119"/>
</skos:Concept>
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Vocabularies currently provided to Europeana
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Automatic semantic metadata enrichment
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Beyond simple SKOS
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KOS alignments
KOS 1: animals cats wildcats
KOS 2: animal human object
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Finer-grained semantics
More precise relationships and formal semantics for query expansion or data validation
ISO 25964 and Getty SKOS extensions
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Finer-grained semantics
Depth level in classifications, concept associations XKOS
Pre-coordinated strings MADS/RDF
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Finer-grained semantics?
Finer-grained semantics can be useful, but core models are key
• What most people start using • Where most of the interoperability benefits lie
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Application scenarios
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Searching/Browsing
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Description/Annotation
Pundit @ DM2E project http://dm2e.eu
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Vocabulary Services
https://vocabs.ands.org.au/
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