skit activity
DESCRIPTION
Skit Activity . The class is to respect each group as they present their skit and remain quiet . . The Origins of Slavery. Key Terms. Mercantalism Navigation Acts Glorious Revolution Salutary Neglect “Geography = Destiny” Cash Crop Middle Passage Olaudah Equiano Stono Rebellion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Skit Activity The class is to respect each group as they present
their skit and remain quiet.
The Origins of Slavery
Key Terms Mercantalism
Navigation Acts
Glorious Revolution
Salutary Neglect
“Geography = Destiny”
Cash Crop
Middle Passage
Olaudah Equiano
Stono Rebellion
The Great Awkening
Benjamin Franklin
Background: 1-1400 A.D. Origins
What is a Slave?
Requirements for Slavery
Roman Slavery
Portugal, 1400-1600
1450 = turning point first black Africans sent to Portugal
Shift from raiding to trading
1500s growth in demand for sugar Caribbean and Brazil
Transatlantic Slave trade What was the Slave Trade?
Parties involved Portugal Spain Dutch French English United States
Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage
Rum and other goods from England to Africa
Merchandise for slaves – transported from Africa to the West Indies, sold for sugar and molasses
Goods then shipped to New England to be distilled into rum
New World Slavery: Barbados “The epicenter of human
misery” – The West Indies
Geography is destiny What is meant by this?
Decimation of the Caribs pigs paradise
1630, indentured servants Sugar boom Barbados = key to Enlgish wealth
New World Slavery: Barbados (cont.)
Scale of their labor
1660, Blacks majority on the island
Creation of White solidarity
New World Slavery: South Carolina
Background
A different type of colony culture from Barbados
1710, Blacks were the majority
1730, 2:1 ratio of Blacks to Whites
Stono Rebellion September 1739
20 slaves gather at Stono River
Killings beating drums
Tightening of harsh slave laws
Slave rebellions would remain a pattern
Dependency on slave labor
Review Questions What is a slave?
Requirements for slavery?
What is the triangular trade?
What is meant by “Geography = Destiny”
What was the staple crop of Barbados?
Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth Century
People
Society
Economy
Politics
People European Population
1600 – 0 1650 – 50k 1670 – 100k 1700 – 250k 1730 – 635k 1760 – 1.6 million people 1775 – 2.5 million
Demographic English and Welsh Germans and Swiss African Dutch Scots-Irish Scots Highlanders
People
1700-1740 – What’s going on?
Re-anglicanization
Colonists love English liberties
Salutary Neglect Seeds of self government
Politics 1685 James II the
Dominion of New England
Sir Edmund Andros furious reaction
“A Mixed and balanced constitution”
Glorious Revolution William and Marry of Orange
Reaction in Massachusetts
Economy Mercantilism Strong and
productive
Reminder: Navigation Acts Reaction in Massachusetts
Engine of economy: sugar Barbados Jamaica
Slave imports and mortality rates
Society Pyramid/Hierarchical
Land of opportunity?
Staple product: Slavery Age of “Enlightenment”
Slow movement towards becoming African America
Benjamin Franklin
The Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards
Questioning traditional authority
Society Agricultural South
Plantation economy Tobacco: Maryland,
Virginia, North Carolina Rice: South Carolina,
Georgia Role of women: second
class citizens Slaves and indentured
servants
Commercial North A diversified economy
Crops and Animals: New York, Pennsylvania
Manufacturing and shipping: New England and Middle colonies
Single cash crop Slavery? Role of Women
Writing Activity: American Identity
Essential Question/Theme: American Identity Most colonists, despite having lived in North America for generations, identify
themselves more as Englishman that as “American.” Because our nation prides itself in being a melting pot of different cultures, our people periodically go through an “identity crisis.”
What do you identify yourself as? By this I mean, do you identify yourself as an American, as Chamorro, as Guamanian, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Palauan…etc. Write 1-2 (front and back) page response in your notebook in which you explain what your identity is and how you define yourself as. In short, who are you, what defines you, and what makes you uniquely, you?
Options: Essay or Spoken Word
Once you have written this down, share your thoughts with your classmate, and jot her response in your notes as well
Review questions What is mercantilism?
What is meant by salutary neglect and what are some outcomes of it?
What was the Dominion of New England and who was Sir Edmund Andros?
What was the Glorious Revolution?
What were the Navigation Acts?
What was the driving force of the English economy?
What are the key differences between the Northern and Southern economies?
What was the Great Awakening? Who was involved? Outcomes?
