THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

• It is composed of many muscles and bones.• It lets you move your body parts and go from

one place to another.

BONES MUSCLES

THE HUMAN SKELETON

• Humans have got an internal skeleton. It is made of 206 different bones.

• Bones are rigid and hard.

Functions of the skeleton:

• 1---It supports the body and helps to keep its shape.

• 2---It protects the body’s soft organs, like the brain, the lungs and the heart.

• Bones can move because they are connected to muscles.• 3---So movement is another function of the skeleton.

BONES• Bones can be different shapes and sizes.• There are long bones, short bones, flat bones

and cylindrical bones.

• The FEMUR is the longest bone in the body.

• The PELVIS is the biggest bone in the body.

• the EAR BONES are the smallest bones in the body.

We can put the human bones into three groups:

1--- bones in the head2--- bones in the extremities ( arms and legs)3--- bones of the torso

HEAD EXTREMITIES TRUNK

SKULL / CRANIUM

The bones in the torso are:

The spineThe sternumThe ribs

THE SPINE IS FORMED BY 33 VERTEBRAE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of3XS-gU8dchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChhPpAKKqHIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXtG052Klkg

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeleton

The muscular system

Muscles are soft and elastic

There are more than 600 muscles all over the human body.Muscles are made of muscle cells. These cells can contract and relax.

Muscles contract and relax to make your body parts move.

When a muscle contracts it becomes shorter.When a muscle relaxes it becomes longer.

CONTRACT ----------------- SHORTERRELAX--------------------------- LONGER

QUADRICEPS

TYPES OF MUSCLE

• SMOOTH• CARDIAC• SKELETAL

SKELETAL

• Muscles that are attached to bones iare skeletal muscles.

• Skeletal muscles are also called voluntary muscles.

• Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can consciously control.

• SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO BONES BY TENDONS

CARDIAC MUSCLE

• Your heart is made of cardiac muscles, which• are found only in the heart.• A cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary

muscle, which is muscle you cannot consciously control.

• As cardiac muscles contract and relax, they pump blood through your heart and

throughvessels throughout your body.

Smooth muscles

• They are muscles found in the stomach, intestines and bladder.

• They contract and relax to digest the food we eat.

Muscles have got different shapes:

• Long muscles: like the ones in your legs

• Flat muscles: like the ones in your face• Circular: like the ones around your

arms

Joints

• Joints are places where two or more bones are connected.

• There are 3 types:1. Fixed: they cannot move2. Semi-moveable: they can move a little

(vertebrae)3. Moveable: they can move a lot (elbows,

knees, shoulders)

FIXED JOINT

SEMI-MOVEABLE JOINT

MOVEABLE JOINT

which includes

The bones of the head

The bones of the trunk

The bones of the extremities

The muscles of the trunk

The muscles of the extremities

which include

The muscles of the face

includes

THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

HUMAN SKELETON MUSCLES