THE HUMAN BODYSkeletal System Muscular SystemCirculatory System Respiratory SystemDigestive System Excretory System

Epithelial TissueLine or cover all body surfacesProtects, allows diffusion, reduces friction, assists in cleaningTightly bound3 basic types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar

SquamousLining of capillaries and alveoliCuboidalLining of Kidney tubes

ColumnarLining of stomach, intestines

Connective TissueMost abundant and diverseBinds, supports and protects structuresCells embedded protein fibers and large amounts of matrix Intercellular substanceSolid, semisolid or liquidEx: cartilage, tendons, fat and blood

Loose ConnectiveDense ConnectiveCartilage

Muscle TissueCells that can contract3 types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Smooth: individual cells, lines blood vessels and all organs, not striatedInvoluntary except for anus sphincter musclewhich we learn to control Skeletal: attached to bone by tendons and ligamentsNo individual cells, striated, voluntaryMass of cytoplasm with numerous nucleifilled with actin and myosinCardiac: heart, involuntary, striated

Nervous TissueCells (neurons) that receive and transmit messages Brain, spinal cord, nerves, retina of eyeCoordinate voluntary/involuntary responses, response, regulation of body processes

Anterior SuperiorInferiorPosterior

0 Adult Human Body has 206 bones

O A baby has about 300 bones

0 Make up less than 20% of your body mass

0 Bones are not dry and rigid. They are moist, living tissue!

***You have to memorize 25!!!(spelling counts)

Bones of the skull, ribs, spine and sternumBones of the arms, legs, scapula, clavicle and pelvis

craniumclaviclemaxillamandiblesternumhumerusribscervical vertebraelumbar vertebraesacral vertebraepelvisulnaradiuscarpalsmetacarpalsphalangesfemurpatellatibiafibulatarsalsmetatarsalsphalangespubisscapula

Periosteum: tough membrane that covers the surfaceHard bone (compact): dense connective tissue-provides supportSpongy Bone: network of separated connective tissues: makes them light and strongYellow Bone Marrow: mostly fat-energy reserveRed Bone Marrow: production of blood and plateletsBlood Vessels: supplies nutrientsPeriosteum(Red and Yellow)http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/daniel_kraft_invents_a_better_way_to_harvest_bone_marrow.html

JointsFixed (Immovable): prevent movement. Small amount of connective tissue absorbs impactEx: Skull

Cartilaginous (Semimovable): permit limited movementSeparated by disks of cartilaginous tissue to compress and absorb shockEx: vertebral column, rib cage

Synovial (movable): Ex: shoulder, hip, elbow, saddle, gliding

OsteoporosisThinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time1 in 5 American women (over 50)Fails to form enough new bone, when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the bodyNot enough calcium/phosphate

ArthritisInflammation of jointsOver 100 different typesBreakdown of cartilage due toAutoimmune diseaseBroken boneGeneral wear and tearinfectionhttp://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/kevin_stone_the_bio_future_of_joint_replacement.html

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Muscular SystemMyofibrils: bundle of threadlike structures

Two types of protein (thick and thin)

Myosin: thickActin: thin

Form overlapping pattern, gives striation

Anchored at their endpoints to a Z line

Sarcomere: one Z line to anotherMake up the bulk of the body

Muscle Contraction

Tendon: connects bone to muscleOrigin: point at which the muscle attaches to the stationary boneEx: bicep-scapulaInsertion: point at which muscle attaches to the moving boneEx: bicep-radius

Muscles arranged in pairsFlexor: muscle that bends (biceps)Extensor: muscle that straightens (triceps)(Ligaments: bone to bone)

Bill Nyehttp://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=7673