Anglo- French Rivalries and the Seven Years War, 1739-1775
CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Key Concepts Prior to 1763, the British subordinated American capital to British
capital
The British success in the French and Indian War transformed the relationship between British and the American colonies
British policies after 1763 were designed to raise revenues to pay for the cost of the empire
The American colonists were divided over what course of action to take in response to the British policies
The Americans created a gov’t, the Continental Congress, to address the deteriorating relationship between Britain and the colonies
The French in the Americas France: Britain’s greatest rival
Colonists naturally favored British
France in North America Jacques Cartier: St. Lawrence
River Samuel De Champlain: Quebec Cavelier and La Salle: Louisiana Population difference: 70k vs. 1
million Education: 25% literacy rate Relations with Indians: friendlier
European Colonies in the New World1750 French and British
imperialistic rivalry The World Wars in Europe in America1688-1697 War of the League of Augsburg King Wm’s War 1689-16971701-1713 War of Sp. Succession Queen Anne’s War 1702-17131740 -1748 War of Austrian Succession King George’s War 1744-17481756-1763 Seven Years War Fr & Indian War 1754-17631778-1783 The American Revolution American Revolution 1775-17831793-1802 Wars of the French Revolution Undeclared Fr. War 1798-18001803-1815 Napoleonic Wars War of 1812 1812-18141914 -1918 World War I World War I 1917-19181939-1945 World War II World War II 1941-1945
North America in 1750
French and Indians
British French
Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians
The Ohio Valley
1754 The First Clash
Note these two forts!
FORT DUQUESNE
This compact Vauban style (the original death star!) fort was built partially of horizontal, squared, oak and chestnut timbers laid in criblocked walls with tamped earth and rock fill on the land side and upright stockade walls
on the sides abutting the rivers.
FORT NECESSITY
Background Born in Virginia, 1732
Married to Martha Custis
Personality: Physically brace, personally proud, composed, stoic, obsession with self-control
No college education
Served as a lieutenant colonel in the French and Indian War
Major Characters in the French and Indian War
Washington
Mosieur De Jumonville
Tanacharison
George Washington and War In the French and Indian War
Involved in a massacre he oversaw Another one he survived An embarrassing defeat And a hollow victory
In the American Revolution Suffered horrible losses in Brandywine Allowed Philadelphia to be captured Played a minor role in the Victory in Saratoga
"Join or Die"
This is Benjamin Franklin's 1754 cartoon emphasizing the need for the various colonies and regions to work together. While this became a potent message during the revolutionary period of the 1770s, the cartoon was actually intended to unite colonists against the Indian threat.
Ben Franklin à representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA
Albany Congress failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.
The French & Indian War1755 British reaction - eliminate Fr.
presence in N. AmericaGen. Edward Braddock evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces.
• Fr and Indians rampage across frontier from Pa. to NC
British
• March in formation or bayonet charge.
• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.
• Drills & tough discipline.
• Colonists should pay for their own defense.
• Indian-style guerilla tactics.• Col. militias served under own captains.
• No mil. deference or protocols observed.
• Resistance to rising taxes.
• Casual, non-professionals.
Methods ofFighting:
MilitaryOrganization:
MilitaryDiscipline:
Finances:
Demeanor:
1756 British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
A He understood colonial concerns.
A He offered them a compromise:
- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. would reimburse col. assemblies for their costs.
- Lord Loudoun would be removed.- appoints James Wolfe to command
RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by 1758.
1757 William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister
* By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.
1758-1761 The Tide Turns for England
BATTLE ON THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.
1763 Treaty of Paris
North America in 1763
Worksheet Fr. & Ind. War Transforms Colonial Relations in N. America
The first four years saw nothing but severe reverses for the British regulars and American colonials, primarily because of superior French land forces in the New World. Lack of colonial assistance to the war effort compounded British problems. By the end of 1757, however, the course of the war began to be altered by three major influences.
1. One was the dynamic leadership of the British prime minister, William Pitt the Elder, who saw that victory in North America was the supreme task in the worldwide struggle and who has been truly called the organizer of victory in the Great War for the Empire.
2. The second was the increasing superiority of British financial and industrial resources, food supplies, and naval equipment, as opposed to growing national bankruptcy and economic paralysis faced by France.
3. Finally, both the British and Americans were becoming seasoned wilderness fighters.
http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9035340/French-and-Indian-War
Jot this on the top of your page.Quickly list the 5 major causes that follow
1. English-French rivalry worldwide
2. World War b/w two powerful empires
3. English, w/ colonial help, fight Fr. And their Native American allies
4. Fr. Finally lose war & are expelled from N. America
5. Eng. Inherit vast new land holdings in N. America
1. It doubled the size of Britain’s North American territory
and it must be governed2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. They will have to pay to maintain and control this vast empire. To make matters worse, citizens in Great Britain were already heavily taxed.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Intractable American colonists were not about to accept restrictions on their activities. Some colonists, in fact, were beginning to compete effectively with British capitalists and refused to subordinate their economic interests to those of British manufacturers.
4. Hostile NA in the Appalachian region, who felt threatened by American westward expansion into the Ohio River Valley, needed to be controlled. - Pontiac’s Rebellion
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!
Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.
Effects of the War on the American
Colonials
In your notebooks