nutrition: the circulatory and excretory...
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Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
NUTRITION:THECIRCULATORYANDEXCRETORYSYSTEMS
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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• Theinternalenvironment• Bloodcomposi3on• Bloodvessels• Heart• Heartbeat• Bloodcircula3on• Lympha3csystem• Excretorysystem• Nephron• Healthyhabitsofthecirculatory
andexcretorysystems
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
THEINTERNALENVIRONMENT
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NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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All cells need to live in aenvironment that providesthem with all the nutrientsthey need. In addi3on, thesame environment allowsce l l s to re l ease was tesubstances resul3ng fromtheirmetabolism.
The internal environment isformedbyintersKKalplasma.
Capillary
IntersKKalplasmaBloodprovidescells
withthenutrientstheyneed.
Bloodremoveswasteproductsproducedduringcellmetabolism.
Tissuecellsexchangesubstanceswiththeinters33alplasma.
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
BLOODCOMPOSITION
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NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
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watermineralsaltsproteinslipidsglucosewasteproducts
erythrocyte
leucocytesthrombocytes
Plasma
albuminglobulinfibrinogen
ureauricacid
Cells
lymphocytesmonocytesgranulocytes
eosinophilsbasophilsneutrophils
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
BLOODVESSELS
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NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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Bloodflowsthroughthecirculatorysystem,whichisconstructedbysomechannelscalledbloodvessels,andbyadriverorgan,theheart.
• Arteries:thesecarrybloodfromthehearttootherorgans.Theyhavewidemuscularwallsandareelas3c.
• Veins:thesecarrybloodfrom3ssuestotheheart.Theyhavethinnerwallsthanarteries.Inaddi3on,theyhavevalvesthatstopbloodfromgoingbackwards.
• Capillaries:thesearemicroscopicbloodvesselslocatedinalltheorganism's3ssues.Capillariesareformedbywallsthatonlyhaveonelayerofcells.
Direc3onflow
Arteriole VenuleDirec3onflow
Artery
Capillary
Vein
Connec3ve3ssueEndothelium(a
layerofcells)Connec3ve3ssue
Elas3cfibresandsmoothmuscle
Fibraselás3casymusculaturalisa
Valve
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
HEART
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NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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Theheart isahollowmuscularorgan. It isdivided into two parts, the leO and right,whicharecompletelyseparate.Each half of the heart is subdivided intotwochambers:anuppersmallerchambernamed the atrium, and a larger lowerchambernamedtheventricle.
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
HEARTBEATS
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Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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Aheartbeatisthemovementthatpumpsblood.Itperformsthreephases:
1. Atrialsystole:theatriumscontractandbloodispropelledthroughtheopenedatrioventricularvalvesintotheventricles.
2.Ventricularsystole:ventriclescontract,thesigmoidvalvesopenandthebloodcontainedinthemexitsthroughthepulmonaryarteryandtheaorta.Simultaneously,thevalvesthatconnectwithventriclesclose.
3.Diastole:theheartrelaxesandsucksbloodcomingfromthecavaandpulmonaryveinsintotheatriums.Bloodpropelledtowardsthearteriesduringtheventricularsystoledoesn'treturntotheventriclesthankstotheac3onofthesigmoidalvalves,whichcloseupandpreventthisfromhappening.
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
BLOODCIRCULATION
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NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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Our cardiovascular system is adouble system and goes throughtwo separate circuits: systemic andpulmonary. aorta
headandbloodsuperiorvena
cava
lungs
liver
StomachandintesKne
pulmonaryvein
mesentericartery
hepaKcartery
kidneys,genitalsandlegs
pulmonaryartery
hepaKcveinhepaKcportalvein
inferiorvenacava
Systemic circuit: blood starts in theleO ventricle and goes through theaorta,whichbranches intoarterioles,and then into capillaries, reaching allthe 3ssues and organs except thelungs.
Pulmonary circuit: it begins in theright ventricle from which thepulmonary artery starts (this arterybranches into two,with each branchconnec3ngwithalung).
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
LYMPHATICSYSTEM
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Lymph:atransparentliquidcomposedoflymphocytesandinters33alplasma.Inters33alplasmaisformedwhenbloodplasmaisfilteredasittravelstothe3ssues.Fromthere,it'scollectedbylymphaKccapillaries.
LymphaKcvessels:lympha3ccapillariesareclosedononeendandarefoundin3ssuesjoiningintoincreasinglybiggerconduitsknownaslymphveins.
artery
cell
lymphvessel
vein
Capilar
Bloodprovidesnutrientsandremoveswasteproductsfromtheorganism’scells.
Someoftheinters33alplasmagoestothelympha3cvessels.
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
EXCRETORYSYSTEM
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NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
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Theexcretorysystem is thegroupoforgans that facilitate the elimina3onof waste products produced by cellsaOercellmetabolism.
The urinary system plays animportant role in the excretorysystem,formedbythekidneysandtheurinarytracts.
rightkidney
inferiorvenacava
ureter
bladderurethra
aortaartery
leOkidney
renalarteryrenalvein
suprarrenalcapsule
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Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
NEPHRON
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Nephrons are the structural andfunc3onalunitsofthekidneys.Theyare tubeswith one closed end andaresurroundedbybloodcapillaries.
They are responsible for filteringbloodandformingurine,aswellasregula3ng water and mineralcontentintheblood.Eachkidneyisformedbyoveramillionnephrons.
arteriole
venule
capillarynetwork(reabsorp3onarea)
loopofHenle
collectortube
totherenalpelvis
glomerulus
proximalconvoluted
tube
Bowman’scapsule
distalconvolutedtube
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor
HEALTHYHABITSINTHECIRCULATORYANDEXCRETORY
SYSTEMS©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 21
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems
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In order to ensure that our circulatory and excretory systems func3onadequately,it'sessen3altoincorporatehealthyhabitsintoourlifestyle.
Abalanceddiet,adequatehygieneandexercisingregularly,aswellasavoidingstress,arekeystomaintainingbothsystemshealthy.
NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems